What do you know T-Chart

CatholicismHead of the religion

Religious capital (city)

Name of clergy members

Rules for clergy (marriage, dress)

Language at services

Protestantism

The Protestant Reformation

Bell Work

List 3 specific problems you have with school.Why do you feel this way?How would you change it?

OBJECTIVE

• Understand why the Protestant Reformation happened

• Understand the main points of Martin Luther’s 95 Thesis

Causes of the Reformation

• Renaissance – Values

• Printing Press & Vernacular

• Powerful Monarchs

• People were unhappy with the Church– Corruption

Abuses in the Church

• Church charged fees for services:– marriages, funerals, and baptisms– To raise money to support their lifestyle

• Simony– Selling of Church offices

• Marriage of Priests

• Salvation through ---- Indulgences

Indulgences

• Monies people paid to priests – decreased their soul’s time in purgatory– Released a sinner from performing a penalty for sins

• A pardon

• John Tetzel– He offered indulgences to anyone who contributed

money for rebuilding the Cathedral of St. Peter in Rome.

– not only to living people but for their dead relatives as well

Early Critics

• John Wycliffe & Jan Hus

– Denied pope had worldly power

– Bible had more power than Church leaders

Questions

• What are indulgences?

• Who is John Tetzel?

• Predict which of the reasons for the Reformation will cause Luther to protest.

Protestant Reformation: Luther Challenges the Church

Background…

• rough childhood– His parents were peasants– His parents were cruel

• The storm that changed Luther’s life– Luther devotes his life to the

church– Wants to be a good Christian– Unhappy with the church

Luther the Monk

• Luther spent every waking hour trying to earn his way into heaven

• The harder Luther worked, the more he became disillusioned by the demands of the church

Problems With the Church?Problems With the Church?

►Popes became very richPopes became very rich

►Popes were involved in warsPopes were involved in wars

►Many priests & monks were poorly Many priests & monks were poorly educatededucated No German BiblesNo German Bibles

►Many also had wives & children!Many also had wives & children!

Luther Challenges the Church• Luther became upset

– Problems in church & Johann Tetzel

• Luther’s response:– The 95 Thesis– This starts the Reformation

95 Theses• Nails to Castle Church in

Wittenberg, Germany• Major Points

– Bible Alone• Bible is Ultimate Authority

– Faith alone• Salvation only attained by faith

– All are equal• All believers are equal under god

Called for Modifications– Rejected 5 of 7 sacraments, not in the Bible– Banned indulgences, confession, pilgrimages,

prayers to saints– Allow clergy to marry

Questions

• After the storm, what does Luther promise to become?

• What is Luther’s response to Tetzel selling indulgences?

• What are Luther’s 3 main points?

To Do

• Analyze the 95 Theses

Bell Work

• What practices of the Catholic Church might have angered churchgoers?– Popes pursued worldly affairs, indulgences,

and marriage/children

• What caused Luther’s ideas to spread throughout Germany– Printed word, people started thinking for

themselves

Objective:• Understand and determine the cause and effect of

how different groups responded to Luther’s 95 Thesis– Church/Pope– Holy Roman Emperor– German Princes – Peasants

• Understand the importance of Henry VIII decision to separate from the Catholic Church and how his actions are linked to Luther as well as Germany.

• Reason: It will help students understand the causes, effects and responses to Luther’s 95 Theses.

Exit SlipOn a half piece of paper answer these questions:

1.What did you think of the way this activity was run? Please be honest.

2. If you could have changed this activity for the better, what would you have done and why?

3.How did the church want people to reach salvation? How did Luther want people to reach salvation?

4.What are the three major Protestant religions?

5.What is predestination and which religion believes in it?

Luther – the movieLuther – the movie

Luther’s Response at Worms

• I am bound by the Scriptures I have quoted and my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not retract anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. I cannot do otherwise, here I stand, may God help me. Amen.

• Go over Video Clip

Response of the Church

• Pope Leo issued a decree– Threaten excommunication– Luther refuses to recant

• Luther excommunicated

• Though Luther was excommunicated; his ideas still spread. How?

Holy Roman Emperor• Charles V

– Devout Catholic

• Diet at Worms– Ordered Luther to trial– Luther refused to recant– Edict of Worms

Edit of Worms

• Charles declared Luther an outlaw & heretic

– What does this mean for Luther?

– What happened to Luther after the trial?• Some princes helped him

• Luther’s followers became known as– Lutherans

• Anyone that protested against the Catholic Church become known as– Protestants

Peasant Revolts

• Unhappy– Wanted reform like Luther

• Social & Economic

– End Serfdom

• Peasants Revolt• Luther upset

– Revolt is not how to do things

• Princes’ armies crush revolt, told by Luther– Peasants reject Luther

German Princes• German Princes

– Some shared beliefs– Some want land back

• From Charles V– Others remained loyal to the

Pope

• War with Charles V– Charles V tried to force

Lutheran princes back into the Catholic Church

– Protestants vs. Catholics

– Peace of Augsburg

Peace of Augsburg

– (1555) Peace of Augsburg allowed princes to decide the religion of their land:

• Catholic or Lutheran– Most northern states: Lutheran– Southern states: Catholic

Questions

• What in Luther’s teachings inspired the peasants to revolt– People are free to make their own decisions about

religion

• Why do you think Charles V could not force the Protestant princes back into the Catholic Church, even after war?– Luther’s ideas too strong, people lost faith in the

church

Questions

• What in Luther’s teachings inspired the peasants to revolt– People are free to make their own decisions about

religion

• Why do you think Charles V could not force the Protestant princes back into the Catholic Church, even after war?– Luther’s ideas too strong, people lost faith in the

church

To Do

• Read the Edict of Worms– Answer the questions for tomorrow

Bell WorkBell Work

►Turn to page 492 in your bookTurn to page 492 in your book How many years are represented on the time How many years are represented on the time

line?line? How many rulers of England are shown on How many rulers of England are shown on

the time line?the time line? How many years did Mary rule? What religion How many years did Mary rule? What religion

was she?was she?

►What does the timeline tell us about What does the timeline tell us about religion in England?religion in England?

Henry VIII Breaks Henry VIII Breaks With the ChurchWith the Church

Henry’s BackgroundHenry’s Background

►Became king of England at age 18

►Henry was loyal to the church Henry criticized Luther

►“Limb of the Devil”

The Pope called Henry VIII ►“Defender of the Faith”

CauseCause of the Reformation in of the Reformation in EnglandEngland

►PROBLEM!!! Feared a civil war after his death Henry needed an heir

►Henry & Catherine of Aragon had one child: Mary ~ no woman had ever successfully

claimed the throne Henry and Catherine’s five other children had

all died at birth

Henry’s Solution?Henry’s Solution?A new wife!A new wife!

► Henry thought his wife was the problem (Genes??)

► He wanted to marry another woman: Anne Boleyn

► The problem? The Pope was under the

influence of Charles V ►Catherine’s cousin

He would not grant the divorce

Henry’s Plan B?Henry’s Plan B?Separate From the Church!Separate From the Church!

►Henry asked Parliament to strip the Pope of his power over England

►The Act of Supremacy This act declared the king the head

of the Church in England►Parliament then gave Henry his divorce

►He married Anne Boleyn

Plan C?Plan C?

►Anne Boleyn Gave birth to a daughter ~ Elizabeth

►What was Henry to do? Charge her w/treason Have her beheaded

►Jane Seymour Gave him a son~ Edward She died and he married 3 more times

►No more children

► Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon (Divorced)(Divorced)

► Anne Boleyn (Beheaded)Anne Boleyn (Beheaded)

► Jane Seymour (Died)Jane Seymour (Died)

► Anne of Cleves (Divorced)Anne of Cleves (Divorced)

► Catherine Howard Catherine Howard (Beheaded)(Beheaded)

► Catherine ParrCatherine Parr (Survived)(Survived)

I’m Henry VIIII’m Henry VIII

Effects of the Reformation in Effects of the Reformation in EnglandEngland

►Religious TurmoilReligious Turmoil Edward ~ guided by devout ProtestantsEdward ~ guided by devout Protestants

►Introduced protestant reforms to EnglandIntroduced protestant reforms to England

Mary ~ CatholicMary ~ Catholic►Returned the English Church to the rule of the Returned the English Church to the rule of the

popepope

►ViolenceViolence – “Bloody Mary” – “Bloody Mary” Not everyone wanted to return to the Not everyone wanted to return to the

Catholic ChurchCatholic Church She had many Protestants killedShe had many Protestants killed

ElizabethElizabeth► Establishes the Church of England

~Anglican Church No Pope – Elizabeth Only legal church in England

► For Protestants Priests allowed to marry Sermons in English

► For Catholics Kept things like rich robes Revised the services

QuestionsQuestions

►What was Henry’s main problem?What was Henry’s main problem? Needs an heir (son)Needs an heir (son)

►What was the next problem Henry What was the next problem Henry faced?faced? Needs a divorceNeeds a divorce

►How did he solve both problems?How did he solve both problems? Created his own church, Act of SupremacyCreated his own church, Act of Supremacy

To DoTo Do

►Review sheet – Test FridayReview sheet – Test Friday

►Read Section 4Read Section 4 Finish wks for tomorrowFinish wks for tomorrow

►You will NEED your BOOKS You will NEED your BOOKS TOMORROW!!!TOMORROW!!! 2 more sections of notes left2 more sections of notes left

New Religions&

The Spread of the Reformation

Bell Work

• Turn to page 496 in your book– Read “Calvin leads the Reformation in Switzerland”

• How would your life be different in you lived in a theocracy like Geneva?

To Do• Take out a piece of paper & fold it into 4 boxes

– either hot dog or hamburger, doesn’t matter.

• Give each section a heading:– Catholicism - Lutheranism - Calvinism - Anglicanism

• Find this information– Leadership:

• Religious leader is who?

– How does one gain salvation– Role of the Bible

• Bible is the source of what?

– Worship services: • Services were based on/focused on?

– Interpretation of Beliefs within the religion• Who interpreted the Bible

• Draw a picture for each piece of information, to help you remember.

– Hint: your book will help you

Objective

Understand why new religions were created, differentiate between, and appreciate the significance of new ideologies.

Roman Catholic

• Pope is head of Church

• Canon Law

• Salvation by indulgences

• Priest interprets Bible for everyone

Protestant

• Anabaptism:– a member of a 16th-century Protestant

movement promoting the doctrine of adult baptism on the grounds that only adults can accept and declare their faith on their own behalf

Lutheran• Martin Luther: Germany

– Bible is word of God– All believers are equal– Believers interpret bible– Salvation attained by faith alone

Anglican• Henry VIII

– Church of England

• English Monarch head of Church– Salvation by faith – Bible source of revealed truth– Believers interpret Bible w/

tradition and reason

John Calvin

• Follower of Luther

• Studied law & philosophy in Fr.

• Fled to Switz. to avoid persecution

The Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536)

• John Calvin’s book– Summary of Protestant

philosophy– Influential in spreading

Protestant beliefs

Calvin’s Main Ideas

• Predestination– People naturally sinful– God would select a “chosen few” to be free of sin

– How is this different from Luther’s ideas?

• Theocracy: • Government controlled by religious leaders

– The chosen ones would rule in society and glorify god

• Salvation reached through faith alone• Bible only source of truth

Calvin’s Geneva• Calvin & his followers ran the city

– Fines and other punishments for fighting, swearing, laughing in church, or dancing. Closed theatres, no elaborate dress

• Those who broke the rules– Imprisoned, excommunicated, banished

• If you preached different doctrines– Might be burned at the stake

John Knox

• Knox visited Geneva – Knox brought Protestantism to

Scotland

• Knox established Protestant communities – governed by a small group of

elders– Presbyters (Presbyterians)

Protestant Churches Spread

• French Calvinists = Huguenots

• Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Scotland, England were all dominated by Protestants by the end of the 1500s

Questions

• How did Protestant teaching lead to the forming of new groups?– It encouraged people to discover their own

truths in the Bible

• How is Calvinism like Lutheranism? Different?

To Do

• Review for Review Day– Work on your STUDY GUIDE!!!

• Tomorrow quick notes and review– How long we review is up to you!!!

Bell WorkBell Work

Define “Counter”Define “Counter”

Why would Protestants call the Why would Protestants call the Catholic ReformationCatholic Reformation the the Counter Counter ReformationReformation??

ObjectivesObjectives

Trace the reforms of the Catholic Trace the reforms of the Catholic ReformationReformation

Summarize the legacy of the Summarize the legacy of the ReformationReformation

The Counter-The Counter-ReformationReformation

IgnatiusIgnatius

A Catholic from SpainA Catholic from Spain Injured in battle with the FrenchInjured in battle with the French

During recovery, thought During recovery, thought about his relationship with about his relationship with godgod Spiritual ExercisesSpiritual Exercises

Day-by-day plan for prayer and Day-by-day plan for prayer and studystudy

Believed they cleansed his soulBelieved they cleansed his soul

Founded the Society of JesusFounded the Society of Jesus JesuitsJesuits

The Three Activities of The Three Activities of the Jesuitsthe Jesuits

1.1. Created schools where priests were Created schools where priests were well educatedwell educated

2.2. Converted non-ChristiansConverted non-Christians

3.3. Devoted to stopping the spread of Devoted to stopping the spread of ProtestantismProtestantism

Reform of the ChurchReform of the Church

Goals:Goals: Strengthen the Catholic ChurchStrengthen the Catholic Church Combat ProtestantismCombat Protestantism

Popes took action to fix problems w/in the Popes took action to fix problems w/in the churchchurch Investigated simony, indulgences, and other abuses Investigated simony, indulgences, and other abuses

in the churchin the church Called Council of Trent into sessionCalled Council of Trent into session

The Council of TrentThe Council of Trent

The Pope’s interpretation of the Bible The Pope’s interpretation of the Bible was final. was final.

Those who disagreed were hereticsThose who disagreed were heretics

Christians were Christians were notnot saved by faith alone saved by faith alone It was faith It was faith andand good deeds good deeds

The Bible and Church shared equal The Bible and Church shared equal authority authority

Indulgences, pilgrimages and other Indulgences, pilgrimages and other church practices were acceptablechurch practices were acceptable

QuestionsQuestions

Why did Catholics call it the Catholic Why did Catholics call it the Catholic Reformation and the Protestants call Reformation and the Protestants call it the Counter Reformation?it the Counter Reformation?

How did the Jesuits help the Catholic How did the Jesuits help the Catholic Reformation?Reformation?

How much did the Council of Trent How much did the Council of Trent reform the church?reform the church?

To DoTo Do

Review: Test TomorrowReview: Test Tomorrow