Welcome to the 2011 Air ToxicsWelcome to the 2011 Air ToxicsMonitoring & Data Analysis Workshop

April 4-7, 2011Dallas, Texas

Overview of the Workshopp

Monday - Training Sessions2005 NATA2005 NATAHow to develop a successful air toxics monitoring project

Today – Overview / Big Picture IssuesAir Toxics StrategyNATTSBP Oil SpillRegions, States, Locals, TribesFuture of Air Toxics Discussion*Future of Air Toxics Discussion

Wednesday – Technical SessionsSpecific topicsBreakout sessions from Future discussion

Thursday – Panels & report outsOil & Gas, MercuryFuture discussion report out and next steps

Air Toxics Strategy Air Toxics Strategy Ai T i St t t P t tAi T i St t t P t tAir Toxics Strategy Air Toxics Strategy to Protect Communitiesto Protect Communities

Air Toxics Strategy to Protect Air Toxics Strategy to Protect CommunitiesCommunities

Office of Air and Office of Air and RadiationRadiation

September 27, 2010September 27, 20103

We have an opportunity to improve the way we address air toxic emissions way we address air toxic emissions impacting communities . . .

The Air Toxics ProblemThe Air Toxics ProblemToxic air pollutants cause or are suspected of causing cancer, birth defects, reproductive effects and other serious health problems. Toxic emission sources are often clustered in urban areas and areas already facing other air quality challengesareas already facing other air quality challenges.

Low income, minority, and indigenous populations often bear a disproportionate share of the health impacts.

Our Strategy to Address the Problem:Targets priority categories of emission sources;

All EPA t i t l f th i b d bli h lth Allows EPA to regain control of the issue based on public health concerns, rather than by court-ordered schedules driven by lawsuits; and

Brings to bear a wide array of regulatory, monitoring, public

4

g y g y, g, poutreach and enforcement tools.

Air Toxics with Greatest Risks NationallyThe air toxics* with the greatest risks from inhalation include:The air toxics* with the greatest risks from inhalation include:

Acrolein (mobile sources, combustion, open burning)Arsenic (combustion, non-ferrous metal production, iron and steel, incineration, mobile sources)Benzene (mobile sources, combustion, oil and gas production and distribution, petroleum refining and distribution)1,3-Butadiene (mobile sources, chemical manufacturing, petroleum refining and distribution)Chlorine (primary magnesium refining, incineration, combustion) Chromium, hexavalent (electroplating, non-ferrous metal production, iron and steel, mobile

)sources)Coke Oven Emissions (iron and steel)Diesel exhaust (mobile sources)Formaldehyde (mobile sources, combustion, plywood, pulp and paper, oil and gas production and distribution)distribution)Hydrogen Chloride (combustion, incineration)Manganese (iron and steel, non-ferrous metal production, combustion)Perchloroethylene (dry cleaning, solvent use)Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM) (mobile sources open burning combustion incineration)Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM) (mobile sources, open burning, combustion, incineration)

The greatest risks from non-inhalation pathways occur when air toxics deposit from the air, persist in the environment, and contaminate food we eat. These include:

Di i (b k d b i i i ti l t i tiliti )

5

Dioxins (backyard burning, incineration, electric utilities)Mercury (coal combustion, Portland cement, incineration, mining)

* Source: National Air Toxics Assessment (NATA).

Other Air Toxics Concerns…

Cumulative effects Synergistic effectsNew chemicalsChemicals that have not been assessedSensitive subpopulations (e.g., children, ld l )elderly)

6

Current “Regulatory” Tools to Reduce Air ToxicsReduce Air Toxics

Tools for stationary sources (contribute 16% to exposure)*to exposure)*

MACTResidual risk and technology reviewsgyUrban Air Toxics StrategyPermits (Title V and PSD/NSR)

Other programs:State implementation plansp pCommunity-focused grant programs (e.g., CARE)

7*Draft 2005 NATA predicts the average cancer risk to an individual in the U.S. is 50 in a million. Background emissions contribute 21%, secondary transformation contributes 42%, and mobile sources contribute 21% to exposure.

Other Tools that Improve Public Awareness of Air ToxicsAwareness of Air Toxics

Emissions MonitoringGreater use of established remote measurement approaches (e.g., optical fence line monitoring DIAL)fence line monitoring, DIAL)Continuation of emerging remote measurement technology development

Public TransparencyE i i i t i ( N ti l E i i I t T i R l Emission inventories (e.g., National Emissions Inventory, Toxics Release Inventory)Rule requirements for electronic submission of compliance data

Neighborhood MonitoringNeighborhood MonitoringCommunity-scale Air Toxics Monitoring Grant Program

Implementationd h h fImprove community capacity and awareness through conferences, training,

websites, webinars, newsletters, etc.

Enforcement

8

Use monitoring to identify at-risk communities and specific emissions sourcesObtain injunctive relief where violations are found

… and we have a strategy to use the tools.

Target priority categories of emission sources

Utilize a more cost-effective “sector-based” approach to rulemaking

Reduce pollution in

iti

Reduce air toxics through voluntary programs

Improve d t ll ti d id b tt communitiesImprove data collection and provide better information to the public through monitoring and national assessments

Provide tools to help comm nities and othe Provide tools to help communities and other stakeholder participate in rulemaking.

Coordinate compliance and enforcement efforts

9

ptowards priority sectors and areas of concern

Target: Stationary Sources Priority Sectors

Petroleum refiningIron & SteelCh i l M f iChemical ManufacturingUtilitiesNon utility BoilersNon-utility BoilersOil & GasPortland CementPortland Cement

Emissions from all of these sectors disproportionately affect minority communities communities

10

Target: Mobile Source SectorMobile sources contribute 21% to exposure*

Mobile source toxics strategyMobile source toxics strategyTighter standards for new light-duty vehicles and fuels (Tier 3)Implementation of recent standards (including vehicle air toxics standards (MSAT)) for all mobile source sectors Diesel retrofit and reduced idling including targeted EJ Diesel retrofit and reduced idling, including targeted EJ actions and ports/goods movement efforts;Near-roadway information and planning tools for communities; andLead from aviation gasolineLead from aviation gasoline.

*Draft 2005 NATA predicts the average cancer risk to an individual in the U.S. is 50 in a million. Background emissions contribute 21%, major sources contribute 16% and secondary transformation contributes 42% to exposure.

11

to exposure.

Utilize: Multi-pollutant Rulemaking

Common sense coordination

OAR will take advantage of the Utilities

Examples

OAR will take advantage of the natural overlap of certain air toxics and criteria pollutant rules and coordinate the development and implementation of MACT and NSPS

Utility Strategy will allow a coordinated approach to MACT, NSPS and the Clean Air Transport Rulep

where it makes sense.Many air toxics are also particles or volatile organic compounds (VOC).

Coordinating MACT

Air Transport Rule

Cement Coordinating development of the MACT and NSPS. Reducing toxic HCl emissions results in huge Coordinating MACT

development for specific source categories with other rules can:

HCl emissions results in huge reductions in SO2, which will satisfy NSPS.

Refineries & Chemical PlantsOAR is pursuing a reduce rulemaking costs;

provide more certainty and lower costs for industry;simplify implementation for states,

OAR is pursuing a coordinated approach with OECA to reduce multi-pollutant

12

local, and tribal agencies; andenhance cost-effective approaches.

pemissions from flares & leaks

Coordinate: OAR, ORD and OECA work together to address Air Toxic Emissions affecting

communities

OARId tif d t •Identify data gaps

•Develop monitoring protocols•Analyze data•Assess risks•Develop control strategies•Develop regulations ORD

•Pollutant toxicologyMulti pollutant risks

OECA

•Multi-pollutant risks•Exposure models•Monitoring technologies•Control technologiesOECA

•Fence line targeting•Emissions testing•Enforcement

g

13

•Injunctive relief•Coordinate with DOJ, States

Reduce, Improve, Provide:Other Actions that Focus on Communities

Revive Community-Scale Air Toxics Grant ProgramRelease 2005 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment and integrate criteria pollutant date in 2011and integrate criteria pollutant date in 2011NO2 Monitoring program to evaluate health impacts on communities near roadwaysImprove air toxics emission inventoriesImprove air toxics emission inventoriesTarget Community Action for a Renewed Environment (CARE) grants to address toxics in overburdened communitiesoverburdened communitiesNational Clean Diesel Campaign and voluntary programs to reduce diesel emissionsT l f S h l (i d i )Tools for Schools (indoor air)

With all that…What is the future of Air Toxics?of Air Toxics?

What are your concerns?Where should we focus our limited resources?Wh t ff t h b t ff ti ?What efforts have been most effective?Future discussion on air toxics:

Brainstorming session todayBrainstorming session todayBreakout to discuss major issues tomorrowReport out on Thursdayp yLater response with actions and timelines we can address

“Think left and think right and Think left and think right and think low and think high. Oh, the thinks you can think up if only you try! “Dr. Seuss