WHAT CAN BE DONE WHAT CAN BE DONE ABOUT YOUTHFUL AND ABOUT YOUTHFUL AND AGEING POPULATIONS?AGEING POPULATIONS?

Population control policiesPopulation control policies

ANTI-NATALIST POLICIESANTI-NATALIST POLICIES

In order to control youthful In order to control youthful populationspopulations

Mostly relate to birth control Mostly relate to birth control educationeducation

INDIA INDIA

In the 1970’s the government In the 1970’s the government enforced a policy of sterilization of enforced a policy of sterilization of rural males who already had a rural males who already had a number of childrennumber of children

Very controversial and led to political Very controversial and led to political upheaval and was abandonedupheaval and was abandoned

Has led to a policy of financial incentives to promote sterilizationHas led to a policy of financial incentives to promote sterilization Government agencies set quotas for sterilization among employees with more than Government agencies set quotas for sterilization among employees with more than

two children.two children. Drawbacks are the issue of how voluntary it is and how it can lead to corrupting Drawbacks are the issue of how voluntary it is and how it can lead to corrupting

practices.practices.

China China

One child policyOne child policyUntil 2005, couples were only Until 2005, couples were only

allowed one child per couple, allowed one child per couple, exceptions were made in rural areasexceptions were made in rural areas

System of incentives and penalties System of incentives and penalties (financial and social)(financial and social)

Many drawbacksMany drawbacks

Led to an increase in abortions, Led to an increase in abortions, especially of female fetusesespecially of female fetuses

Led to increase in female infanticideLed to increase in female infanticideLed to more orphans, especially girlsLed to more orphans, especially girlsLed to an imbalance in the Led to an imbalance in the

male/female ratiomale/female ratio

Changes in China’s population Changes in China’s population structurestructure

THAILAND THAILAND

““Mr. Condom” - educational and Mr. Condom” - educational and social service promotion campaign social service promotion campaign by the ministry of health and by the ministry of health and education.education.

Free condoms were distributed Free condoms were distributed nation-widenation-wide

Benefits were far reachingBenefits were far reaching

Dramatic reduction in birth ratesDramatic reduction in birth ratesGeneral rise in living standardsGeneral rise in living standards

Indonesia Indonesia

“ “ dua anak cucup “ campaigndua anak cucup “ campaign

Promotional poster campaign to stop Promotional poster campaign to stop at two childrenat two children

Mobile clinics to educate people Mobile clinics to educate people about family planning in rural areasabout family planning in rural areas

Led to major decreases in fertility Led to major decreases in fertility ratesrates

Pro- natalist policiesPro- natalist policies

To increase birth ratesTo increase birth ratesTo reduce the effects of an ageing To reduce the effects of an ageing

populationpopulation

SwedenSweden

Generous maternity and paternity Generous maternity and paternity leavesleaves

Free child careFree child careChild-raising allowanceChild-raising allowanceGenerous insurance policiesGenerous insurance policies

France France

Extension of maternity leaveExtension of maternity leaveCash benefits if stopping work in Cash benefits if stopping work in

order to raise third childorder to raise third childGenerous “allocations familiales” & Generous “allocations familiales” &

reductions in fees for public servicesreductions in fees for public services

Singapore Singapore

Stop at three advertising campaignStop at three advertising campaignPromotion of marriage – government Promotion of marriage – government

funded dating servicesfunded dating services

Promote migration from Promote migration from developing countries?developing countries?

A very controversial issue…….A very controversial issue…….