What are Plants

Importance of plants

Without plants life on earth would not exist

Plants:

Primary source of food for people and animals

Produce oxygenhelp to keep us coolrenew the air

Plants:

slow wind speedprovide a home for wildlifebeautify surroundingsperfume the airfurnish building materials and

fuel

Plants are:AutotrophsEukaryotesMulticellular

Cell wallsChloroplastsVacuole

Vascular or nonvascularHave Complex life cycle

Adaptation of Living on Land

Plants had to develop the ability to:Obtain water and other

nutrientsRetain water!!Transport materialsSupport their structureReproduce

Classification of PlantsNonvascular Plants

Nonvascular: Lack system of tubes to transport

water and other materialsLow growing; thin cell walls cannot

provide much supportNo roots for absorbing water from

groundObtain water directly from

surroundingsWater and material passes from cell to cell (osmosis & diffusion)

Examples of Nonvascular Plants Three major

groups Mosses Liverworts Hornworts

Rhizoids: root-like structure that anchors the moss and absorbs water and nutrients.

Moss

Liverworts

Hornworts

Vascular PlantsVascular

Better suited to life on dry areas

Well developed vascular tissue to transport water and material throughout the plant’s body

Greater strength and stability; Can grow tall!!!

The Plant Kingdom1. Circle the letter of each characteristic that plants share.

a. heterotrophb. autotroph c. prokaryote d. eukaryote

2. Is the following sentence true or false? Plants make their own food in the process of photosynthesis. ________________________

3. Plant cells have a(n) ________________________, a boundary that surrounds the cell membrane and separates the cell from the environment.

4. Cell walls are made mostly of ________________________, a chemical that makes the walls rigid.

TRUE

CELL WALL

CELLULOSE

The Plant Kingdom

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

Cell Wall

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

Central Vacuole (water)

Chloroplasts

The Plant Kingdom

6. Is the following sentence true or false? Only some plants are multicellular. ________________________7. A group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism is a(n) ________________________.Adaptations for Living on Land8. List five things that plants must do to survive on land.a. ______________________________________________________b._______________________________________________________c. ______________________________________________________d._______________________________________________________e._______________________________________________________9. Plants living on land get water and nutrients from the _______________________________________________.

FALSE, All Plants are multicellular

Tissue

Have a way to obtain/get water and other nutrientsRetain waterTransport material in their bodiesSupport their bodiesReproduce

Soil

The Plant Kingdom10. Why can a plant on land lose water and dry out?_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Plants can lose water due to evaporation.

When there is more water in the plant cells than in the air, the water leaves the plant and enters the air

11. Circle the letter of one adaptation that land plants have to keep from drying out.

a. chlorophyll b. cell wallc. cuticle d. vascular tissue

12. Some plants move water, minerals, and food with a system of tube-like structures called ________________________.

13. Is the following sentence true or false? Some land plants are supported by vascular tissue. ________________________

Vascular Tissue.

True

The Plant Kingdom14. What occurs during fertilization?_________________________________________________________15. Circle the letter of the name of a fertilized egg.

a. sporophyteb. gametec. gametophyted. zygote

16. How do biologists learn which organisms were the ancestors of today’s plants? ____________________________________________17. A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants is called ___________________.18. Why do biologists think that ancient green algae were the ancestors of today’s plants?_________________________________________________________

The union of the sperm cell with the egg cell.

By studying fossils.

chlorophyll.

Land plants and green algae both contain the same form of chlorophyll

Complex Life Cycles

19. Plants produce spores during the ________________________ stage and produce sex cells during the ________________________ stage.

20. Is the following sentence true or false? The sporophyte of a plant looks the same as the gametophyte. ________________________

21. What are two kinds of sex cells that a gametophyte produces? a. ________________________ b. ________________________

The Plant Kingdom

Sporophyte Stage

Gametophyte stage

FALSE

Sperm CellEgg Cell