What is an enzyme?

• Type of protein.

• Catalyzes / Speeds up a chemical reaction.

• Decreases Energy of Activation.

What are the 6 biological elements?

• C

• H

• O

• N

• P

• S

What are the 4 types of biomolecules?

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Nucleic Acids

What is the function of carbohydrates?

• Short Term Energy storage

What is the function of nucleic acids?

• Store and transmit genetic information.

What are some examples of carbohydrates?

• Fruit

• Grains

• Glucose and Fructose

• Cellulose and Starch

• Sugars in general…

What are phospholipids?

• Type of lipids

• Main biomolecule in cell membranes

What is the function of protein?

• Catalyzes chemical reactions.

• Provides cell structure.

What is the function of lipids?

• Long Term Energy storage

• Cell Membranes

• Chemical messaging

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

• Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

• Nucleotide

What is the monomer of lipids?

• Fatty Acids

• Glycerol

What is the monomer of proteins?

• Amino Acids

What is hydrolysis?

• Chemical Reaction

• Water Added

• Break down large molecules

What is dehydration?

• Chemical Reaction

• Remove Water

• Build larger molecules

What is hemoglobin?

• Type of protein

• Contains Iron

• Binds with oxygen in blood

What does it mean to be “polar”?

• Uneven distribution of electrons across the surface of a molecule.

• Water = Polar

• Head of phospholipids = Polar

Describe the charge distribution of water molecules:

• Hydrogen = slightly positive

• Oxygen = slightly negative

What is a valence electron?

• Outermost electron of atom

• Forms bonds

What is ATP?

• Adenosine Triphosphate

• Energy storing molecule

How does ATP store energy?

• Phosphate bonds

• Add a Phosphate = Store Energy

How can energy be released from ATP?

• Removal of a phosphate

• ATP ADP

What is homeostasis?

• Maintenance of internal stability

• Maintaining internal conditions

What is the nucleus?

• Cell organelle

• Stores DNA

• “Control Center”

• Contains info needed to make proteins

What’s found in the nucleus?

• DNA

• Chromatin

• Chromosomes

• Nucleolus

What do mitochondria do?

• Cellular Respiration

• Release stored energy from carbohydrates

What is the function of the cell membrane?

• Protect the cell

• Maintain what enters and exits

What is diffusion?

• The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH to LOW concentration.

What is equilibrium?

• “Same” on “both sides”

What is active transport?

• Movement of particles against a concentration gradient.

• ENERGY NEEDED!

What is osmosis?

• The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane.

• High to Low water concentration.

What will happen to a salt-water cell placed in fresh-water?

• It will burst

• Water will rush in

• High Low

What are ribosomes?

• Cell organelles

• Make protein

What is an acid?

• Molecule which dissociates in water

• Releases Hydrogen Ions

What is a base?

• Molecule which dissociates in water

• Releases Hydroxide Ions

How does your blood maintain pH?

• Bicarbonate / Carbonate Buffer

• Too Acidic Carbonate binds with H+ Bicarbonate

• Too Basic Bicarbonate releases H+ Carbonate

How is matter related to all living systems?

• All living systems are made of matter

• All living systems cycle and transfer matter