Welcome to the Industrial Revolution• A period of huge production in goods that led to decreased prices

and therefore more affordable living conditions• Economies boomed due to high populations (large work forces)• Cities soon became ideal places for factories• Cities were where wealth was centralized• Improved peoples' daily lives • Transportation and technology improvements connected us and

the world.• Jobs - Factories in the major cities created hundreds of

thousands of jobs, expanded the cities, attracted immigrants by the millions and forever changed the landscape of the country, especially in the Northeast.

It was also a period of…• A period of rampant pollution• Child labor (yes, you would be working and not here)• Overcrowding due to mushrooming population growth• Gradual elimination of the rural “worker” • Urbanization• Tenement living• Lack of sanitation (we’re talking toilets people!)• Disease• Dangerous working conditions• Hiring of women – not because they’re pretty, but because they

were cheap• Depletion of natural resources • Cheers!

CHAPTER 25The Industrial Revolution

1700-1900Learning Goal: Students will be able to accurately detail the birth place or, the reasons for and the results of the Industrial Revolution as well as connect this historical event to our world today.Video Lecture: Mr. Cass will generate short response questions from this introductory lecture: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wrmax07bxyQ

GREAT INVENTORS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1750-1850 The Enclosure Movement• English farmers had raised crops and grazed their animals on open fields for centuries. • During the late 17th century, English landowners began buying up village lands and fencing them in. • They then charged people for the use of the land. This was known as enclosure.

CHARLES TOWNSHEND

• Fallow fields: let earth lie fallow (dormant) every two or three years. – During those years, nothing was

planted on the land.• Charles Townshend: Crop

rotation• This was done by planting a

different crop each year. • Ex: wheat or corn would wear

out the land, turnips or clover would restore the field.

Jethro Tull• Jethro Tull was one of the first scientific farmers. • The SEED DRILL: allowed farmers to sow seeds

in well-spaced rows at specific depths. • When his invention was used, a larger share of

the seeds germinated. • As a result, crop yields increased even more.• What may be an effect of more food?

TEXTILES• The Textile Revolution: The

Industrial Revolution first took hold in Britain’s largest industry – textiles.

• Most important crops, or textiles (a woven or knit cloth) was cotton.

• Cotton was used for everything from clothing to sails for ships.

• The “putting-out”– Raw cotton was handed out to peasant

families who spun it into thread and wove it into cloth.

– Was very slow

THE FLYING SHUTTLE• In 1733, John Kay

made a shuttle that moved back and forth on wheels.

• The flying shuttle, allowed a weaver to work twice as fast.

THE SPINNING JENNY 1764: spinners could not keep up with the weavers,

James Hargreaves invented a new spinning wheel. Spinning "Jenny"

Allowed a worker to spin 6 or 8 threads at a time. Later models could spin as many as 80 threads.

Spinners using the Jenny worked in the world’s first FACTORIES

Cotton Gin

• Eli Whitney (USA)• Speeds process of

removing seeds from raw cotton

• American cotton production soars

• Results?

WATERFRAME• In 1769 Richard Arkwright

invented the Water Frame. – used water from a near-by

stream to produce power that operated spinning wheels.

• Result: Spinning could be done by a machine instead of a person, so owners could spin more cotton.

• Effects?

JAMES WATT• “I have at my disposal what the whole world demands, something

which will uplift civilization more than ever by relieving man of all undignified drudgery. I have steam power.” Matthew Boulton, James Watt’s financial partner.

• James Watt : repair man for Thomas Newcomen (originator of steam engine)

• Watt improves Newcomen’s engine • Watt’s produces four times as much power from the

same amount of coal. • Watt’s engine would become a key power of the

Industrial Revolution.

RAILROAD• Richard Trevithick (1804)

hauls tons of iron for nearly ten miles using a steam driven locomotive

• 1829: George Stephenson, developed a locomotive called the "Rocket."

• Revolutionizes transportation in Europe and the United States

• Effects? Results?