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Western Europe after the Western Europe after the collapse of the Western collapse of the Western Roman Empire! Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E. 476 – 800 C.E.

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Page 1: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Western Europe after the Western Europe after the collapse of the Western collapse of the Western

Roman Empire!Roman Empire!

The Early Middle AgesThe Early Middle Ages

476 – 800 C.E.476 – 800 C.E.

Page 2: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

I.I. What are the Middle Ages?What are the Middle Ages?A.A. Time period from the fall of the Time period from the fall of the

Roman Empire in 476 A.D. to about Roman Empire in 476 A.D. to about the year 1500 A.D - @ 1,000 years!the year 1500 A.D - @ 1,000 years!

B.B. Sometimes separated into the Early, Sometimes separated into the Early, High and Late Middle AgesHigh and Late Middle Ages

C.C. This is the time of castles and This is the time of castles and knights, Charlemagne, the little Ice knights, Charlemagne, the little Ice Ages, the Crusades + Black Death!Ages, the Crusades + Black Death!

D.D. Ends in the 1500’s when Europe Ends in the 1500’s when Europe enters an age called the Renaissanceenters an age called the Renaissance

Page 3: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

II.II. What is W.E. like during the M.A.?What is W.E. like during the M.A.?

A.A. No central or unifying government No central or unifying government like the R.E. or the Byzantine like the R.E. or the Byzantine Empire in the east = no stability!Empire in the east = no stability!

B.B. W/O a government to unite people, W/O a government to unite people, geography keeps them dividedgeography keeps them divided

C.C. Different societies and cultures Different societies and cultures develop across Europe = not uniteddevelop across Europe = not united

D.D. People look to individual lords for People look to individual lords for protection and church for hope and protection and church for hope and guidance in daily lifeguidance in daily life

E.E. Rapid decline in learning and peace Rapid decline in learning and peace = very tough and unsafe times!= very tough and unsafe times!

Page 4: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Feudalism and Feudalism and the Middle Agesthe Middle Ages

FeudalismFeudalism = political = political structure of the structure of the period based on period based on

loyaltyloyalty

Page 5: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

I.I. Feudalism = Manorial SystemFeudalism = Manorial SystemA.A. King gave land to loyal King gave land to loyal vassalsvassals in in

return for protection (land still is return for protection (land still is owned by the King) owned by the King)

B.B. Vassals (now called lords) might Vassals (now called lords) might then give out parts of that land to then give out parts of that land to knights who would promise to fight knights who would promise to fight

C.C. Lords and knights controlled the Lords and knights controlled the serfs who farmed the land.serfs who farmed the land.

D.D. Each manor had housing, a castle Each manor had housing, a castle for the lord, farmland and a churchfor the lord, farmland and a church

Page 6: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E
Page 7: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

II.II. Feudalism = Dark Ages!Feudalism = Dark Ages!A.A. Very dangerous time because there was Very dangerous time because there was

no protection/organization from the no protection/organization from the government. The manor was the place government. The manor was the place where most lived their entire lives!where most lived their entire lives!

B.B. Lack of money or government to repair Lack of money or government to repair bridges or roads = no trade = no $$$bridges or roads = no trade = no $$$

C.C. Most people know nothing of the outside Most people know nothing of the outside world due to lack of education and world due to lack of education and travel = lack of learning and ideas!travel = lack of learning and ideas!

D.D. No hope for advancement in this life = No hope for advancement in this life = increase in religious practices.increase in religious practices.

Page 8: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

The Rise in Power of The Rise in Power of the Catholic Churchthe Catholic Church

Page 9: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

I. The Church Unifies EuropeI. The Church Unifies EuropeA.A. Without a central government, Without a central government,

Christianity becomes the single Christianity becomes the single unifying factor in W. Europe unifying factor in W. Europe

B.B. As a result, the Church grows in As a result, the Church grows in influence and power and often influence and power and often clashes with political leaders. clashes with political leaders.

C.C. People develop loyalty to their People develop loyalty to their Church leaders rather than Gov.Church leaders rather than Gov.

D.D. Church leaders often set the polices Church leaders often set the polices of the day like building and warfareof the day like building and warfare

Page 10: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

II.II. Church’s InfluenceChurch’s InfluenceA.A. People were religious before they were People were religious before they were

political. Everyone gave $ to church.political. Everyone gave $ to church.

B.B. The Church uses wealth to become The Church uses wealth to become more powerful and build huge more powerful and build huge churches called churches called cathedralscathedrals

C.C. This brings about a boom in art and This brings about a boom in art and architecture in Western Europe.architecture in Western Europe.

D.D. The Church also founds many The Church also founds many universities = rebirth in learning universities = rebirth in learning

E.E. All of these things help to bring about All of these things help to bring about an end to the “Dark Ages” of European end to the “Dark Ages” of Europe

Page 11: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Cathedral of Siena, ItalyCathedral of Siena, Italy

Page 12: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E
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““What could have been…”What could have been…”

Page 21: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Unfinished Nave Wall Unfinished Nave Wall

Page 22: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E
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Supposed to be larger than St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome!Supposed to be larger than St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome!

Page 24: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

The High and Late The High and Late Middle AgesMiddle Ages

1100-1500 A.D.1100-1500 A.D.

Page 25: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

I.I. Formation of Towns and CitiesFormation of Towns and CitiesA.A. Slowly trade increased = towns and Slowly trade increased = towns and

cities were formed on the manorcities were formed on the manor

B.B. As trading increases, the need for As trading increases, the need for money arises = easier trade!money arises = easier trade!

C.C. More trade = more exchange of ideas More trade = more exchange of ideas and thoughts = Feudalism slowly endingand thoughts = Feudalism slowly ending

D.D. Cities such as Venice became centers Cities such as Venice became centers for trading and commerce = money!!for trading and commerce = money!!

E.E. Guilds were established - people could Guilds were established - people could become a craftsperson (apprentice to become a craftsperson (apprentice to journeyman to master) = more options!journeyman to master) = more options!

Page 26: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

II.II. VeniceVeniceA.A. Settled on swampland to get Settled on swampland to get

away from invaders = safe!!away from invaders = safe!!

B.B. Developed outstanding trading Developed outstanding trading boats and slowly grew into a huge boats and slowly grew into a huge trading city = spread of ideas!trading city = spread of ideas!

C.C. By 1200 A.D., it is the center of By 1200 A.D., it is the center of trade and the most powerful city trade and the most powerful city in Western Europein Western Europe

D.D. Establishes the monetary system Establishes the monetary system for the region = Venetian Coinsfor the region = Venetian Coins

Page 27: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Venetian Ducato - @ 819Venetian Ducato - @ 819

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The CrusadesThe Crusades1095 - 1200s A.D.1095 - 1200s A.D.

Christianity vs. IslamChristianity vs. Islam

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Page 52: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Byzantine Empire – 1025 A.D.Byzantine Empire – 1025 A.D.

Page 53: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Byzantine Empire 1100 A.D.Byzantine Empire 1100 A.D.

Page 54: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Pope Pope Urban II Urban II

speech at speech at the the

Council Council of of

ClermontClermont 1095 A.D.1095 A.D.

“God wills it!”“God wills it!”

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Venice and the Fourth CrusadeVenice and the Fourth Crusade

Original Planned Route to the Holy Land

Page 63: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Venice and the Fourth CrusadeVenice and the Fourth Crusade

A Change in Plans!!!

Page 64: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E
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The Hippodrome!!!The Hippodrome!!!

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Children’s Crusade???Children’s Crusade???

Page 70: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

I.I. The CrusadesThe CrusadesA.A. Organized by European Christians to Organized by European Christians to

take back the “Holy Land”. First Crusade take back the “Holy Land”. First Crusade was very “successful” for the Christians.was very “successful” for the Christians.

B.B. However, Muslims win back the land However, Muslims win back the land they had lost over the next 200 yearsthey had lost over the next 200 years

C.C. 44thth Crusade = burned and looted fellow Crusade = burned and looted fellow Christian city of Constantinople (benefit Christian city of Constantinople (benefit to Venice = they are now the top city!)to Venice = they are now the top city!)

D.D. Crusades open trade and goods to Crusades open trade and goods to Western Europe = end of Dark AgesWestern Europe = end of Dark Ages

E.E. Returning soldiers bring back new ideas!Returning soldiers bring back new ideas!

Page 71: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E
Page 72: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

The Black DeathThe Black DeathEuropeEurope1347-13531347-1353

Page 73: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

I.I. The Black DeathThe Black DeathA.A. Spread through the trade routes over Spread through the trade routes over

both land and sea – most likely both land and sea – most likely carried by fleas on ratscarried by fleas on rats

B.B. Kills up to 38 million in Europe – some Kills up to 38 million in Europe – some cities lose ½ their pop.cities lose ½ their pop.

C.C. Massive chaos in society – people Massive chaos in society – people dying in 2-3 days and no known cure dying in 2-3 days and no known cure makes people live differently! makes people live differently!

D.D. The economy and culture of Europe The economy and culture of Europe was devastated due to the death of so was devastated due to the death of so many peoplemany people

Page 74: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

II.II. Europe after the PlagueEurope after the PlagueA.A. Feudal system breaks down due to Feudal system breaks down due to

shortage of workers from plague and shortage of workers from plague and warfare. Lords begin to pay workers! warfare. Lords begin to pay workers!

B.B. Many serfs leave for the bustling Many serfs leave for the bustling towns = increase in goods and ideastowns = increase in goods and ideas

C.C. New people enter into fields such as New people enter into fields such as medicine, law and crafts = new medicine, law and crafts = new thinking about how to do things!thinking about how to do things!

D.D. People move away from religion and People move away from religion and focus on focus on humanistichumanistic learning. learning.

Page 75: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E
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Other Middle Ages Topics Other Middle Ages Topics – NOT discussed in class– NOT discussed in class

Page 80: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

III.III. Who is Charlemagne?Who is Charlemagne?A.A. A group called the Franks became the A group called the Franks became the

dominant force in Europe – this group is dominant force in Europe – this group is led by Charlemagneled by Charlemagne

B.B. The Pope supported them in an attempt The Pope supported them in an attempt to restore order and promote to restore order and promote Christianity across EuropeChristianity across Europe

C.C. Charlemagne (742-814 A.D.) attempts Charlemagne (742-814 A.D.) attempts to reunite Western Europe and to reunite Western Europe and reintroduce learning and bring back the reintroduce learning and bring back the good old days of the Roman Empire!good old days of the Roman Empire!

D.D. Upon death, his kingdom crumbles and Upon death, his kingdom crumbles and Europe continues it’s Europe continues it’s Dark Ages!Dark Ages!

Page 81: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

II.II. Church vs. State (Gov.)Church vs. State (Gov.)A.A. The Catholic Church wants to stop The Catholic Church wants to stop

kings from appointing church kings from appointing church officials and gain more powerofficials and gain more power

B.B. The kings want this power because The kings want this power because they have authority over nobles by they have authority over nobles by appointing local bishopsappointing local bishops

C.C. Pope Gregory VII Pope Gregory VII excommunicatesexcommunicates (removes from the Church) King (removes from the Church) King Henry = loss of power for Henry Henry = loss of power for Henry

D.D. Big victory for the Pope and ChurchBig victory for the Pope and Church

Page 82: Western Europe after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire! The Early Middle Ages 476 – 800 C.E

Magna Carta - 1215Magna Carta - 1215A.A. Document signed by King John of Document signed by King John of

England in 1215 A.D. which took away England in 1215 A.D. which took away some of the king’s powers. some of the king’s powers.

B.B. He could no longer collect taxes w/o He could no longer collect taxes w/o question – needed permission!question – needed permission!

C.C. Freedmen accused of crimes were Freedmen accused of crimes were guaranteed a trial by peers. guaranteed a trial by peers.

D.D. Kings had certain responsibilitiesKings had certain responsibilitiesE.E. Important because it helped establish Important because it helped establish

that people should have rights and it that people should have rights and it also limited the power of the also limited the power of the government (Bill of Rights in USA)government (Bill of Rights in USA)


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