what are we doing with our biosolids: is it sustainable? presented by: natalie sierra, sfpuc bob...
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What Are We Doing With What Are We Doing With Our Biosolids:Our Biosolids:
Is it Sustainable?Is it Sustainable?
Presented by:Presented by:Natalie Sierra, SFPUC Natalie Sierra, SFPUC
Bob Gillette, Carollo EngineersBob Gillette, Carollo Engineers
June 2, 2008 June 2, 2008 BACWA Biosolids WorkshopBACWA Biosolids Workshop
OverviewOverview
Summary of PracticesSummary of Practices Threats to ADCThreats to ADC Threats to Land ApplicationThreats to Land Application Regional Challenges Regional Challenges Statewide TrendsStatewide Trends National TrendsNational Trends Sustainability Sustainability
Biosolids Management and Biosolids Management and Capacities - CaliforniaCapacities - California
Land Application
50.5%
Landfill ADC
15.4%
Incineration
2.5%
Compost
16.3%
Pellets
0.7%
Landfill-Unspecified Use
0.4%
Surface Disposal
1.9%
Landfill Disposal
4.5%
Alkaline Treatment
3.8%
Long-Term Storage
1.3%
Long-Term Treatment
0.5%
Other Disposal
0.9%Unspecified
1.2%
Biosolids Management and Biosolids Management and Capacities - BACWACapacities - BACWA
Land Application
14.7%
Surface Disposal
1.6%
Landfill Disposal
2.8%
Landfill ADC
66.5%
Incineration
14.2%
Compost/Pellets
0.2%
Threats to ADC/Beneficial ReuseThreats to ADC/Beneficial Reuse
ADC/Landfill Beneficial Reuse: ADC/Landfill Beneficial Reuse: General TrendsGeneral Trends
Increasing urbanization – property Increasing urbanization – property closer to landfillscloser to landfills
Increasing public opposition to landfill Increasing public opposition to landfill expansionexpansion
Increasing public opposition to use of Increasing public opposition to use of biosolids as ADCbiosolids as ADC
Concern over VOC emissions from Concern over VOC emissions from landfillslandfills
Concern over use of compostable Concern over use of compostable material in landfillsmaterial in landfills
Regulations - ADCRegulations - ADC
AB 2640(Huffman): No compostable AB 2640(Huffman): No compostable organic waste as ADC, increase in organic waste as ADC, increase in fees for landfill disposal/reusefees for landfill disposal/reuse
SJVAPCD 4565: Air board restrictions SJVAPCD 4565: Air board restrictions eliminate the use of cake biosolids as eliminate the use of cake biosolids as ADCADC
Alameda County: Potential to add Alameda County: Potential to add fees to organic materials sent to fees to organic materials sent to landfill, even if used as ADClandfill, even if used as ADC
Result of Pressure on ADCResult of Pressure on ADC
2004 Survey of Landfills:2004 Survey of Landfills:– 31 Sites permitted by IWMB to receive 31 Sites permitted by IWMB to receive
biosolids (200 mile radius from SF)biosolids (200 mile radius from SF)– OnlyOnly 18 18 landfillslandfills actually accept actually accept
biosolidsbiosolids– 9 of these landfills accept in-county 9 of these landfills accept in-county
material onlymaterial only– 4 of these landfills are disposal only4 of these landfills are disposal only– Only 5 sites will accept biosolids for Only 5 sites will accept biosolids for
reuse!!!!!reuse!!!!!
2004 Landfill Survey, Cont.2004 Landfill Survey, Cont.
Of landfills willing to state capacity, Of landfills willing to state capacity, approx. 720 wet tons/day during wet approx. 720 wet tons/day during wet weather and 1250 wet tons/day weather and 1250 wet tons/day during dry weatherduring dry weather
BACWA agencies produce ~2,000 BACWA agencies produce ~2,000 wet tons/day! wet tons/day!
Threats to Land ApplicationThreats to Land Application
Land Application – General TrendsLand Application – General Trends
Increasing urbanization coupled with Increasing urbanization coupled with increasing public opposition increasing public opposition
Questions about pharmaceuticals and Questions about pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in personal care products (PPCPs) in biosolidsbiosolids
County Ordinances that restrict biosolids County Ordinances that restrict biosolids land applicationland application– Kern CountyKern County– Imperial CountyImperial County– Solano CountySolano County
Status of County Ordinances
Ban on All Land Application
Practical Ban
Ban on Class B
Class B Land Application Allowed
Developing Ordinances
No Regulations/Ordinances Enacted
Biosolids Land Biosolids Land Application in Application in
CaliforniaCalifornia
DEL NORTE
MENDOCINO
SAN FRANCISCO
SISKIYOUMODOC
LASSENSHASTA
TR
INIT
Y
HU
MB
OL
DT
DEL NORTE
ME
ND
OC
INO
TEHAMAPLUMAS
GLENN BUTTE SIERRA
NEVADA
PLACER
EL DORADO
ALPINEAMADOR
COLUSA
LAKE
SONOMANAPA
YOLO
YUBASUTTER
SOLANOMARIN
CONTRA COSTA
ALAMEDA
SACRAMENTO
SAN MATEOSANTA CRUZ
SANTA CLARA
SAN JOAQUIN
STANISLAUS
CALAVERAS
TUOLUMNE MONO
MERCEDMARIPOSA
MADERA
SAN BENITO FRESNO
TULARE
INYO
SAN LUIS OBISPO
KERN
KINGS
SAN BERNARDINO
SANTA BARBARA
LOS
ANGELES
VENTURA
RIVERSIDE
IMPERIALSAN
DIEGO
ORANGE
MONTEREY
AZ
NEVADA
MEXICO
OREGON
Biosolids Ordinances w/ AZ & NVBiosolids Ordinances w/ AZ & NV
Restricted Use – Class A
None
Developing / Implementing Restrictions
Actual Ban
Practical Ban
Reasonable
20031999
Restricted UseReasonable
Limited
Actual Class B Ban/Practical Ban
MENDOCINO
2008
Local Regulations – Local Regulations – CountiesCounties
What’s Next?What’s Next?
Local Regulations – Local Regulations – CountiesCounties
JACKSON
CALHOUN
FRANKLIN
GADSDEN
GULF
LEON
WAKULLA
BAY
HOLMES
JEFFERSON
OKALOOSASANTA
WALTONWASHINGTON
LIBERTY
ESCAMBIA
ALACHUA
BAKER
CLAY
COLUMBIA
DIXIE
DUVAL
HAMILTON
LAFAYETTE
LEVY
MADISON
SUWANNEE
TAYLORUNION
NASSAU
CHARLOTTE
COLLIER
DE SOTO
HERNANDO
HIGHLANDS
HILLSBOROUGH
LEE
PASCO
PINELLAS
SARASOTA
HARDEEMANATEE
BROWARD
DADE
GLADES
HENDRY
MARTIN
MONROE
OKEECHOBEE
PALM BEACH
ST. LUCIE
BREVARD
CITRUS
FLAGLER
INDIAN RIVER
LAKE
MARION
POLK
PUTNAM
ST.JOHNS
SEMINOLESUMTER
VOLUSIA
ORANGE
OSCEOLA
Current Status ofLand Application
in FloridaStatus of County
Ordinances
Practical Ban, Class AA Exempt
Ordinance Permits Land Application
Revising Ordinance
No Available Sites
Ban on Class B
Practical Ban
No Ordinance Enacted
BRADFORD
GILCHRIST
ROSANotes:
•Ordinances that permit land application may have restrictions that are more severe than DEP regulations. Consult each ordinance to verify.
Statewide Requirements beyond Statewide Requirements beyond EPA 503 RegulationsEPA 503 Regulations
Terminology Class AA versus EQTerminology Class AA versus EQ Rule Revisions is in ProgressRule Revisions is in Progress
Florida RegulationsFlorida Regulations
Biosolids Management and Biosolids Management and Capacities - CaliforniaCapacities - California
Land Application
50.5%
Landfill ADC
15.4%
Incineration
2.5%
Compost
16.3%
Pellets
0.7%
Landfill-Unspecified Use
0.4%
Surface Disposal
1.9%
Landfill Disposal
4.5%
Alkaline Treatment
3.8%
Long-Term Storage
1.3%
Long-Term Treatment
0.5%
Other Disposal
0.9%Unspecified
1.2%
What Are Others in CA Doing?What Are Others in CA Doing?
Regional CooperationRegional Cooperation– IEUA LACSD CompostingIEUA LACSD Composting
AgenciesAgencies– Los Angeles – TIRELos Angeles – TIRE– Santa Margarita WD – Thermal OxidizerSanta Margarita WD – Thermal Oxidizer– Encina - DryerEncina - Dryer
What Are Others in CA Doing?What Are Others in CA Doing?
Private CorporationsPrivate Corporations– Enertech – RayEnertech – Ray– Compost – North Kern – SynagroCompost – North Kern – Synagro– Liberty Energy – Gasification at:Liberty Energy – Gasification at:
Kern CountyKern County Banning Banning Imperial CountyImperial County
– Another Dryer to be used to provide fuelAnother Dryer to be used to provide fuel– Nursery Products CompostingNursery Products Composting– North Kern Industrial – Land FillingNorth Kern Industrial – Land Filling
What does sustainability mean?What does sustainability mean?– It is public perception drivenIt is public perception driven– Is EQ biosolids the answer? Is EQ biosolids the answer? – Does it have to be a “Product”Does it have to be a “Product”– Can we produce power with it even if Can we produce power with it even if
we do this by incinerating it?we do this by incinerating it?– Is the answer want the 20 salesmen Is the answer want the 20 salesmen
knocking on your door are selling?knocking on your door are selling?– How long does it hav3e to operate in How long does it hav3e to operate in
the USA to be proven?the USA to be proven?
SustainabilitySustainability
I believe that biosolids use – especially I believe that biosolids use – especially in California will continue to be a in California will continue to be a problem until we produce an EQ problem until we produce an EQ products. As long as biosolids still:products. As long as biosolids still:
Look like Look like
Smell like Smell like
It will still be considered:It will still be considered:
SustainabilitySustainability
SLUDGESLUDGE
GoodGood BadBad Class AClass A
Look like Look like
Smell like Smell like
Public Perception
SustainabilitySustainability
Land application Land application Heat drying Heat drying Composting Composting Landfill Landfill Landfill ADC Landfill ADC Dedicated land disposal Dedicated land disposal Out of state export Out of state export Sludge to energy Sludge to energy Incineration/cement kiln Incineration/cement kiln Deep well injectionDeep well injection
Does Your Process Pass the Public Perception Test?SustainabilitySustainability
Multiple independent reuse Multiple independent reuse alternativesalternatives
Environmentally sound practicesEnvironmentally sound practices In-county reuse alternativeIn-county reuse alternative
Suggested Agency Approach
SustainabilitySustainability
Move towards reuse with Biosolids Move towards reuse with Biosolids suitable for reuse without objections suitable for reuse without objections from neighbors or users from neighbors or users
Proven technology for size neededProven technology for size needed Cost effectiveCost effective Compatible with existing plant and Compatible with existing plant and
solids processingsolids processing
Suggested Agency GoalsSustainabilitySustainability
Robert A. Gillette Carollo Engineers
2500 Venture Oaks, Suite 320Sacramento, CA 95833
QUESTIONS?
Natalie Sierra SFPUC - Wastewater Enterprise
1145 Market Street, 5th FloorSan Francisco, CA 94103
(415) 934-5772 [email protected]