West Virginia and Virginia are “sandwiched” by Ohio and NorthCarolina! --We don’t have a dog in the fight!--

Bishop Milton Wright1828-1917

Susan Koerner Wright1831-1889

Katharine Wright1874-1929

Reuchlin Wright1861-1920

Lorin Wright1862-1939

The third and fourth children of Bishop and Mrs. Wright

(1867-1912)

(1871-1948)

Kitty Hawk, North Carolina(1900-1905)

•1883 Moved to Dayton•1892 Bicycle Shop•1896 Events•1899 Wing warpingGetting Serious!

Otto Lilienthal’s Gliders- Photography and the Press discovered aeronautics- More than 2000 flights, using c.g. flight control

Number 11Number 13

Number 16 Lilienthal died from his glider crash injuries on August 10, 1896

Wilbur and Orville Wright--more thanlucky bicycle mechanicsThough neither graduated from high school,

Wilbur completed a course in trigonometryPrinting business 1881-1892Bicycle business 1892-1916

1881 Rover (U.K.) •10-million sold in US in 1890s•Technology marvel•Stability and Control testbed•Wrights design and build bicycles--starting in 1896•Business is good!

Invention of the SafetyBicycle

1896—A Pivotal Year

Aerodrome No. 5Weight: 26 lbs.Wingspan: 4 mCambered wingsFlew May 6, 189680-90 s, 2300-3300 ft.

Samuel P. Langley’s steam-powered aerodrome

Lilienthal’s fatal crashin August

Orville’s 6 wk. battle with typhoid fever—Wilbur was care giver.

Wilbur’s Idea of Wing Warpingand their quest for flight.

Sketch of Wing-Warping ControlConcept of 1899

Octave Chanute

World aviation authority, became Wrights’ mentor in 1900. (Eclipsed by 1902)

1906 Patent

Learning to Fly led to Systems

EngineeringSystem Engineering Approach Structures (Pratt Truss) Integrate Controls with Airframe Aerodynamics (Wind Tunnel Testing) Propulsion (“Lightweight engine”) Efficient Propellers (Breakthrough!)

Build it and Fly it (Glider Systems 1st)

1900 Glider•Demonstrated Wing Warping•Smaller than “design” 18’ 16’•Unexpected angles of attack•Few piloted flights•Lower drag than expected

All they had to do was go back to Dayton and build a bigger glider for the summer of 1901!

About the color picture...

    The Wright Experience

Ken Hyde andthe WrightExperience Team

National Park Service

Direct Dimensions, Inc.

Warrenton Restoration Facility

Wright Engine Components-Warrenton

1903 Machine Flight Test Program

1903 Flyer in construction

Rochester Institute of Technology

Vertical Four dyno tests

Wright Flying Machine Reproductions•Wright Model B (3)•1899 Kite•1900, 1901, 1902 Gliders•1903 Wright Flyer (2)Other Wright Reproductions•Bicycles•Wind Tunnels•‘03, ‘04 and ‘bent end’ propellers

Wind Tunnel Tests•‘03, ‘04 and ‘bent end’ Wright Propellers•Model B airfoil sections•‘01 and ‘02 Wright glidersDynamometer Tests•1903 Wright Flyer Horizontal four•Production Wright Vertical four

Testing 1901 Wright Glider Reproduction in LFST in 2001

1902 Glider validated Wright Aeronautical Theories

•Airfoil behavior consistent with wind tunnel data•Three axis flight control (with hinged rudder)•L/D consistent with predictions

Reproducing a Wright Propeller Reproducing a Wright Propeller

Wright Brothers’ Documentation &PhotographsFind a Propeller Digitize It Correct for Aging Create Templates

Duplicate Everything!Expensive

The Wright Experience

Larry ParksBAE Systems

An Exquisite Balance of Systems On December 17, 1903, the 4th flight covered 852 ft. in 59

seconds and sustained equilibrium flying conditions. The actual aircraft performance can therefore be reliably analyzed on the basis of Thrust=Drag, and Lift=Weight, using original data--and an exact reproduction of the ‘03 Flyer.

Thrust Engine data

from historical sources

Propeller data from recent full-scale ODU/Wright Experience wind tunnel tests

Drag Feb. 2003

ODU full-scale tests

2000 AIAA full-scale wind tunnel tests

Supported by previous sub-scale data

Weight Reliable historical

data

Lift See Weight and Drag

Aerodynamics – Ames 40 80

Propeller – ODU LFST

Weights, dimensions andenvironment – historical data

Engine – historical data

Assembling the DataAssembling the Data

Aerodynamics – LFST

Aerodynamics – LFST 2002 A Wright Experience 1903 airframe was tested in the Langley

Full-Scale Tunnel, power-off and power on. Cruise conditions were fully simulated.

Preliminary Results

•Flight Performance: Marginal•Sufficient Power for Flight

-More than 12 HP in flight•Airframe is airworthy•“Sufficient” Control Authority•Strongly Non-linear Aero.

Test Conditions:•Up to 1.2 q cruise•-2o < AOA < 16o

• Up to 25o Sideslip•Prop. Speeds to 380 RPM•Full Control Deflections30 hrs of tests; 6 hrs powered

Measured:•All 6 force/moments• & •Canard deflections•Wing warp angles•Some Flow Viz.•Stick forces

Critical Need for High-fidelity Flight SimulationCritical Need for High-fidelity Flight Simulation

First flight, 10:35 AM, December 17, 1903

The Wrights did not consider the brief hop on Dec. 14th to be a true flight since the take-off run was downhill.

Virginian-Pilot

VOL. XIX. NO. 68 NORFOLK, VA FRIDAY DECEMBER 18, 1903 TWELVE PAGES THREE CENTS PER COPY

True to the Democratic PartyIN VICTORY OR DEFEAT

12 PagesIn Two Parts

FLYING MACHINE SOARS 3 MILES IN TEETH OF HIGH WIND OVER SAND HILLS AND WAVES AT KITTY HAWK ON CAROLINA COAST

NO BALLOONATTACHEDTO AID IT

Three Years of Hard, Secret Work by Ohio BrothersCrowned with Success

ACCOMPLISHED WHAT LANGLEY FAILED AT

With Man as Passenger HugeMachine Flew Like BirdUnder Perfect Control

BOX KITE PRINCIPLE WITH TWO PROPELLERS

The problem of aerial navigation without the use of a balloon has been solved at last. Over the sand hills of the North Carolina coast yesterday

Looking Ahead to Dec. 17, 2003

On December 17th, 2003, the Wright Brothers flights will be recreated on the exact site of the originals, in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

The airframe is probably the most faithful reproduction yet attempted

Constructed by the Wright Experience, Warrenton, VA Tens of thousands of spectators are expected But will it fly ………??

Ken Hyde Kevin Kochersberger

Chris Johnson Terry Queijo

(Scott Crossfield)