Welcome to IHE Geography :Welcome to IHE Geography :Geography of FoodGeography of Food

Semester 2Semester 2

Teacher : Mrs Ruth ANN-LOHOffice : Main Staffroom, Level 2 (Above GO)Tel : 64651073Email: ruthannsfms@gmail.comMSN : ruthannhci@live.comFB : Ruth ANN LOH

Geography of Food• Introduction to food consumption, production

and distribution• 1. Housekeeping/syllabus• 2. Types of farming system/agricultural

economy• 2.1 arable, pastoral, mixed farming• 2.2 subsistence & commercial faming• 2.3 sedentary and nomadic (migratory)• 2.4 extensive and intensive farming• 2.5 Case studies – MEDC and LEDCCase studies – MEDC and LEDC• 3. World farming types and distribution

Farming is an industry and operates like other industries. It is a system with:

INPUTS:INPUTS:

These are what go into a farm and can be divided into physical, human and

economic inputs.

PROCESSES:PROCESSES: These are the

activities on the farm which turn the inputs into

outputs.

OUTPUTS:OUTPUTS: These are the products of

the farm. If the farm is to make a profit the value of the

outputs should be greater than that of

the inputs.

Farming systemFarming system

Inputs

labour

capital

seeds

animals

fertilisers

pesticides

Processes

ploughing

sowing

spraying

adding fertiliser

harvesting

grazing

milking

Outputs

wheat

potatoes

barley

seeds

crop waste

milk

hides

wool

eggsprofit

Geography of Food

-IPO for short

The Farmer is very important and is the The Farmer is very important and is the DECISION-MAKER.DECISION-MAKER.

Each individual farmers decision on what crops to grow or animals to rear, and which methods to use to maximise output, depends on an UNDERSTANDING of the most favourable physical and economic conditions for the farm.

Sometimes, the farmer may have several choices and so the decision may depend upon individual likes and expertise. On other occasions the choice may be limited by extreme physical conditions or economic or political pressures.

Farming can be classifiedby Inputs, Processes or Outputs

Farming can be classifiedby Inputs, Processes or Outputs

ARABLE, PASTORALARABLE, PASTORALor MIXEDor MIXED

INTENSIVE orINTENSIVE or EXTENSIVEEXTENSIVE

SUBSISTENCE or SUBSISTENCE or COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL

What are the different types of farming?What are the different types of farming?

ArablePastoral

CommercialSubsistence

Concentrates on rearing of animals.

Only grows crops e.g. arable farms in East Anglia.

Mixed Mixed Farming:Farming:

Grows crops and rears animals

Producing food only to feed themselves and their families. In LEDC’s most farming is subsistence.

Farmers grow crops and rear animals to sell in order to make a profit. In MEDC’s most farming is commercial.

Extensive Intensive

Where the farm size is very large compared

with either the amount of money spent on it

or the number of people working there.

Where the farm is small in size compared to the numbers working there or the amount of money spent on it, ie have high inputs of labour or capital (money) in order to achieve high outputs per hectare or yield.

SEDENTARY: Settlement is permanent and the landscape is farmed every year.

NOMADICNOMADIC

Nomadic farmers move around to find fresh pasture for animals or new plots of land to cultivate.

In a nutshell for IPO :In a nutshell for IPO :

Recap : Recap : What does IPO stand for?What does IPO stand for?

Classification by INPUTClassification by INPUT

• INTENSIVE farming – high levels of input producing a high yield per hectare.Examples include, arable farming in East Anglia, England and rice farming in South East Asia.

• EXTENSIVE farming – low levels of input producing a low yield per hectare.Example, sheep farming in North Wales

Classification by PROCESSES Classification by PROCESSES Arable vs. PastoralArable vs. Pastoral

Arable

Growing and harvesting of crops

Pastoral

Specialise in rearing of animals

Mixed

Both pastoral and arable farming

Classification by OUTPUTClassification by OUTPUT

• SUBSISTENCE farming

Produce is consumed by the farmer, any surplus is usually

sold to buy other goods

• COMMERCIAL farmingCOMMERCIAL farming

The majority of produce is The majority of produce is sold to make financial profitsold to make financial profit

Climate

Relief (shape of the land)

Soil type

Accessibility to the market and labour supply

The main factors affecting the distribution of farming are:

What effects the distribution of farming ?

CASE STUDY : PRIMARY

INDUSTRY IN UK (MEDC)

VINE HOUSE FARM,

LINCOLNSHIRE.

CASE STUDY : VINE HOUSE FARM,

EAST ANGLIA (LEDC)(an arable farm)

•Where is it ? •What are the inputs, outputs, processes ?

(systems diagram)•How has it changed ?

CASE STUDY : VINE HOUSE FARM,

EAST ANGLIA(an arable farm) Don’t forget to include

KEYWORDS !!

Include simple FACTS !!

Remember to describe its LOCATION.

Summarise-You can’t learn it all

Ask yourself these Ask yourself these questions;questions;1. Where is it ? 1. Where is it ? 2. What are the inputs, 2. What are the inputs, outputs, processes ? outputs, processes ? (systems diagram)(systems diagram)3. How has it changed ?3. How has it changed ?

MEDC : United Kingdom(Detailed)

- The different types of farming system

FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK

Market Gardeninginvolves intensivefarming of highvalue fruit and

salad vegetablesin greenhouses

Market Gardeninginvolves intensivefarming of highvalue fruit and

salad vegetablesin greenhouses

FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK

Sheep and beefcattle are reared

for wool andmeat, mainly in

upland areas

Sheep and beefcattle are reared

for wool andmeat, mainly in

upland areas

FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK

Dairy Farmingis the rearing ofcows for milk,

usually in flatterareas - good grassso lush pastures

Dairy Farmingis the rearing ofcows for milk,

usually in flatterareas - good grassso lush pastures

FARMING IN THE UKFARMING IN THE UK

Arable Farming inthe UK is mainlycereal crops, butalso vegetables

and animal feeds

Arable Farming inthe UK is mainlycereal crops, butalso vegetables

and animal feeds

South Penquite Farm – a case study

South Penquite Farm

South Penquite is a 80 hectare working hill farm situated high on Bodmin Moor in Cornwall.

The farm has a flock of 400 ewes and a herd of 60 cows as well as many horses, ponies, goats, donkeys and chickens.

South Penquite Farm

The farm has achieved organic status under the guidance of the Soil Association. It takes two years to convert the land over which time they have not used any pesticides or nitrogen fertilizers.

South Penquite Farm

South Penquite started the conversion to becoming an organic farm in May 1999 and from June 2001 they have been able to offer organic beef and lamb.

The farm has diversified.

They offer a range of countryside holidays which include camping and horse riding. For the camping they have a limited number of pitches to minimize the impact on the environment. They also have facilities for field studies and opportunities for educational groups to learn about local environment.

South Penquite Farm

Riding HolidaysCamping Field Studies

Wrap up on IPO :

World : Agriculture

http://go-passport.grolier.com/atlas?id=mtlr079

http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/main.home