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What are auxiliary verbs? Grammar Toolkit Slide 2 A non-finite verb can become a finite verb with the help of an auxiliary or helping verb. Auxiliary verbs give the resulting verb its tense. Lets start with the present participle looking. looking By itself, it doesnt have a tense and cant have a subject. is The auxiliary verb is makes the verb complete and gives it a tense (present tense.) Mickey The complete verb can now have a subject. The complete finite verb becomes is looking. Slide 3 Grammar Toolkit Auxiliary verbs are forms of the verbs have, do and be. Choose an auxiliary verb for each non-finite verb. What tense does the complete verb get? I ______ cleaning. She _______sure. We to go. Yuki and Sanj coming. I know. am present have has do does did be am is are was were being been was past have present are present did past Slide 4 Grammar Toolkit Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verb. They help a non-finite verb express possibility, obligation or permission. Choose an auxiliary verb for each non-finite verb. What tense does the complete verb get? we dance? You eat. Mia run fast. Jack go. They know. Shall future can could may might must shall should will would must present can present will future might present Slide 5 Grammar Toolkit A main verb plus one or more auxiliary verbs makes a verb phrase. Carlos playing. is been is will was have had was had been will have been mayhavebeenplayed Verb phrases can become quite long. What verb phrases can you make with these auxiliary verbs? Slide 6 Grammar Toolkit Many subjects and their auxiliary verbs are written as contractions. Contractions are words or phrases with an apostrophe to show missing letters. Im home. = I am home. Cristinas here. = Cristina is here. Many negative verb phrases are also written as contractions. She hasnt sold it. = She has not sold it. He didnt arrive. = He did not arrive. Slide 7 subject + auxiliary verbcontraction I have you are I had its theyre Grammar Toolkit Do you know what these contractions mean? contractionnegative verb phrase cant dont shouldnt will not had not Ive youre Id it is they are cannot do not should not wont hadnt Slide 8 Grammar Toolkit Verbs have different forms. A finite verb is a verb with a subject and tense. A non-finite verb doesnt have a subject or tense and cannot be the main verb in a sentence. Non-finite verbs can become finite verbs with the help of auxiliary verbs (forms of the verbs have, do and be), including modal verbs. Adding one or more auxiliary verbs to a main verb forms a verb phrase. Many subjects and their auxiliary verbs are written as contractions (e.g. shed = she had), as are negative verb phrases (e.g. dont = do not). Slide 9 Grammar Toolkit