WHAT ARE HOT SPOTS? WHY ARE THE LOCATIONS OF SOME VOLCANOES NOT ASSOCIATED WITH TECTONIC PLATE BOUNDARIES ? 03.03.a1 HOT SPOT Example : Hawaiian Islands. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS East Pacific Rise Nazca Plate Pacific Plate Eurasian Plate Pacific OceanAsiaSea of Japan Japanese Islands 05.08.a1 05.08.a3 05.08.a4 Eric Hand Science 2015;349: Published by AAAS Hot spots Researchers have identified 28 plumes in the mantleand nearly all of them correspond with volcanic regions called hot spots. Eric Hand Science 2015;349: Published by AAAS N S 2. Yellowstone 1. Hawaiian Islands 3. Tristan da Cunha French et al., Science 341, p N S Influence of the crust on the style of volcanism. Nikolai M. Shapiro, and Ivan Koulakov Science 2015;348: Published by AAAS Core/Mantle Boundary Plate Motion Crust Mantle or Upper Mantle/Lower Mantle Plate Motion Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Increased Time Since Connection to Internal Energy Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Increased Time for Erosion by External Forces. Internal Forces Exceed External Forces Internal Forces Plate Motion Older Volcanic Material. More Eroded Islands. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN. All Ages in millions of years. AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN Loihi All Ages in millions of years. Youngest AGES OF VOLCANIC ROCKS IN HAWAIIAN CHAIN Loihi All Ages in millions of years. 4.9 Youngest Oldest YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK Super Volcano Caldera 640,000yr Snake River Plain Fig. 4 Schematic model for the Yellowstone crustupper mantle magmatic system. Hsin-Hua Huang et al. Science 2015;348: Published by AAAS Influence of the crust on the style of volcanism. Nikolai M. Shapiro, and Ivan Koulakov Science 2015;348: Published by AAAS TRISTAN DA CUNHA 03.03.b1 Cooling, Contracting and Eroding Cooling, Contracting and Eroding 03.03.b1 03.08.c2 Tristan da Cunha Motion of African Plate Walvis Ridge