What crimes are What crimes are they they

predominantly predominantly involved in?involved in?

Drugs, auto theft, Drugs, auto theft, intimidation, weapon intimidation, weapon

sales, burglary,sales, burglary,and violent crimes are all and violent crimes are all

common.common.

SPO #1-CRIMINAL GANG SPO #1-CRIMINAL GANG DEFINEDDEFINED

ANY COMPANY OF PERSONS, ANY COMPANY OF PERSONS, WHO GO ABOUT TOGETHER WHO GO ABOUT TOGETHER OR ACT IN CONCERT, MAINLY OR ACT IN CONCERT, MAINLY FOR FOR CRIMINAL PURPOSESCRIMINAL PURPOSES

Ohio Law Ohio Law ORC 2923.41 ““Criminal Gang:” means an ongoing, Criminal Gang:” means an ongoing,

formal or informal organization, formal or informal organization, association or group of 3 or more association or group of 3 or more persons to which all the following persons to which all the following apply:“Criminal Gang:” means an apply:“Criminal Gang:” means an ongoing, formal or informal ongoing, formal or informal organization, association or group of organization, association or group of 3 or more persons to which all the 3 or more persons to which all the following apply:following apply:

1. It has as one of its primary activities the commission of one or more of certain, specified offenses

2. It has a common name or one or more common, identifying signs, symbols or colors

3. The persons in the organization, association or group individually or collectively engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity

““Pattern of Criminal Pattern of Criminal Activity”Activity”

Means that, subject to specified conditions, persons in the criminal gang have committed or in any manner have caused the commission or, in any manner, have caused another to commit 2 or more of any of the following offenses:

A felony OR… An offense of violence OR...

2907.04--Corruption of a Minor2907.04--Corruption of a Minor 2909.06—Criminal 2909.06—Criminal

damaging/Endangeringdamaging/Endangering 2911.211--Aggravated 2911.211--Aggravated

TrespassTrespass 2917.04--Failure to Disperse2917.04--Failure to Disperse 2919.23--Interference with 2919.23--Interference with

CustodyCustody 2919.24--Contributing to 2919.24--Contributing to

Unruliness of a DelinquentUnruliness of a Delinquent 2921.04--Intimidation of an 2921.04--Intimidation of an

Attorney, Victim or WitnessAttorney, Victim or Witness

2923.16--Improperly Handling Firearms in a Motor Vehicle

2925.03--Trafficking in Drugs 2927.12--Ethnic Intimidation

Pattern of Criminal Gang Pattern of Criminal Gang ActivityActivity

A Pattern of Criminal Gang Activity exists if all the following apply to specified offenses AND persons in the criminal gang caused in any way the commission of those offenses OR caused another, in any way, to commit those offenses:

The penalty for participating in a The penalty for participating in a criminal gang is acriminal gang is a

felony of the 2nd degree felony of the 2nd degree ORC 2923.42

At least 1 of the 2 or more offenses is a felony

The last of those 2 or more offenses occurs within 5 years after, at least, one of those offenses

The two or more offenses are committed on separate occasions by 2 or more persons

SPO #2- CHARACTERISTICS OF SPO #2- CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL GANG MEMBERSCRIMINAL GANG MEMBERS

COMMIT CRIMES FREQUENTLYCOMMIT CRIMES FREQUENTLY HAVE PROPENSITY FOR VIOLENCEHAVE PROPENSITY FOR VIOLENCE HAVE ACCESS TO WEAPONSHAVE ACCESS TO WEAPONS DISREGARD LAWFUL AUTHORITYDISREGARD LAWFUL AUTHORITY DISREGARD THE VALUE OF LIFE, DISREGARD THE VALUE OF LIFE,

INCLUDING THEIR OWNINCLUDING THEIR OWN

Gang Nuisance Gang Nuisance AbatementAbatement Any building, premises or real Any building, premises or real

estate including vacant land that is estate including vacant land that is used or occupied by a criminal used or occupied by a criminal gang on more than 2 occasions gang on more than 2 occasions within a 1 year period to engage in within a 1 year period to engage in a a pattern of criminal gang activity pattern of criminal gang activity constitutes a nuisance subject to constitutes a nuisance subject to abatementabatement

Gangs are not exclusively a minority phenomenon White Supremacy 1. KKK 2. Aryan Nations Left wing radical gangs 1. Animal Liberation Front 2. Earth Liberation Front, typically

upper class, college educated, caucasian

Gangs are visible in the Gangs are visible in the community in a number of community in a number of ways:ways: Graffiti 1. Sends messages 2. Warns and challenges

intruders and rival gang members

a. Police officers are considered to be intruders

b. Graffiti is the newspaper of the street

Media 1. News 2. Popular music 3. Movies Schools 1. Nearly twice as many teenagers

reported gangs in their schools in 1995 as in 1989

2. The number of students victimized by violent crime increased nearly 25% at the same time

Malls Theaters Hospitals Parks Civic events

Gangs are visible in the Gangs are visible in the community in a number of community in a number of ways:ways:

Type ~ Delinquent Gangs Groups of young people who “hang-

out” together and.. Possess a name Have a leader or leaders Possess identifying signs Engage in: Truancy, Minor vandalism, &

Status offenses to get attention from police, parents, and schools (Typically not charged with serious crimes)

Traditional Turf-Based Gangs Groups of young people who

possess: A name, A leader or leaders, and share identifying signs

Group is committed to defending its reputation and status as a gang

Associated with a geographical territory which it defends against rival gangs

Key identifying characteristics are turf and gang rivalry

SPO #3-CRITERIA TO SPO #3-CRITERIA TO DECRIBE THREAT GROUPSDECRIBE THREAT GROUPS

INTERACTING TOGETHER REGULARLY ORGANIZATION, STRUCTURE AND

LEADERSHIP PRESENT WITHIN GROUP COMMON SIGNS, SYMBOLS AND

NAMES CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR

COMMITTED BY OR FOR THE GROUP

National Socialist Movement

Violent/Hate Gangs Group engages in violent acts for

ideological or religious reasons, such as racism

Skinheads, KKK, Aryan Nation, Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Mexica Movement

Collectively, members engage in violent acts toward other groups or individuals whom they see as being different

Turf and material gain are of secondary importance if present at all

Offenses include: Intimidation, Serious assaults, Homicide

A Partner with some street gangs are the Prison Gangs

In some cases the power base of the gang is actually in the prison (Aryan Brotherhood)

Violent/Hate GangsViolent/Hate Gangs

Gang AlliancesGang Alliances All gang problems are local in

nature Gang members model themselves

on national gangs Very few, however, will have direct

links to Chicago, Los Angeles or New York

2. An individual gang, typically, tends to align itself with a large overall alliance of gangs called a “Nation”

Purpose of “National” affiliation: Method by which gangs are

categorized Method of identifying gang rivalries A “Set” describes a particular gang

within the “nation” One estimation gives 100 distinct

“sets” of gangs in Northeastern Ohio alone

Gang AlliancesGang Alliances

In Ohio the most common “Nations” are?

The People NationThe People NationThe Folk NationThe Folk Nation

Gang AlliancesGang Alliances

““People Nation”People Nation” Custom is to wear gang identifiers

to the left side of the body Earring in left ear Left pant leg rolled up Cap tilted to the left side Hand signs thrown to the left Uses 5-pointed star in gang graffiti

““Folk Nation”Folk Nation” Custom is to wear gang identifiers

to the right side of the body Apparel is worn in opposition to the

People Nation Uses the 6-Pointed

Star in their graffiti

Some gangs in Ohio have Some gangs in Ohio have also modeled themselves also modeled themselves after after Los Angeles based gangs:Los Angeles based gangs: Crips--Identifies with the color Crips--Identifies with the color

BlueBlue Bloods--Identifies with the color Bloods--Identifies with the color

RedRed

Ohio Gangs Miami Valley ~Diamond Cut, Dayton

View Hustlas, Dope Boy Mafia, BGDs, Greenwich Village Crew/Catel/Clique, MS13/SUR13, Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings, Aryan Nation, Black Pistons +++

Prison ~Aryan Brotherhood, Black Gangster Disciples, Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings, Mexican Mafia, MS13

TYPES OF GANG TYPES OF GANG MEMBERSMEMBERS

RECRUITSRECRUITS PERIPHERALPERIPHERAL ASSOCIATE/AFFILIATEASSOCIATE/AFFILIATE HARD CORE MEMBERHARD CORE MEMBER

Gangs Working Gangs Working TogetherTogether

SPO #4-INDICATORS OF SPO #4-INDICATORS OF GANG ACTIVITY IN THE GANG ACTIVITY IN THE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

PAGER/CELL PHONEPAGER/CELL PHONE GANG “LIT” (LITERATURE SHOWING GANG “LIT” (LITERATURE SHOWING

GANG ALPHABETS, SYMBOLS, ETC.)GANG ALPHABETS, SYMBOLS, ETC.) WEAPONSWEAPONS DRUGSDRUGS GRAFFITTI ON BOOKS, GRAFFITTI ON BOOKS,

POSTERS AND CLOTHESPOSTERS AND CLOTHES WEARING GANG WEARING GANG

COLORS/CLOTHESCOLORS/CLOTHES

33

USING HAND SYMBOLDUSING HAND SYMBOLD TATOOS WITH GANG INISIGNIATATOOS WITH GANG INISIGNIA PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF GABEE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF GABEE

MEMBERSHIPMEMBERSHIP SUSPICIOUS WOUNDS OR BRUISES-MAY SUSPICIOUS WOUNDS OR BRUISES-MAY

BE PART OF INITIATION ACTIVITIESBE PART OF INITIATION ACTIVITIES POSSESSION OF GANG PHOTOSPOSSESSION OF GANG PHOTOS USING UNCOMMON TERMS OR SLANGUSING UNCOMMON TERMS OR SLANG

SPO #4-INDICATORS OF SPO #4-INDICATORS OF GANG ACTIVITY IN THE GANG ACTIVITY IN THE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

BEHAVING IN A SECRETIVE MANERBEHAVING IN A SECRETIVE MANER INTERACTING FRQUENTLY WITH LAW INTERACTING FRQUENTLY WITH LAW

ENFORCEMENTENFORCEMENT CARRYING LARGE CARRYING LARGE

SUMS OF MONEYSUMS OF MONEY BUYING EXPENSIVE BUYING EXPENSIVE

ITEMS ITEMS

SPO #4-INDICATORS OF SPO #4-INDICATORS OF GANG ACTIVITY IN THE GANG ACTIVITY IN THE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY

Motorcycle GangsMotorcycle Gangs Began in early 50s as loosely knit

rowdy groups as a form of social protest

Have evolved into recognized, dangerous criminal groups

They are a major threat to law enforcement due to:

Their possession of and expertise with sophisticated weapons

Intricate intelligence networks

Estimated by one source that only 1% of bikers nationally engage in criminal activity

Commonly known organized criminal motorcycle gangs:

Hell’s Angels Outlaws Pagans Bandidos

Iron Horsemen Mongols Sons of Silence

SPO #5=MOTIVATORS FOR SPO #5=MOTIVATORS FOR CRIMINAL GANG INVOLVEMENTCRIMINAL GANG INVOLVEMENT

LACK OF FAMILYLACK OF FAMILY LACK OF ROLE MODELSLACK OF ROLE MODELS LACK OF ELF-ESTEEMLACK OF ELF-ESTEEM LACK OF FUTURELACK OF FUTURE PEEP PRESSSURERPEEP PRESSSURER A SENSE OF IDENTITYA SENSE OF IDENTITY THRILLS AND EXCITEMENT THRILLS AND EXCITEMENT

OF GANG LIFEOF GANG LIFE

REASONS FOR LEAVING A REASONS FOR LEAVING A GANGGANG GROWING UP AND GETTING SMARTER FEAR OF INJURY FOR SELF AND OTHERS DEVELOPMENT OF INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP FINDING EMPLOYMENT BEING CONCERNED FOR THE YOUTH OF THE

COMMUNITY HAVING A RELIGIOUS EXPERIENCE HAVING AN ADULT TAKE AN INTEREST IN,

ASSIST OR ENCOURAGE YOUTH

Stanley Tookie Williams Stanley Tookie Williams

SPO #6-MOTIVATORS FOR SPO #6-MOTIVATORS FOR GANG RELATED CRIMESGANG RELATED CRIMES

POWER/ CONTROLPOWER/ CONTROL ANGER/AGGRESSIONANGER/AGGRESSION PROFITPROFIT OTHER “BUSINESS” OTHER “BUSINESS”

OF THE GANGOF THE GANG DEFENSEDEFENSE

SUPPRESSION IS THE SUPPRESSION IS THE CALCULATED AND DELIBERATE CALCULATED AND DELIBERATE

EFFORT TO CURB GANG EFFORT TO CURB GANG ACTIVITYACTIVITY

AGGRESSIVE ARRESTAGGRESSIVE ARREST PROSECUTIONPROSECUTION INCARCERATION OF GANG MEMBERSINCARCERATION OF GANG MEMBERS

TYPES OF SUPPRESSION TYPES OF SUPPRESSION STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

INTELLIGENCE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS INFORMATION SHARING USE OF SPECIALIZED UNITS ZERO TOLERANCE

GATTEHRING INTELLIGENCE REGARDING A GANG

SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE GANG GANG SIGNS AND COLORS GANG TERRITORY GANG HANGOUTS GANG NAMES/NICK-NAMES GANG RITUALS