What is a REVOLUTION?How does the spirit of the Enlightenment encourage revolution?How did the American Revolution (1775–83) encourage the French Revolution?

What are the causes of the French Revolution?

1:36

As you watch, identify 3 causes of discontent in France by the 18th

centuryMy three:

• Inequalities in society (taxes/inflation/poverty)• Financial crisis• Incompetent leadership

Book Work

First Estate: 1% = 100,000 ClergySpecial privileges/ no taxes/Church courts/ wealthy from rentof land

Second Estate: 400,000 Nobility2% of the populationOwn 30% of the land/ paid few taxes

Ancien Regime

Third Estate: 97% = 24 million

bourgeoisie(city dwelling merchants, factory

owners, professionals)free peasantsskilled workersSans-culottes

(workers of the 3rd estate)serfs (pay $ landlord AND church)

Each estate has ONE vote in the Estates General(founded 1303, not met since 1614)

AP World:

• Choose a pocket in the front of the room and put your cell phones in it

• C 17 Q/A/T due on Monday 12/12

• DBQ on F 12/16 (I will give you the question and 2 of the 7 documents on TH) (75 points)

W 11/30 = Nick, Katherine

TH 12/1 =Tamara, Sam

F 12/2 = Simrun, Shane

M 12/5 = Harris, Hailey

REMINDERS:

C 20 TEST next week (W 12/14)

Field Trip??

BEFORE our LAST presentation….

Find your C 20 papers PLEASE!(there should be 4 )

Sit in your assigned seats please

ancien regimeKing Louis XVIMarie AntoinetteEstates GeneralFirst EstateSecond EstateThird EstateBourgeoisieSans-culottesDeclaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizenradical

Find your C 20 papers PLEASE!

READ and analyze

1. Why did the Third Estate dislike King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?

• Extravagant lifestyle• She was Austrian- a country a traditional enemy of France• She was frivolous- spent money on lavish parties and crazy hats

2. What special privileges were granted to the FIRST and SECOND estates?

•First = only church courts could try clergy for crimes/ didn’t have to pay taxes/earned a lot of money from rents on church lands

•Second = didn’t have to pay taxes- held most of the country’s wealth

3. What ideas of the Enlightenment helped to inspire the poor to rebel…?

•Bourgeoisie knew of writings of Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire•Wrote of the social contract, freedom of speech, religion and press•Knew of success of American colonists in overthrowing British rule

4. Why was France in debt and how did nature contribute to France’s problems in the 18th century?

• France borrowed a lot of money to spend on wars (including Am Rev)• King and court continued to spend heavily which led to more borrowing

5. What actions could Louis XVI have taken to avoid an economic crisis?

• He tried to tax the Second Estate but then backed down…. Should have been a stronger leader

• Could have eliminated tax exemptions for the FIRST AND SECOND Estate

• ALSO curb the expenses/ scale back spending

By 1789, no group happy

• Clergy and nobility lost power to monarchy

• Bourgeoisie resented regulations

• Poor worse off- hungry and broke

Estates General meets

• Desire for reforms

• Voting process a problem

• Third Estate proclaimed themselves National Assembly

• Tennis Court Oath

First Events of the Revolution

Storming of the Bastille

• King brought in troops

• People of Paris armed

themselves

• Searching for weapons, a mob

stormed the Bastille

Great Fear spread

• King to punish the Third Estate

with foreign soldiers

• Rumors of massacres

• Peasants destroyed records

and burned nobles’ houses

1. What happened during the first events of the Revolution?2. Why did a mob storm the Bastille? What was the Bastille?3. How was the 1789 meeting of the Estates General different from

previous meetings?4. Did the National Assembly created by the Third Estate have the

right to make laws for all of France?

QUICK REVIEW:

French attempts to create a NEW NATION!

• National Assembly completed a constitution • Restricted the king’s power• Created the Legislative Assembly/ kept monarchy (restricted)• Gave citizens broad rights/ eliminated feudal dues• Church not eliminated but becomes a branch of the state• Assembly eliminated the First Estate’s legal privileges

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citize(Olympe de Gouges?)

• Declaration written by the National Assembly that laid out the principlesof the revolution• All men are born equal and remain equal before the law• Freedom of speech• Rights include: Liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression• All persons are held innocent until they have been declared guilty• Taxes shall be equally distributed in proportion to the means of the people

People still upset…… King tries to claim back more power

RESTRICTIONS ON POWER: What was the outcome of the women’s march on Versailles?

• Louis called troops to Versailles to protect his throne

• 7000 women marched to Versailles (Oct 1789) for bread

• Louis agreed to return to Paris and live at Tuileries Palace with his family

• (Nov) National Assembly seizes church lands to pay off debt

King Louis XVI hides out in Versailles

Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

• National Assembly completes constitution on 1791• Create a new legislative body called the

Legislative Assembly

• Monarchs of Austria and Prussia issue warning to France…

• Legislative Assembly powerless against growing violent mobs• Established more RADICAL National Convention• National Convention abolishes the monarchy• France is now a REPUBLIC

C 20 Section 2: The Republic

National Convention convenedSeptember 20, 1792

= RADICAL

Jean-Paul Marat

Maximilien RobespierreGuillotineCounterrevolutionReign of Terror

Chapter 20 section 2: The Republic

1. A Radical Government: Factions in the New Government/Radical Leaders

• All members of the National Convention supported the Revolution• The Mountain/ Jacobins = the most radical (Maximilien Robespierre)• The groups of the National Convention had no formal organization

2. A Radical Government: Execution of the King/ Tightening Control/Transforming Society

• King Louis XVI (and Marie Antoinette) placed on trial/ quickly found guilty/ killed by guillotine

• European nations/ monarchs horrified• Committee of Public Safety set up 18-45 yr olds for military service• Cult of Supreme Being- enthusiasm for revolution rather than the church was

primary goal

The National Convention voted387 to 334 to execute the monarchs.

January 21, 1793

Reign of Terror ?40,000Killed in 10 months300,000Imprisoned

No God!No Religion!No King!No Constitution

The Monster Guillotine:Last guillotine execution was in 1939!

TODAY: FIELD TRIP?

• Collect Napoleon Bio poems historical markers

• Review French Rev• TEST C 20 sec 1 and 2

TOMORROW

• ONE notes sheet permitted (front side only)

• GO over Napoleon class work on TH 12/15

3. The Reign of Terror/ An Outbreak of Civil war/ Accusations and Trials

• After peasants won their demand- end of feudal dues- tended to remain conservative = fear of counterrevolution

• Peasants resisted the draft (region called the Vendee)= civil war• Members of the National Convention fell victim to the Reign of Terror

4. The Reign of Terror/ Death by Guillotine/ The Terror’s Victims

• Condemned rode in an open cart through the streets of Paris• Guillotine could execute one per minute• All social classes fell victim (approximately 40,000 killed in total) inc,luding

Robespierre

Execution of Robespierre: July 27.1794

1795: yet another constitution

Elected a governing board called the Directory

Some of the same problems existed: high prices, bankruptcy, citizen unrest

As a member of the Third Estate how has the revolution changed your life?

Page 7

Terms to KNOW for tomorrow:

•First Estate•Second Estate•Third Estae•Estates General•King Louis XVI•Marie Antoinette•National Assembly•Bread March•National Convention•The Radicals (The Mountain)•Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citrizen•Olympe de Gouges•Bourgeoise•The Bastille•Guillotine•Maximillian Robespierre•Committee of Public Safety•Cult of the Supreme Being•“Liberty, Equality and Fraternity”