Lessons Learnt from Monitoring at the Weyburn

and Aquistore Projects

Neil Wildgust, Chief Project Officer

May 16, 2012

International Workshop on Knowledge Sharing in MVA/MMV, Mobile, Alabama

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IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO2 Monitoring & Storage Project (WMP) 2000 to 2012

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6

Integrated technology portfolio for geologic CO2 storage

Modeling

CO2 injection: lab to field scale

predict isolation performance

measure isolation

performance

History Match

compare results: resolve discrepancies & refine CMM capabilities

Monitoring

provide fund’l data & test bed for MMC

Site Characterization

define initial & bdry conds

•" Calibrate predictive models •" t-lapse data for iterative site char & modeling refinement •" Demo regulatory compliance •" Crucial for public acceptance

Chapter 3 Modeling

Chapter 2 Site Characterization

Chapters 4-5 Monitoring

Chapter 6 History Match

Isolation performance •" Capacity •" Footprint •" Containment •" Risk (CFC uncertainty)

•" Demo site feasibility •" ID screening criteria •" Design site char, injection, & monitoring strategies •" Quantify risk (CFC uncertainty)

Staged Study Areas: Regional GeoScience Framework Area of Investigation:!

>30,000 wells in study area!-"11,121 drill stem tests!-"6,292 wells with digital core analyses!-"9,207 formation water chemistry samples!

3D Time-Lapse Seismic: CO2 Distribution

Reservoir

Monitoring regional subsurface distribution of CO2: •"Verifying storage conformance •"A primary input for updating reservoir models •"Optimal resolving capability •"Sensitive to low CO2 saturations •"Data repeatability is fundamental

3D Time-Lapse Seismic: Pressure vs. CO2 Saturation

Inversion of prestack seismic data: •" Semi-quantitative CO2 saturation and P changes •" Results are model-based •"Characterization of reservoir rock physics is essential •" Monitoring survey design is important as “long offset” data are required

3D Time-Lapse Seismic: Containment

500

700

900

1100

1300

TWT

(S)

Caprock Watrous Reservoir

Vanguard

Colorado

1

2 3

Interval travel-time changes: •" Semi-quantitative apportionment of CO2 within various layers of the storage complex •" Results are model-based •"Characterization of reservoir rock physics is essential •" Data repeatability is essential

> 85%

< 1%

Seal Integrity: Fracture Mapping

Injectors Producers Anisotropy

Anisotropy vectors

Bunge, 2000 Reservoir oriented core sample fracture analysis

Caprock Anisotropy Vectors

Seismic anisotropy as a proxy for vertical fracturing: •" Means of identifying potential fracture zones regionally •" Scale of individual fractures and hydraulic conductivity is not resolved •" “Fracture zones” may warrant subsequent attention

Passive Seismic Monitoring Documentation of time, magnitude and location of seismicity: •"Public assurance •"Integrity of the sealing units •"Injection control

13

BPM chapter 4: Geochemical monitoring 4.1 Summary

4.2 Introduction 4.2.1 Context 4.2.2 Objectives 4.2.3 Components

4.3 Soil gas

4.4 Groundwater

4.5 Reservoir fluids 4.5.1 Produced brines & gases 4.5.2 Produced hydrocarbons

4.6 Reservoir/caprock core

4.7 Recommendations

April 2003

14

Soil gas monitoring: Overview

Research Providers !"Dave Jones et al. (BGS)

!"Dave Risk et al. (StFX) Measurements

!"CO2, O2, N2 conc. !"CH4, C2H6, C2H4 conc. !"Rn, He conc. !"CO2 flux !"C isotopes

Methods !"Single-depth (BGS),

depth-profile (StFX) CO2

!"CO2 flux (BGS) !"Continuous CO2 (BGS),

CO2 flux (StFX) !" !13CO2,, 14CO2

Site-1 Site-2

Site-3

Soil Gas Monitoring Data

Wellbore Field Testing Program Modified coring tool: !! Direct confirmation of cement

Unit #3

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