welcome! please read the board carefully and get out paper for notes. please read the board...
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Or is it????TRANSCRIPT
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Welcome!Welcome!
Please read the board carefully Please read the board carefully and get out paper for notes. and get out paper for notes.
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Home sweet home . . .Home sweet home . . .
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Or is it????Or is it????
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Breathing!Breathing!
Some basicsSome basics
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What is in our atmosphere?What is in our atmosphere?
Normal chemical composition of our atmosphere: (N2) 78%
(O2) 21%
Trace gases (water, argon, carbon dioxide, other pollutants) 1%
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Pollution terminologyPollution terminology
• Pollutant• Source• Effect
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Article: EPA Proposes New Article: EPA Proposes New Ozone StandardOzone Standard
• EPA = Environmental Protection Agency• As you read, label the pollutant, source(s)
and effects
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Pollution unitsPollution units
Parts per thousand (ppt)Parts per million (ppm)Parts per billion (ppb)
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The air pollution flip chart for The air pollution flip chart for visual learnersvisual learners
• Draw and label the atmospheric layers in black or blue pen.
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Primary pollutants come directly Primary pollutants come directly from a sourcefrom a source
• Mobile sources
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Mobile sourcesMobile sources
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Stationary SourcesStationary Sources
• Power plants
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RefineriesRefineries
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Secondary pollutants form in Secondary pollutants form in atmosphere as gases reactatmosphere as gases react
• Smog, ground level ozone and acid rain
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Add the sources to the three flip Add the sources to the three flip chartscharts
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We're #?
• . . . .for the number of days exceeding allowable ground level ozone levels.
• American Lung Association State of the Air
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Measuring pollutantsMeasuring pollutants
• parts per thousand = ppt• parts per million = ppm• Parts per billion = ppb• Parts per trillion = ppt (must know from
context)
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Clean Air ActClean Air Act
• Passed by Congress in 1970, updated in 1990, ‘93, 97, 2008.
• Required EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) to identify criteria pollutants and to establish minimum standards: EPA came up with NAAQ’s
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National Ambient Air Quality National Ambient Air Quality StandardsStandards
• Six criterion pollutants: NOx, SOx, O3, Pb, CO, particulates
• Established minimum standards: 1hr and 8 hr
• EPA is working to have greenhouse gases added by Congress to the NAAQs
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Houston’s special issuesHouston’s special issues
• 1/3 of all US petrochemicals pass through our refineries
• Refineries separate crude oil into many different products from asphalt tar to gasoline to butane
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Refineries create carcinogenic Refineries create carcinogenic air pollutantsair pollutants
Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes
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So what is being done about So what is being done about this? - City monitoringthis? - City monitoring
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45 mobile monitoring stations45 mobile monitoring stations
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State monitoringState monitoring
• Flexible permitting – each facility has total cap emissions limit, but flexibility in how they meet that limit.
• TCEQ issues permits for emitting certain amount of pollutants
• Facilities do “self reporting”
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Check your understanding!Check your understanding!
• What is the difference between a primary and a secondary air pollutant?
• Give an example of a mobile source.• Give an example of a stationary source.• Which layer of the atmosphere are you in
RIGHT NOW?!!!!• What is the normal chemical composition
of our atmosphere?