“what an absolute monarch would say?”
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“What an absolute monarch would say?” Explain to your partner why England was the only major European nation to not have an absolute monarchy. Fill in the blank for your teammate, The Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the ???? . “What Thomas Hobbes would say about man.” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
“What an absolute monarch would say?”
Explain to your partner why England was the only major European nation to not have an absolute monarchy.
Fill in the blank for your teammate, The Renaissance, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, the ????
“What Thomas Hobbes would say about man.”
“What John Locke would say about man.”
“What someone who believes in laissez faire economics would say.”
The Estate System Estate = social Classes First Estate – Clergy
o Wealth & privilege (bishops & abbots)o Church owned 10% of the land, collected
tithes, no taxeso Nuns, monks, and priests – ran schools,
hospitals, & orphanageso Condemned the Enlightenment
Second Estate – Nobilityo Top jobs in the government, army, courts,
and the churcho No taxes
Third Estate – majority of the populationo Bourgeoisie – middle classo Lawyers, doctors, journalists, professors, o rural peasants = poor, increase in bread prices
= possible starvationo TAXES!o Enlightenment encouraged 3rd Estate to
question the current system
Think, Pair, Share
Do you believe the United States currently has a struggle between
economic classes? Why or why not?
Financial Troubles
Deficit Spending – government spends more money than it takes in
Louis XIV left France in debt (7 years war/American Rev.)
Govt. borrowed more money. ½ of money from taxes went to pay interest on the country’s debt
Bad harvests cause foot prices to increase
Jacques Necker – financial advisor to Louis XVI suggested taxing the 1st and 2nd estate, clergy and nobles forced the king to fire him
Estates General
Legislative body consisting of representatives from each of the 3 estates
French King hadn’t called the Estates General in the last 175 years
List of grievances = class resentment
“bloodsuckers of the nation who drink the tears of the unfortunate from goblets of gold”
“vampires pumping the last drop of blood” “20 million must live on half of the wealth of France while the
clergy…devour the other half”
Without using your notes, explain to your partner 2 reasons why France was having economic problems.
“What a member of the 3rd estate might say about members of the 1st or 2nd estate”
Voting issues
Each estate had one vote (1st and 2nd Estate ) Or vote “by head” (3rd Estate )
3rd Estate creates the National Assembly, reform minded nobles and clergy join, Louis XVI accepts it
Bastille Day
Similar to our Independence Day
Rumor that royal troops were going to occupy Paris, 800 citizens storm the Bastille in search of weapons
Section 2
Phases of the French Revolution National Assembly 1789-1791 Moderate phase 1792-1794 Reign of Terror, End of the Monarchy The Directory 1795-1799 1799-1815 Age of Napoleon
Each of you will be given 30 seconds to create a drawing representing the voting problems of the Estates General for the 3rd estate. After 30 seconds are up, explain what you created and why.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the citizen Modeled after the Declaration of Independence Natural Rights – “liberty, property, security, and
resistance to oppression” (Locke/Amer. Rev.) Government exists to protect the natural rights of
citizens All male citizens equal before the law, equal right to
hold public office, Freedom of religion, and taxes based on ability to pay
Did not grant equal citizen to women Later in the revolution women could be imprisoned
or executed for expressing their resistance
Women 6,000 women marched to the Palace at Versailles
demanding to see the king Austrian queen Marie Antoinette – lavish lifestyle
while much of the country was hungry Women refused to leave until the king returned to
Paris
Think, Pair, Share
You’re King Louis XVI or Queen Marie Antoinette, what would you do?
The Church
Placed under state control, bishops and priests become elected, salaried officials
Ended Papal authority, dissolved monasteries and convents Many Bishops and Priests denied the law, the Pope
condemned it, peasants rejected it Rift between revolutionaries & peasantry
Constitution of 1791
Limited monarchy to replace absolute monarchy Legislative assembly – power to make laws, collect taxes,
and decide issues Lawmakers elected by tax paying males over 25 years old Revolution over? Louis’ attempt to flee fails. Dressed as a servant, Queen a
governess Royal family is escorted back to Paris, labeled traitors to
the revolution
“French Plague”
European rulers increased border security to prevent revolutionary ideas from spreading into their nation, anti-Enlightenment
Emigres – nobles, clergy who fled France Austria and Prussia threaten to intervene to protect the
French monarchy
“What a member of the 3rd estate would say about the King’s palace at Versailles”
“What an absolute ruler would say about the French Revolution”
Radicals
Currency drops in value = inflation = hoarding = food shortages
Sans-culottes
Radicals who wanted a republic –govt. ruled by elected representatives
Means “without breeches” – long trousers rather than knee breeches
Jacobins
Revolutionary political club, middle class lawyers and intellectuals
Newspapers and pamphlets
Radicals hold power in the Legislative Assembly, declare war on Austria, Prussia, Britain, (1792-1815)
Categories
Taking turns, list members of the Enlightenment. Last one who can’t
name one loses!
Section 3
Tension
War going poorly, Desertions from the French Army, rumors the King is secretly supporting France’s enemies
September Massacre – Citizens attack prisons holding political prisoners, 1,200 killed
National Convention (new legislative body)
Suffrage (right to vote) extended to all male citizens, not just property owners
Abolish the monarchy – republic established Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were both executed via the
guillotine
The committee on Public Safety
12 member committee Absolute power, in charge of trials and executions Taxed everyone in preparation for war Maximilien Robspierre “the incorruptible”
o Wanted to abolish slaveryo Promoted religious tolerationo “Liberty cannot be secured, unless criminals lose their
heads.” Reign of Terror
o 300,000 arrestedo 17,000 executedo Robespierre was executed
France creates its 3rd Constitution….
Think, Pair, Share
Governor Rick Scott has agreed to allow television networks to televise the state’s execution of a death row
inmate. Would you watch?
Section 4
Napoleon Bonaparte Started his military training at age 9 “Since one must take sides, one might as well
choose the side that is victorious, the side which devastates, loots, and burns. Considering the alternative, it is better to eat than to be eaten.”
Military successes against Austria, captured most of N. Italy
Used a network of spies and press censorship to minimize his failure in Egypt
1802 – Napoleon names himself consul/emperor for life
Took the crown from the Pope & placed it on his own head
Plebiscite – popular vote by ballot Order, security, and efficiency replaced liberty,
equality, and fraternity Controlled prices, encouraged new industry, built
roads, canals, and schools Made peace with the Catholic Church
o Church still under state control, but recognized religious freedom for Catholics
Think, Pair, Share
Knowing what you know about Napoleon, predict whether or not he will be good for France in the long run.
Explain your answer.
Jobs were given based on talent Napoleonic Code
o Equality of all citizens before law, religious toleration, abolition of feudalism
o Women lost most of their rights, couldn’t participate in citizenship
“a man such as I am care little for the life of a million men.”
Napoleon’s presence was valued at 40,000 troops
Annexed (incorporated) the Netherlands, Belgium, parts of Italy and Germany.
HRE – broken into 38 states under French protection
Friend and relatives placed on conquered thrones (brother = king of Spain)
Great Britain stood alone, outside Napoleon’s grasp
Estates GeneralRepresentatives
EstatesLegislative
VotingGroup
Deficit SpendingMore
MoneyMake
United StatesWars
Bastille DayIndependence
WeaponsViolence
RevolutionStorm
BourgeoiseFrenchTerm
Middle Class
3rd Estate
Natural RightsLife
LibertyPursuit of Happiness
John LockeEnlightenment
Reign of TerrorGuillotine
HeadArrest
CutPrison
Categories
Taking turns, list characteristics of the Estate System. Last one who can’t name a characteristic
loses!
CategoriesTaking turns, list characteristics of Napoleon. Last
one who can’t name one loses!
Continental System o Closed European ports to British goodso GB’s strength was its navy (kept routes to the
Americas and India open)o Failed, increased hostility toward France, prices
soared as items became scarce Invades Russia
o Tsar withdraws support of the Continental Systemo Napoleon creates the “Grand Army” from 20 Nations,
600,000o Scorched Earth Policy – burning crops and villages as
the Russians retreatedo Less than 20,000 survive
Nationalism against France spreads (Continental System, foreign oppressors)o Revolts in Spain and Austriao Guerilla attacks kept French troops thinly spread
Russia, Britain, Austria & Prussia vs. France Napoleon steps down, exiled to the island of Elba, Louis
XVIII = King of France Emigres come back looking for revenge + economic
depression = return of Napoleon Battle of Waterloo (Belgium) – final defeat, Napoleon exiled
to the island of St. Helena
Congress of Vienna Restoring stability in Europe Balance of Power, protect the system of
monarchies, redrew the map of Europe France surrounded by powerful nations Legitimacy – restoring hereditary monarchs Successful in keeping peace until 1914