WELLER CARTOGRAPHIC SERVICES LTD.

Is pleased to continue its efforts to provide map information on the internet for free but we are asking you for your support if you have the financial means to do so?

If enough users can help us, we can update our existing material and create new maps.

We have joined PayPal to provide the means for you to make a donation for these maps. We are asking for $5.00 per map used but would be happy with any support.

Weller Cartographic is adding this page to all our map products. If you want this file without this request please return to our catalogue and use the html page to purchase

the file for the amount requested.

click here to return to the html page

If you want a file that is print enabled return to the html page and purchase the file for the amount requested.

click here to return to the html page

We can sell you Adobe Illustrator files as well, on a map by map basis please contact us for details.

click here to reach weller@axion.net

If enough interest is generated by this request perhaps, I can get these maps back into print as many users have asked.

Thank you for your support,Angus

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY The geographic area called Mongolia is comprised of an area of high steppe and desert sandwiched between China in the south and Russia in the north. The region is completely landlocked. Generally, it is a plateau between 900 and 1,500 metres high. However, in the west are the Altai Mountains. The highest peak in the country of Mongolia is Tavan Bogd Uul at 4,374 metres.Since the plateau is high, landlocked and northerly, it results in a climate that is dry and cold. The average rainfall is below 38 cm per year (52 cm is considered adequate for farming without irrigation). Thus, successful agriculture can only be carried out with irrigation in those places where steady sources of water can be counted upon. The usual crops in these irrigated areas are wheat and oats. Temperature extremes also occur within the Gobi Desert, with summer daytime temperatures around 40°C and near 0°C at night. Winter temperatures can reach minus 50°C. Due to the harsh environment, most of Mongolia is grassland. Forests cover about 10% of the land area and are primarily composed of larch. These forests are mostly in the northern portion of the country.Historically, the people have had to adapt to a pastoral nomadic existence. The nature of their goods and livelihood were based on animal products—wool, hides, meat, cloth and leather. The people did not manufacture any products that required significant infrastructure or lengthy production. As nomadic people, they had to have personal goods that were highly portable and necessarily utilitarian. An environment devoid of trees for fuel makes manufacturing difficult and the existing fuel, dried animal dung, is hardly the fuel of heavy industry.Prehistorically, Mongolia seems to have had human occupation as far back as 200,000 BC. As time and archaeological work progress, the prehistory of Mongolia will be filled in, but for now, we have to rely on the records of the Chinese who fought with tribes here during the 4th or 5th century BC. The Mongol history was written by their foes until the time of Genghis (Jenghis) Khan and always seems to describe the people as a warrior race against whom great

walls were built and fierce battles fought. One should remember that these are not wars of nations, but rather plundering raids by a variety of tribes who fought with one another as much as with the Chinese. The Chinese themselves were not a unified nation but rather a group of kingdoms. By 1000 AD, this area of the world with was beginning to form nations from the tribes and small kingdoms that had existed before. All that was needed for significant social upheaval was a leader with a vision and strength of arms to carry out the vision out. Temujin, later called Genghis (Jenghis) Khan. Who as a boy saw his father killed by a rival tribal group. Upon, escaping he began a long campaign of revenge. It is implied that from time to time Temujin was thwarted or abandoned by allies and made it a policy to trust only those who had proved their loyalty to him. In return for loyalty, men were given the opportunity to rise through the ranks and take positions of power and authority based on their military skill. Temujin was proclaimed Genghis (Jenghis) Khan in 1206, at the Mongolian capital Karakorum. Europe has a parallel leader to Genghis (Jenghis) Khan, Charles the Great (Charlemagne 771 to 814). Although his Frankish Empire did not compare in size to Genghis Khan’s, its policies of literacy, administration, commerce and cultural exchange mean as much to the West as the Mongol leader’s did to the East. In the past, as it is today, knowledge, information, intelligence or espionage—call it what you will—and an educated elite are the keys to defeating your enemies. Thus, these two men set up the infrastructure for two of the world’s great civilizations. Having united the Mongolian tribes, Genghis Khan began campaigns to expand his territory. The Mongols created an empire that held sway over all of central Asia, northern Europe, northern India, China and border areas like northern Vietnam and Japan. The sons, grandsons and heirs to his skills as an administrator and military tactician ruled all or part of his territory until about 1370, when they were driven out of Beijing. They finally were completely crushed in 1388, when they were driven out of Karakorum and defeated on the Kerulen.

Mongolia no longer plays a major role in world affairs but individual tribes have harassed the Chinese society right up to this century. After the Russian revolution, that the part of Mongolia officially called the Mongolian People’s Republic broke away from China and allied itself with Russia. During the next 70 years Mongolia followed the Russian form of communism. Th ose knowledgeable of Soviet history will have no trouble in following the modern history of Mongolia. The names are different but the policies are similar. The capital of Mongolia is Ulaan Baatar and has a population of about 600,000. The city is on the banks of the Tuul River at an elevation of 1,350 metres and at the foot of the Bogdo Ula which rises about 900 metres over the city. The city was founded in 1649 as a religious centre and later prospered due to the tea route between China and Russia. Ulaan Baatar is the centre of all the important facets of a modern nation. As an economic centre, it produces the traditional products of a pastoral agricultural society mentioned earlier. Its cultural significance is defined by the university, library and religious structures. It is the country’s transportation hub thanks to the presence of the Trans-Mongolian Railway connecting with Russia and China.The Mongolian nation is at a modern crossroads. Its former relationship with Russia has collapsed due to recent events. Trade has to be paid for with hard cash rather than barter and has resulted in trade dropping by over 60%. There are indications that the society is trying to achieve ethnic purity. Their two greatest protagonists, the Russians and the Chinese, have been harassed. Russians have been beaten up on the streets and the Chinese were largely expelled in the 1960’s. The small Chinese population that remains, keeps a low profile while being quite successful as businessmen in the new economy.As a traveler, heading into what appears to be a state in transition be aware of the ancient oriental curse—“May you live in interesting times.” Be careful traveling in the Far East, particularly in those nations that have been dominated be single party politics. These states often have had political police and are suspicious of foreigners. There are people who thoroughly enjoy Mongolia, because of the numerous challenges of traveling in a country so early in its

tourism industry. Others may find the adventure more arduous. Inform yourself before you travel here, get all the books you can and be prepare.BEST OF LUCK. A.W

HUNTING DINOSAURS Thousands, perhaps millions of children are captivated by the knowledge that 65 million years ago and beyond strange creatures roamed a very much different world. Windows to that world are few and far between but one of the best is found in southern Mongolia. The window to the past was opened by the expeditions of Roy Chapman Andrews in 1922,1923 and 1925 ending in 1928. During these years his team located and named Protoceratops andrewsi, Ovirapator philoceratops and the recently popular Velocirapator other fantastic finds were some of the oldest mammal bones ever to be found at that time. Politics and eventually war, including The Cold War ,saw an end to most North American expeditions to the fossil beds bed of Mongolia. However, other expeditions were undertaken during the 1940’s by the Soviet Union, the 1960’ and 70’s by the Polish, the 1980’s by the Canadians and now in the 1990’s by the Americans again. All these expeditions were supported by the Mongolian government of the day and it scientists. The area of significant interest is in southern Mongolia. Most North Americans know the area as the Flaming Cliffs. There are many sites in this region and they are hundreds of miles apart. The Flaming Cliffs is one of the areas in the east and is called Bayn Dzak. Other sites going westward are Tegrugeen Shireh, Khoobor, Tatal Gol, Ukhaa Tolgod, Khulsan, Ultan Ula, Bugin Tsav and Kheerman Tsav. Without a doubt more sites will be discovered here and to the south in northern China. There are many books about hunting dinosaurs in Mongolia a recent good read is Dinosaurs of the Flaming Cliffs by Michael Novacek, 1996. A.W.

TRAVEL INSIDE MONGOLIA Mongolia is a huge country, 1,560,000 sq. km. in area and paved roads are almost non-existent. Unfortunately, writing about travel within an third world country is problematic. I suggest that tourists use the internet the local library and professional travel agencies to advise them of local conditions. A.W.

WARNING REGARDING ROADS The lines purporting to show land communication routes within Mongolia MUST be regarded as unverified data. The map appears to indicate that Mongolia has a highly-developed road network. In reality, almost all the ‘roads’ shown are rutted tracks across the grassland, suitable for the occasional truck or 4x4 that dares to attempt to traverse the undulating prairie. Most of the lines that are parallel to other lines are ‘new’ tracks replacing ‘old’ tracks. Unfortunately, we have no way of knowing which are which; both show equally on aerial mapping. Without driving each track, it is impossible to determine its current status. Furthermore, as each track becomes more intensely used, it deteriorates through non-existent maintenance and spawns a parallel track. As Mongolia develops, a formal road network will come into existence. The only paved roads outside the urban areas are a 60 km stretch south of Ulaan Baator and the road north to Naushki on the Russian border. As one of the truly undeveloped nations, Mongolia remains a remote and largely inaccessible country. Regard these so-called roads with extreme caution. Washboards, collapsed bridges, severe potholes, mud baths, and unmarked dips and fords are common.

DISCLAIMER This map of Mongolia was an experiment in mapping a country using Adobe Illustrator. Researching this map has presented many challenges. Weller cartographic Services has been unable to determine a definite spelling for place names, so would appreciate assistance from travellers and scholars in replacing

errors with more commonly accepted spellings. Similarly, road/track information is unreliable. Existing reference maps are contradictory and incomplete. Does Hasagt (near Altay) really exist without some sort of track to it.? If so, where? Do the roads/tracks shown on this map really end where our available research information indicate? Logic says no, but where do they go? More importantly, do they exist? Are they usable? We are not sure. Please regard this map as a provisional map. It is better than anything else that is available, but we are very conscious of the weaknesses inherent in this map and respectfully request your patience and co-operation in providing details of information that will make this a much better map in its following editions. Corrections and suggested improvements can be sent to the cartographer, Angus Weller at weller@axionet.com or a net search for Angus R. Weller, map-maker.com or travel-media.com) or the address in the copyright notice.

©Weller Cartographic Services Ltd.2960 Cosgrove Crescent,Nanaimo,British Columbia, Canada, V9S 3P8

DUÖRHANGAY

ARHANGAY

TÖV

BULGAN

HÖVSGÖL

SELENGE

HENTIY

SÜHBAATAR

DORNGOVI

DORNOD

DUNDGOVI

ÖMNÖGOVI

BAYANHONGOR

GOVI-ALTAY

HOVD

DZAVHAN

UVS

BAYAN-ÖLGIY

RUSSIA

CHINA

CHINA

RUSSIA CHINA

Unit

Hangal

Orhontuul

Büren Sant

ShaamarDzüünbüren

Tsagaannuur

Bayyangol

Dulaanhaan

Orhon

Ugtaaltsaydam

Dumda Urtaiin Bayshing

Bayan-Agt

Baligiin Hüryee

GurachiniiHüryee

Hutag

Mogod

Dzaama

Jargalant

BatsiimberBornuur

Dzüünharaa

Bayantsogt

Bayanchandmani

Songino

Abdar Bayan Suma

BayanbaraatBüren

Bayantsagaan

Deren

Delgertsgot

Tsagaan-Ovoo

Gurvansayhan

Luusrin Hural

Huld

Tsgt-Ovoo

Oldziyt

Hovsgo

Nalihin Dugang

Bayan OvooNomgom

Buyant-Ovoo

Bayan Dobo Suma

Sayhandulaan

Bayanjargalan

Har-ayragDalanjagalan

Sümber

Sümber Suma

Nilga Suma

Bayanjargalan

Bayanmönh

Darhan

Delgerhaan

Tsenharmandal

Möngönmorit

Yörööhoroo

Yöröö

Ust‘Kiran

Verkhniy Mangirtuy

Chikoy Polkanavo

Bol‘shoy Lug

Bilyutay

Yelan‘

Bichura

Menza Ukyr

Verkhniy Shergol‘dzhin

Arkhangel‘skaye

Maleta

Khonkholoy

Nikol‘sk

Kharauz

Bada

Glinka

Zhiokhegen Khushenge

Engorok Novosaliya

Tanga

Deshulan

Dul‘durga

Taptanay

ChindaleyTokchin

Tut-Khaltuy

Angi

Semiozer‘ye

Bal‘dzhikan

Shumunda

AltanTyrin

Mordoy

Kyra Khapcheranga

Ul‘khun-Partiya

Narasun Ubur-Tokhtor

Ureysk Aksha

Ulacha

Ust‘Ilya

Mogoytuy

Kubukhay

Zabaykal‘sky

Krasnyy Velikan

Klyuchevskoye

Khada-BulakBezrechnaya

Mirnaya

Tsagan-Ola

Ul‘durga

Usugli

Olekan

Olinsk

Zyul‘zyaStaryy Olov

Novoil‘insk

Komsomol‘skove

Ukurey

Verkhnyaya Kuenga

DunayevoZnamenka

Urul‘gaDomna

Verkh-ChitaShishkino

Burgen‘

Tasey

Mukhor-Konduy

Telemba

CHITA

Verkh-Usugli

BurulyatuyKalanguy

Bukuka

Shelopuaino

Burukan

Perednyaya Byrka

BiliktuyUst‘Ozernaya

Margutsek

Kovyli

Soktuy-Milozan

Octyabr‘skiy

Priargunsk

Dosatuy

Talman-Borzya

Bol‘shoy Zerentuy

Tanya

Garnyy Zerentuy

Nerchinskiy Zovod

Gazimurskiy Zovod

Vershino-Shakhtaminskiy

Trubachevo

Olochi

Dono

Kalga

ByrkaShonoktuy

KutugayAlexsandrovskiyZavodKurunzulay

Abagaytuy

Bol‘shevik

BudulanGuney

Chindant Pervyy

Suduntuy

Aginskoye

Mogoytuy

Darasun

Tsokto-Khangil Nikolayevskoye

DoroninskoyeGorekatsan

Arta

Ulety

Drovyanaya

Alaksandrovka

Makkaveyevo

Tyrgetuy

Karon-Darasun

Losnoy Gorodok

Shebartuy Vtoroy

Yaarrikhino

Desinskiy

Shimbilik

Cheremkhove

Kharagun

Mikhaylovka

Petrovsk-Zabaykal‘skiy

TarbagatayBahaga

Noyopavlovka

Krasnyy Chikay

Malyy Kunaley

Novosretenka

Podlopatki

Tsolga

Sharalday

Tamir

Okino-KlyuchiLug

Okino-KlyuchiLug

Bol‘shaya Kudara

Jargolthaan

Mörön

Galshir

Gürentsogt

Bayandelger

Hongor

Haldzan

Ongon

Mönhhaan

Bayanterem

Darhanhaaon

Hondor Suma

Ulaan Dzuleg

Teregen Bayan Süme

Matad

Tamsagbulag

MongotrybaHalhïn Gol

Buhinhashïten Hudag

Moshuu Süme

Jargalant

Erdennetsagaan

Dzotol

Choybalsan

Gurvandzagal

Dashbalbar

Bayandun

Högnö

Tsagaan Ovoo

OnonBayan

Bayan-AdragaBinderBatshireet

Dadal

Chuluunhoroot

Ereentsay

Tümentsgot

Banyan-Ovoo

Buyant

Delgerhet Degereh

Attanshiree

Örgön

Ulaan-uul

Erdene

Ongiin Hudag

Bayanhutag

Hentiy

BerthÖmnödelgerr

Bayan Tsogto Suma

Govi-Ugtaal

DZÜÜNBAYAN

Delgerhangay

Luus

Öldey Delgereh Suma

Tsagaandelger

Shrine ShovaiynJisa

Altanbulag

Lün

Öldziyt

Avdzoga

Hadasan

Dashinchilen

Ondörshireet

Naban Tseriyn Guuiy Hüree

Gurvanbulag

Hanuy

Bugat

Tayhar Bayan Uul

JargalantIn-Uul

Telmen

Ider

Yaruu

JARGALAN

BAYANHONGOR

Chandmani

Otgon

Tayshir

Taygen

Tümen

Hasagt

Bayan

Beger

Hörhöö

Tseel

Suhaytayn Bulag

Chandmoni

Bayan-Öndör

Obooto HuralNoyon

Hürmen

Argalinta Suma

Hanhanger

Bayandalay

Sevrey

Bogd

Guchin-Us

Gunnariyn

Sayhan-Ovoo

Shara Hulasa Hiid

Subatga Hural

Bayantsagaan

Buutsagaan BömbögörBayan-Ovoo

Mandal

Baydrag

DzogBayanbulag

Batsaiin Hüryee

Gurvanbulag

Erdenetsogt

Nariynteel

Nariynteel

Uyanga Dölgöön

Dzüyl

Hujirt

Shanh

Harhorin

Hotont

Öndersant

Bayan-Öndör

Tsogtchandman

Erdenedalay

Sayhan Bayan Suma

Delgerhaan

Bogd

Jinst

Baruun Bayan-Ulaan

Bayan Buuraliin Heryee

Otgon

Erdenehayrhan

Dzavhanmandal

Santmargots

GandanHüryee

Dörvöljin

Tsogtjargalan

Bichgit

Urgamal

TsagaanTolgoynHural

Shine-Ider

BürenhaanSharga

Bayan-Uul

Tudevtey

BayanhayrianDzüünhangay

Öndörhangay

Tsagaanhayrhan

Baruunturuun

Dzüüngovi

Malchin

Dzavhan

Naranbulag

ÖlgiyÖmnögovi

BurgaasataynÖrtöö

Tariglan

TürgenTogos EülteynHüryee

Sagil

Tsagaannuur

Oygor

AltantsögtsSagsay

Buyant

Tolbo

Manhan

Bezar Köl Suma

Bayan-Enger

Öndör-Ulaan

Rashaant

Hayrhan

Han-Oyuut

Erdenemandal

Erdenebulgan

Tünel

Dzürh

TsagaanBurgaasaniiHüryee

Tsagaan-Üür

Chandmani-Öndör

Rinchinlhümbe

Bayondzürh

Eringiin Dugang

JargalantTsetserleg

Tuulant

Yiho Hujirtayn Hüryee

Rashaant

Altay

Bij Altay

Bij Tonhil

Darri

Gobi Honin Jsa Hudag

HATGAL

NALAYH

SÜHBAATAR

BULGAN

Tsakir

Utata

Sanaga

Yengorboy

VyarinoBaykal‘sk

Tibel‘tiBaykal

Tankhoy

Tashir

Nur-Tukhun

DzhidaDyrestuy

Ust‘KyakhtaKhoronkhoyBotsiy

Petropavlovka

Inzagatuy

Borgoy

Khargalanta

Novoselenginsk

Gusinpozersk

Kharat

Kharazargay BayandayOl‘zony

Kosaya Step

Yelantsy

Kurtun

Meget

Kheyta

Tal‘yany

Zelenyye Gorki

Bugul‘deyka

KudaraKoma Unegetey

Zaigravevo

Novaya BryanIl‘ka

Novoil‘isnk

Tarbagaray

Khorinsk

Bulogansk

Konda

Sokhondo

Mogzon

Isinga

Sosnovo Ozerskoye

Komsomol‘skoye

Novokizhinginsk

KizhingaMogsokhon

Zagustay

Oyboni

UdinskTataurovoFofonovaBol‘shoyeKolesovo

Kika

Turka

Oymur

Bol‘shoyeGoloustnoye

MetoyeGoloustnove

Podkamennaya

Khomutovo

Shamanko

Belyy KlyuchVvedenskoye

TayurkaMikhaylovkaKas‘yanovka

Tel‘ma

Bol‘shaya Rechka

Kyren

Mondy

Gargana

Kungurtag

Chirgalandy

NarynErzin

Bay-Dag

Chagay

Bert-Dag

Khol‘Oozhu

Ush-Bel‘dir

Sorok

Orlik

Chazylar

Adyr-kezhig

Oyna

Okchary

Uzhep-AksyErzhey

Cherbi

KundustugBoyarovka

Saryg-Sep

Tselinnoye

Bay Khak

Cheder

Seserlig

Arzhaan

Verhneusinskoye

IdzhimKhut Sevi

EzhimChaakol

El‘ BazhiKara-TalBayan-Kol

Ust‘ Elegest

Bel‘beyBuren-Bay-Khaak

Vladimirovka

ShuurmakSamagaltay

Ak-Erik

Chal-Kezhig

Shara-Sur

Ust-Buren

ElegestKak

Torgalyg

Aryg-BazhyAryg-Uzyu

Bulun-TerekAk-Durug

Bazhyn-AlaakChyrao- Bazhy

Kuzhe-Baza

Kara-Khol‘Katu-Yaryk

Chodro

Yazula

Balyktuyul‘Kyzyl-Mazhalyk

Aldyn-BulakTeeli

Bay-Tal

Mugur-Aksy

Kyzyl-Khaya

Tashanta

KokoryaTebeler

Ortopyk

Chibit

Bel‘ti

Ergi-BarlykAyangaty

Khondelen

Karatoshskaya Zastava

Ak-Tal

Khara Khuzhar

Mol‘to

Borogol

Tory

Bystraya

Zun-Adag

Khamney

Mikhaylovka

Nizhnly

Torey

Oyer

ZAKAMENSK

BAYANGOL

SLYUDYANKAKULTUK

SELENDUMA

NAUSHKI

KYAKHTA

GUSINOYE OZERO

ONOKHOY

KHILOK

KABANSK

URIKZHARDOVNIK

MISHELEVKA

OYER

SVIRSK

UST‘ORDYNSKIY

SHELEKHOV

BABUSHKIN

KYZYL

TURAN

CHADAN

DON-TEREZIN

UST‘ULAGAN

KOSH AGACH

AK-DOVURAK

KHOVU-AKSY

SHAGONAR

OLOVYANNAYA

KARYMSKOYE

SHARANCHA

BALEY

SHILKASHILKA

NERCHINSK

SRETENSKVERSHINO-DARASUNSKIY

PERVOMAYSKIY

MAN‘KOV

MANKECHUR

ASIL‘YEVSKIY KHUTOR

BORZYA

KRANSNOKAMENSK

IRKUTSK

USOL‘YE SIRIRSKOYE

ULAN-UDE

ANGARSK

Han-min-chuang

Sarbulak

Ertai

Yü-an-hu

Jiangjunmiao

Tung-ch‘eng-k‘ou

Wu-lan-wu-suDashitou

Qijiaojing

Shih-ch‘üan-tzu

Ao-erh-t‘ang

Ta-shih-t‘ou

Qiktim

Yiwanquan

Ta-tzu-ch‘üan

Yen-tun

Shankou

Ya-man-su

Weiya

Yao-chan-tzu

Lo-t‘o-chüan-tzu

Ch‘in-ch‘eng

Mogoy

Lu-ts‘ao-kou Ha-la-shan-tan

Gongpoquan

Yeh-ma-chieh

Jiangjuntai

Yeh-ma-chingShibanjing

Lü-yüan

Pao-lu-wu-lo

Hung-liu-ko-ta

Sai-han-t‘ao-lai Ha-ta-t‘u Ta-lan-k‘a-pu

Cha-kan-ch‘a-chi

Po-pu-leng-hai

Tui-fu-ch‘un-kung-chungChien-li-miao

T‘ung-i-lung

Hu-tun-pu-lung

Pai-yen-hua

Hai-liu-t‘u

Tung-tao-la-hu-tung

K‘uo-lun-tien-li-su

Ch‘uan-ching

Ta-chi

Man-ta-la

Tergetiin Yihe

Wu-lan-su-mu-ho

Ta-ma-wang-miaa

Ha-le

Wu-lan-hua

Shaiin Süme

Shara Mörön Süme

Kung-chi-t‘ang-ti

T‘umu-erh-t‘ai

Hsin-pao-li-ko Loa-wang-miaoPei-lai-k‘a

Te-yen-ch‘ing-miaso

Kung-huiTa-tai-tzu-kou

K‘ung-chia-chuang

Kao-chia-ying

Han-k‘a-la-wa-su-muYeh-lieh

Po-erh-pei

No-erh-tu-kou-soCha-chia-ho-so

T‘un-k‘an-tui-ts‘un

Sai-han-t‘a-la

Hsi-li

Chu-jih-her

Wen-tu-erh-miaoP‘en-k‘o-wu-su

Ho-lao-ko-miao

T‘a-lai-chu-lung-su-mu

Wu-jih-yin-t‘a-la

Hu-ho-t‘ao-li-kai-miao Sha-erh-hu-tu-k‘o

Pai-yin-wu-la

Man-tu-la-t‘u

Hsin-hao-t‘e

Pa-yin-fo-k‘o

Pa-yin-su-mu

Ch‘a-han-su-mu

Hung-ko-erh

Lin-po-nit‘o

Kun-she-an-ta-an-su-mu

Tai-la-ma-su-mo

Qagan Nur

Ho-li-t‘u-su-mu

Wen-kung-huo-lo-erh-su-mu

Yu-sung-ko-erh

Qog Ul

Bayan Ul Hot

T‘o-i-lu-mu-yeh-la

Huqid Wanggin SumBayanbulag

Mi-sung-miao

Dashuiboluo

Ha-ko-mo-ssu-su-mu

Erh-lien-hao-t‘e

Wu-un-no-erh-su-ma

Pai-ying-miao

Baochang

Xiaohezi

Habiga

PingdingbuDatan

Xiaochang

Dushikou

Yunzhou

Chicheng

Longguan

Dongmao

Paisoa

Tuchengzi

Dage

Tanghekou

Hushiha

Erdaoying

Bugugau

Banijieta

Sijiazi

Tianyi

XiaochengziDayingzi

Yu-nan-ying-tzu

T‘ou-pa-huo

Ch‘uan-hsin-tien

Chang-hua-lin

GuangdegongXiwopu

Diyantu

HailsJo-she-la

Daban

Julqin

Subrag

Deyansuma

Unegt

Han Ul

Dut-Nur

Ulgai

Wu-erh-chi-ts‘un Holoboo Hushuu

Lubei

T‘a-li-pao-li-k‘a

Ma-la-k‘aHoroo

K‘u-lung-shan

Tul Mod

Kai-fa-t‘un

Hsin-an-t‘un

Hsin-an-t‘un

Ha-la-pa-la-t‘un

Man-chou

Wuchagou

Ha-ma-k‘o-tsa

Handgai

Chaor

T‘ien-ni-no-ts‘un

Orqanan

Xin Bulag Dong

Jabhlangt

Adun Qulu

Yimin

Monggon Qulu

Bayan Tohoi

Bayan Hure

Xabart

Na-chi

ShangkuliLabudalin

Yuanlin

Keyihe

Jinlin

Dalaigou

Hargant

Jalai Nur

Wu-ku-no-erh

Hai-min-ts‘ai-mu

Tul Mod

Nudam

T‘ai-pa-a-li

Pai-ch‘ati

Lingdong

T‘an-chia-wan

Erh-tao-ying-tzu

Pai-yin-p‘ao-tzu

Chiu-ching

Hsing-lung-ts‘un

Hongshan

Pai-yin-pan-kou-men

Jing peng

Ch‘ang-sheng-kou-men

T‘ao-lai-t‘u

Nailin

Liu-chia

Heishui

Shin-ta-fen

SanzuodianDachengzi

Longhua

Luanhe

Liugou

Gushanzi

Xiabancheng

Qinglong

Mutoudeng

Sihedang

Dachengzi

Heshangfangzi

Gubeikou

Zhongguan

Dund Hot

Pao-le-ken-t‘ao-haiChao-nai-men-su-mu

Sain Hudag

Hsia-wo-p‘u-ho-tungYü-chia-tien

Yudaokou

Shih-men-tzu

Bayan Gol

Cha-ko-ssu-t‘ai

Chia-kan-no-erh

La-erh-han-su-mu

Sai-han-wu-li-chiCh‘e-le t‘u-miaa

Ch‘a-kan-wu-su

Hsing-hoCh‘i-hsia-ying

K‘o-pu-erh

Chiao-t‘ang-ti

Nan-hao-ch‘ien

Ta-ch‘ing-kou

Ch‘a-han-ao-pao

Tsagaan Bulag Ayr

WU YÜAN

PALYÜN-O-PO

PAI-LING-MIAO

SHANG-TU

DUOLUN

LINGYUAN

CHIFENG

CH‘A-HAN-NAO-ERH

ULIASTAI

XILINHOT

CHANG-PEI

WAN-EH‘ÜAN

HUA-TE

K‘ANG-PAO

Lao-hsi-miao

Ts‘un-ching-ch‘a-nu-tou-erh-ti-fang

Shibanjing

Yiwu

Quinshan

Fan-fang-kou

Santanghu

K‘o-lao-erh-ou-la-k‘oShih-wu-li-chuang-tzu

Hung-liu-ho

Hongliuyuan

Yao-chan-tzu

Ma-ling-ching

Ta-ch‘üan-tzu-chingLIUYUAN

ShisanjianfangSan-chien-fang

Ai-ai-ssu

Sheng-chin-t‘ai

Ssu-shih-li-tunSan-hsi

Ts‘ai-tsu-ti

Loa-chun-miao

Chih-fang

K‘o-k‘t‘o-hai

Ha-Ja-ch‘un-k‘o

Karatünggü

Wu-li-ya-ssu-t‘ai

Qinghe

ALTAY

FUYUN

MORI

BARKOL

LIUSHUQUAN

SHANSHAN

AMGALANG

ALTAN EMEL

MANZHOLIMIANDUNE

ERGUI ZUOQI

TULINE

YETULIHEGEN HE

DEBUR

BUGT

QITAI

HAMI

CHI-NING

CHANG-CHIA-K‘OU

CHENGDE

HSÜAN-HUA

YAKESHI

HAILAR

ULIASTAY

HOVD

ULAANGOM

ÖLGIY

ALTAY

TSETSERLEG

MÖRÖN

BULGAN

ARVAYHEER

DALANDZADGAD

SAYNSHAND

MANDALGOVI

DZUUNMOD

DARHAN

CHOYBABAN SUMA

ÖNDÖRHAAN

BARUUN-URT

ULAAN BAATAR(ULAN BATOR)

87° 52°N 90° 93° 96° 99° 53°N 102° 105° 108° 111° 114° 117° 120° 52°N

51°

50°

49°

48°

47°

46°

45°

44°

43°

42°

41°

117°114°111°108°105°102°99°96°93° 41°N 41°N

123°53°N

OzeroTeletskoye

UusNuur

Tesiyn Gol

Tesiyn Gol

Shishid Gol

Tes-Khem

HyargasNuur

OrögNuur

Hovd G

ol

AchitNuur

HorgonNuur

DayanNuur

HavasNuur

Ulungar He

Hüngüy GolHarNuur

Sang‘ynDalayNuur

Telman Nuur

HövsgölNuur

OzeroBaykal

Tsöh Gol

Tuul

Gol

Haruuhï

n Gol

Tuul

Gol

DörgönNuur

Dzayhan Gol

Beger Nuur

Bayd

rag

Gol

Tüyn

Gol

Orhon Gol

Ongiyn Gol

Hoyt Tamir Gol

Bööntsagaan Nuur

TsagaanNuur

Chulysh

man

Bashkaus Böh Mörön Gol

Sögoongiyn

Hovd G

ol

Hangiltsag Gol

OrogNuur

UlaanNuur

Ka-shunNor Erh

Su-KuNor Erh

Wu-chia Ho

Delger Mörön

Selenge Mörön

YahinGovi

OzeroBarun-Torey

OzeroZun-Torey

Onon

Ingod

a

Khilok

Selen

ga

Selenga

Chikoy

Uda

Uldz G

ol

Onon Gol

Hu-lunHu

Shika

Ken Ho

Argu

nO

-erh-k

u-no

Ho

BuyrNuur

Halhin Gol

Chi-lui Ho

KURAYSKIY

KHREBET

ALTAI MOUNTAINS

PEI-T’A SHAN

TURGEL UUL

KHREBET SENGILEN

ULAA

N T

AYG

A

HORDIL S

ARIDAG KHREBET K

HAMAR-DABAN

BÜTEE

LIYN N

URUU

BÜRENGIYN NURU

U

HENTIY

N NURU

U

BULNAYN NURUU

TEREKTINSKIY

KHREBET

(physical detailincomplete)

KHREBET VOSTOCHNYY TANNU OLIA

BÜSHAYRHAN

TAHIYN SHAR NUUR AJ BOGD UUL

ATAS BOGD

TSAGAAH BOGD UUL

EDRENGIYN NURUU

TAYSHIRÏN UUL

BAYAN TSAGAAN UULIH BOGD UUL

ARIS BOGD UUL

HASAGT HAYRHAN

UUL

HANGHÖHIY UUL

BAGABOGD UUL

TOST UUL

NEMEGT UUL

GOVI ALTAYN NURUU

G O B I D E S E R T

I N N E R M O N G L I A N P L A T E A U

DARIGAN

GÏN

TALARHAG GAZAR

MENENGIJN TAL

EREE

N OAV

AANI N

URUU

MALKHANSKIY KHREBET

KHREBET

ULAN-BURGASY

BORSHCHOVOCHNYY KHREBET

TA-H

SIN

G-A

N L

ING

•(Dinosaur Excavations)Gobi Desert Camp

TRANS

MONGOLIAN

RAILWAY

WALL

WALL

OF

GHENGISKHAN

WALLS IN RUINS

GREAT WALLOF CHINA

WALL OF GHENGIS KHAN

KARAKORUM•

LEGEND

Government Embassy Education Transportation Hotels Sites of Interest Railway

0 250 500

metres© Weller Cartographic

Services Ltd.

ULAAN BAATAR(ULAN BATOR)

Race Track

SwimmingPoolSanatorium

Stadium

Circus

Railway Station

to Airp

ort and

Indust

rial

area

Drama Theatre

Foreign Ministry Ulaan BaatarMuseum

Palace of Sport

University

Sukh-BaatarSquare

Bookstore

Theatre

RevolutionaryMuseum

ArtsMuseum

ManduhaiHotel

Shur YurtHotel

GandanMonastery

GesperTemple

Mrgjed JanraiSegu Temple

Central BankMIAT Airlines

GovernmentPalace

Hospital

Lenin Monument

AlyaiHotel

Zaluuchuud Hotel

Ulaan BaatarHotel

BritishEmbassy

U.S.Embassy

PolishEmbassy

ChineseEmbassy

Genghis KhanHoliday Inn

Soviet Embassy

GermanEmbassy

Post Office

TV Centre

Acadamy of Scienceand Library Choyjin Lama Temple

Wedding PalaceNatsagdori Memorial

Exhibition Hall

Bayangol Hotel

Soviet TankMonument

Winter PalaceMuseum ofBogd-Khan

Big Ring

Smal

l Rin

g

Small Ring

University

St.

Big Ring

Big

Ring

Big

Ring

Shum

yatsh

i St.

Constitu

tioni St.

Gagarin

St.Hhasbaatar St.

Big Ring

Big Ring

Gorhi Ave.

Peace Ave.

Peace Ave.

October St.

Sambuu St.

Sambuu St.

Lenin Ave.

40 Year October St.

Leni

n A

ve.

Engel

sA

ve.

Marx

Ave.

MONGOLIA

1:3,000,000Lambert Conformal Conic Projection

Hypsometric tint for altitude in metres

Capital Provincial Capital Major Urban Area Minor Urban Area Population over 100,000 Population 30,000-100,000 Population 10,000-30,000 Population under 10,000

Railways Motor Highways and Roads Main Roads (probably fair-weather road or track)

Other roads (probably poor quality road or track)

International Boundaries Provincial Boundaries

Airports with hard surface of 900 metres

Heights in metres

Sites of Interest Ancient Walls

0

300-600 600-1,200 1,200-2,000 2,000-3,0000-300 3,000-4,000

0 50 100 150 200 250 miles

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 kilometres

in depressionsonly

Shaamar

KYAKHTA

DARHAN

ULAAN BAATAR

•KARAKORUM

+4374

+4374

3994+

3804+

+3776

+3850

+3752

4109+

+4353

THE REGIONAL GUIDE AND MAPOF

Mongolia

Mongolia

Weller 13101

WELLER CARTOGRAPHIC SERVICES LTD.’S

Other Asian titles created byWeller Cartographic Services Ltd. are

Tokyo, Shanghaiand Beijing

for more information onWeller Cartographic Services Ltd. and our

products visit our store on the World Wide Web atwww.mapmatrix.com

e-mail us at weller@axion.netor write or call us at

2960 Cosgrove Crescent,Nanaimo,

British Columbia, Canada,V9S 3P8

Publisher’s enquires accepted.

Mountain High Maps™Copyright © 1993 Digital Wisdom, Inc.additional painting by Weller Cartographic Services Ltd.

Ruo

Shui

Huang He

Chang Jiang

Gan

Hong

Mekong

Salw

een

Song

hua

Amur

Kerulen

Yu Jiang

CHINA

INDIA

BURMA

THAILAND

LAOS

VIETNAM

MACAU HONG KONG

PHILIPPINES

TAIWAN

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

MONGOLIA

RUSSIA

Hamhung

Xining

Lanzhou

Yinchuan

Irkutsk

Kyakhta

Ulaanbaatar

Blagoveshchensk Khabarovsk

Qiqihar

Harbin Mudanjiang

VladivostokJilinChangchun

Ch’ongjinTonghuaFushun

Jinzhou

ShenyangAnshan

WonsanP’yongyang

SeoulInch’onTaegu

Kwangju

Dalian

Chifeng

Choybalsan

Saynshand

Baotou Beijing Tianjin

ShijiazhuangWeihai

Qingdao Taiyuan

Jinan Zibo

Tai’an

Zaozhuang Zhengzhou

LuoyangXuzhou

Chengdu

Xi’an

Yichang

Leshan Chongqing

Luzhou

Xiaguan

Kunming

Guiyang

Changsha

Hengyang

Wuhan

HuainanNanjing Nantong

Shanghai

Shaoxing

Hangzhou

WenzhouShangrao

NanchangLinchuan

Nanping FuzhouTaipei

Kaohsiung

XiamenZhangzhouLiuzhou

Guangzhou Shantou

Kowloon

Aparri

Vigan

Zhanjiang

Haikou

Nanning

Pingxiang

Haiphong

Vinh

Gejiu

Hanoi

Louang Prabang

Lashio

Chiang Mai

Vientiane

105°

50°

110° 120°

40°

100° 110°

115°

20°

120°

45°

35°

30°

25°

105°

30°

35°

40°

45°

115°

125° 130°

20°

25°

100°95° 135°

Tropic of Cancer

Although every effort has been made to ensure that the information contained in this map is up to date and accurate, the author and publisher can accept no liability for the consequence of any

mistake or error in content or representation.We would gratefully receive information concerning errors or omissions. Please contact the

publisher with changes.