What do you mean we have to write a speech?

Yes, that’s right you will be writing a persuasive

speech.A persuasive speech is one in which the

speaker attempts to persuade the

audience to agree with a point of view OR to take some course of action.

Most political speeches are examples of persuasive speeches.

You may not realize it, but you’ve been making oral presentations ever since you started school. In the early grades, like Kindergarten, your teachers coaxed you to say your name or to tell about your favorite toy (show and tell).

Where do I start?Where do I start?

Thorough preparation Thorough preparation is the key to is the key to delivering a delivering a successful speech.successful speech.

Step 1Understand the

purpose of your speech

There are three main purposes

for formal speaking: to inform,

to persuade, and to

demonstrate.

The purpose of my speech is to

_______.

Step 2Step 2

Learn about WHO Learn about WHO your audience is your audience is going to begoing to be

Think about your audience by asking…What are their ages, backgrounds, interests, and needs?

Will my audience be familiar or unfamiliar with my subject?

Step 3Step 3

• Choose a topic; there is an ocean full Choose a topic; there is an ocean full of them waiting for you. of them waiting for you.

• choose a subject that genuinely choose a subject that genuinely interests you and will appeal to your interests you and will appeal to your listeners.listeners.

Know your subject: Make sure that you know your subject well or that you can learn about it in a short time.

Choose the right subject: Make sure that your subject meets the requirements (and purpose) of the assignment.

Choose a specific subject: make sure that your subject is specific enough to cover in the time allowed for your

speech.

Example: General idea = hobbyHobby > crafts > scrapbooking > why you should scrapbook

The specific subject of my speech is _________.

Here are some important points to consider when selecting a subject:

Step 4Step 4

Write a statement Write a statement of purpose ~ of purpose ~ What is the What is the purpose for this purpose for this speech. What are speech. What are you trying to you trying to persuade persuade someone to do? someone to do?

I will persuade my I will persuade my audience to audience to ________.________.

Step 5Step 5

Collect Collect Information & Information & ResearchResearch so that so that your speech is your speech is accurate and accurate and extensive. extensive.

Tap your memory: If your speech is Tap your memory: If your speech is based on experience, write down the based on experience, write down the facts, details, and feelings as you facts, details, and feelings as you remember them.remember them.

Talk with people: Talk with people: Discuss your subject Discuss your subject with a variety of with a variety of people who may be people who may be able to provide able to provide details from their details from their experiences.experiences.

Get first hand

experience if this

applies to you.

Search the library: Make sure to check different library resources including books, Search the library: Make sure to check different library resources including books, magazines, pamphlets, videos, and so on.magazines, pamphlets, videos, and so on.

Explore the internet: Explore the internet: check out appropriate check out appropriate Web sites and news Web sites and news

groups for information. I groups for information. I will give you class time to will give you class time to do this; HOWEVER, it is do this; HOWEVER, it is YOUR responsibilityYOUR responsibility to to

use your class time use your class time wisely!wisely!

Collecting Tips:Collecting Tips:

Gather more facts Gather more facts and details than and details than you need. You can you need. You can decide which ones decide which ones to use as you write to use as you write your speech.your speech.

Take good notes Take good notes and make sure to and make sure to write down all the write down all the sources of your sources of your information. information.

Visual AidsVisual Aids

Look for photographs, maps, models, Look for photographs, maps, models, artifacts, charts, and so on. Showing artifacts, charts, and so on. Showing such items can make any speech such items can make any speech more interesting and/or convincing. more interesting and/or convincing.

Create your own graphics or charts if you can’t find ones that meet your needs; however, you need to

remember these tips:

– Make them big. Everyone in the room should be able to see your visual aids.

– Keep them simple. Don’t use sentences and paragraphs. Labels and short phrases are more effective.

– Design them to catch the eye. Use color, bold lines and basic shapes to attract attention.

Helpful Hints:

PostersShow words, pictures, or both

Photographs Help your audience “see” who or what you are talking about

Charts Compare ideas or explain main points

Transparencies

Highlight key words, ideas, or graphics

Maps Show specific places being discussed

Objects Allow you audience to see the real thing

Step 6Step 6

Outline. Outline. The outline The outline must have an must have an Introduction, Body Introduction, Body and and Conclusion. Conclusion. Under each of those Under each of those headings, use headings, use subtopics (A,B,C) subtopics (A,B,C) and details (1,2,3)and details (1,2,3)

Sample OutlineMaking a Terrarium

A. Selection of basic ingredients1. Use a fish tank or bowl2. Find good soil, sand, and gravel3. Choose plants

B. Preparation of the soil1. Line bottom with layer of gravel2. Place equal amounts of sand and soil

Etc...

Step 7 ~ Prepare your note Step 7 ~ Prepare your note cardscards

Print the Print the information in your information in your outline on small outline on small index cards to index cards to which you can which you can refer as you deliver refer as you deliver your speechyour speech

Note Cards Continued…Note Cards Continued…

Make note cards that contain your Make note cards that contain your opening and closing statementsopening and closing statements

Create at least one note card for Create at least one note card for each subtopic. Underline the each subtopic. Underline the subtopic, and list the key details subtopic, and list the key details beneath it.beneath it.

Number your note cards to help Number your note cards to help you keep them in orderyou keep them in order

The introduction to a speech is very much like an introduction to an essay.

To begin, you may Tell a Story, Use Humour, Use a snappy quote, or you may start by getting your readers’ attention by Reading some startling statistics or by Asking thought-provoking questions.

Like the introduction, the conclusion to a speech is very much like the conclusion to an essay.

The end must be dramatic, conclusive and must leave a lasting impression on the listener’s mind. You may use the same strategies that you used for the beginning.

Step 8 Step 8 Practice, Practice, PracticePractice, Practice, Practice

Start practicing your speech at Start practicing your speech at least two days ahead of timeleast two days ahead of time

Practice by yourself at first. If Practice by yourself at first. If possible, record yourselfpossible, record yourself

Then get friends or family members Then get friends or family members to listen to your speech (ask for to listen to your speech (ask for honest, constructive advice)honest, constructive advice)

Practice until you know your Practice until you know your speech inside and outspeech inside and out

Helpful Hints

DON’T try to memorize what you will say. Instead, use your note cards to guide you in presenting your key points

Use body language and the tone and volume of your voice to emphasize key points.

Glance at me

Step 9 ~ The Delivery

No, NOT pizza delivery

The delivery of your speech

Deliver Your SpeechDeliver Your Speech

When it is time to deliver your speech When it is time to deliver your speech use the following strategies:use the following strategies:

1. Review your note cards to refresh your memory before you start.

2. Do NOT read to your 2. Do NOT read to your audienceaudience

Use your note Use your note cards to help you cards to help you focus on your key focus on your key points, but DO NOT points, but DO NOT read from the cards read from the cards word for wordword for word

Speak slowly & loudly, Speak slowly & loudly, pronouncing each of your pronouncing each of your

words clearly and words clearly and CONFIDENTLY! CONFIDENTLY!

Make eye contact with your Make eye contact with your audience.audience.

Look up as often as you can

Use verbal techniquesUse verbal techniques

Alter the tone and Alter the tone and loudness of your loudness of your voice, to emphasize voice, to emphasize key pointskey points

Don’t rush! Take Don’t rush! Take your time, and use your time, and use your voice to add your voice to add color and interest to color and interest to your speech. your speech. GLANCE at your GLANCE at your notes cards when notes cards when you need to.you need to.

Use Nonverbal Use Nonverbal TechniquesTechniques MovementsMovements PosturePosture Facial Facial

expressionsexpressions GesturesGestures To reinforce your To reinforce your

ideas and to ideas and to maintain the maintain the attention of your attention of your audienceaudience

Show interest in Show interest in your topic all the your topic all the way through your way through your speech and wait a speech and wait a few seconds after few seconds after you are done you are done before you sit before you sit down. Don’t run down. Don’t run back to your seatback to your seat. .

Evaluating a SpeechEvaluating a Speech

When you evaluate a speech, When you evaluate a speech, critically examine the effectiveness critically examine the effectiveness of the content and the deliveryof the content and the delivery

Checklist ~ Did the speaker…• Achieve their purpose? Persuade convincingly?

• Elaborate his or her main ideas and support each with facts or appropriate details?

• Introduce the topic clearly, develop it well, and conclude effectively?

• Use facial expressions, gestures, and movements that reinforced the spoken message?

• Give complete answers to audience questions?

Good Luck!Good Luck!