8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

1/12

Orchids

By Lauren Wensel

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

2/12

Questions to Address What are the different

pollinators used byorchids?

How does the Orchidattract pollinators?

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

3/12

Different Types of Pollinators:

Wingless WorkerAnts

Bees

Butterflies Moths

Flies

Birds

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

4/12

Different Ways to Attract Pollinators Sexual deception

Different fragrances

Bright colors

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

5/12

Sexual Deception The Orchids can attract

the male wasps byreleasing a chemical,

2-ethy-5-propylcyclohhexa-1,3-dione, which is similar

to that of a female

Found in theAustralian Orchid,Chiloglottis

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

6/12

2-ethy-5-propylcyclohhexa-1,3-dione

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

7/12

Wasp Attractiveness

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

8/12

Another use of Fragrances The male euglossine

bees are attracted to theorchid smell for adifferent reason

When they visit theyscratch and brush

themselves against theflower to get the scent

The bees collect thefragrance and store itin their hind tibiae

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

9/12

Why do the male Euglossine Beescollect the fragrance compound They could use it for

metabolic reasons The Males attract

females with the scentand then use theirterritorial displays tolure them in

Males use the scent toattract other males to amating site

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

10/12

Male Euglossine Bees Diagram of male bee

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

11/12

Future Research In the future I think it

would be interesting totest which of the

different types ofpollinators are best fororchid fertilization.

8/12/2019 Wensel.orchids Evolution Project

12/12

References

Ackerman, J. D. Specificity and Mutual Dependency of the Orchid- Euglossine BeeInteraction. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.1983. Vol. 20. pp. 301-314.

Beattie, A. J., Peakall, R. Pollination of the Orchid Microtis Parviflora R. Br. ByFlightless Worker Ants. British Ecological Society. Vol. 3. No. 5. 1989. pp. 515- 522.

Calvo, Richard N. Evolutionary Demography of Orchids: Intensity and Frequency ofPollination and the Cost of Fruiting. Ecology. Vol. 74. No. 4. June 1993. pp. 1033-

1042 Dobson, Calaway H., Dressler, Robert L., Hills, Harold G., Adams, Ralph M.,

Williams, Norris H. Biologically Active Compounds in Orchid Fragrances. Science.Vol. 164. No. 3885. 13 June 1969. pp. 1243- 1249

Nilsson, L. A. Orchid pollination Biology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution.Vol. 7.No.8. 1992. pp. 255-259

O Connell, Lisa M., Johnston, Mark O. Male and Female Pollination Success in a

Deceptive Orchid, A Selection Study. Ecology.Vol. 79. No.4. June 1998. pp. 1246-1260

Schiestl, Florian P., Peakall, Rod, Mant, Jim G., Ibarra, Fernando, Schulz, Claudia,Franke, Stephan, Francke, Wittko. The Chemistry of Sexual Deception in an Orchid-Wasp Pollination System. Science. Vol. 302. 17 October 2003. pp. 437-438