welcome []. j. singh mahal.pdf · training on use, repair and ... ludhiana and sonalika, hoshiarpur...
TRANSCRIPT
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Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana
WELCOME
1
Punjab Agriculture and Mechanisation
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2
Ø After independence in 1947, there were 17 agricultural
and veterinary colleges, just producing graduates.
Ø State Departments of Agriculture and Community
Development executed research and extension.
Ø On account of partition of India in 1947, the famous Lyallpur Agricultural College fell to the share of Pakistan.
Ø By 1955, a modern college building was constructed for the college of agriculture.
Ø In 1962, The Punjab Agricultural University was established at Ludhiana, on Land Grant Pattern with the help of Ohio Sate University, USA
Agriculture Education in India
Source: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABJ266.pdf
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Ø PAU now has four constituent colleges:
Ø College of Agriculture
Ø College of Agricultural Engineering & Tech.
Ø College of Home science and
Ø College of Basic Sciences & Humanities.
Ø At present the university has:
Ø 35 departments
Ø 9 research stations
Ø 4 seed farms
Ø 17 Extension centres
Ø 10 Under Graduate (2142), 43 Master's (1379) and 29 Ph.D. (361) programmes.
Ø In recognition of its outstanding achievements in agricultural research, education and extension, it was adjudged the Best Agricultural University in India in 1995 by ICAR.
Agriculture Education in Punjab
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4
GREEN
REVOLUTION
of
INDIA Late 60s and early 70s
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Varieties developed/released (772) (National Level-155)
Name of Crop No. of varieties Name of Crop No. of varieties
Wheat 63 Fodder 41
Barley 11 Sugarcane 24
Rice 39 Vegetables 171
Maize 36 Fruits 138
Cotton 44 Flowers 33
Pulses 56 Mushroom 9
Soybean 9 Forest Crops 14
Oilseeds 62 New Crops 4
Pearl millet 15 Green Manuring
Crops 3
5
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Popularity of PAU Wheat Varieties in Other States
PBW 343 PBW 373 PBW 443
PBW 533 PBW 596
PBW 644 PBW 621 PBW 550 PBW 502 PBW 343 PBW 373 PBW 590 PDW 314
PDW 291 PDW 233
6
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VARIETIES RELEASED IN OTHER COUNTRIES
Wheat WL 711 (Pakistan)
Rice PR 106 (Venezuela)
Maize Vijay (Pakistan, Nepal)
Chickpea C 235 (Australia)
In addition contributed germplasm towards international breeding programs in wheat, maize and rice
7
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Contribution of PAU
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Subsidiary Occupation: Bee Keeping
Italian bee (Apis
mellifera) introduced
(1964)
-Punjab produces 37%
of national honey
-33000 bee keepers
-500 thousand bee
colonies
0
7500
15000
22500
30000
37500
19
76
19
84
19
92
19
98
20
02
20
05
20
07
20
09
Year
Beekeepers 33,000
Honey
14,000 Tonnes
20
13
9
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Mushroom Production
High yielding cultivars and production technology for year-round production
(40% of national production)
1 4 6 15
22
35
50 48
7
25
40
50
60
70
120 125
0
35
70
105
140
1990 1994 1998 2000 2004 2008 2012 2014
Pro
du
cti
on
(x 0
00 M
T)
Punjab India
10 Year
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Punjab is food basket of India
Cropping Intensity : 190%
Irrigated area : 97%
Punjab, geographical is 1.5% of the country
Has 11% tractors of the country
It Produces much higher proportions of various
commodities:
Wheat : 22% Rice : 11%
Cotton : 10% Milk : 10%
Honey : 37% Mushroom : 40%
• Upto 40% rice and 70 % wheat in the central food pool of the country
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Growth of Farm Machinery in Punjab
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Relationship between farm power and productivity in different states of India
• Power availability varying from 0.60 kW/ha in Orissa to 3.5 kW/ha in Punjab:
•Average of India : 1.6 KW/ha
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TRENDS OF TRACTOR SALE
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INDIAN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY
Rs. 35,000 Crore Industry
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INDIAN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY INDUSTRY
Ø 250 Medium to Large Scale
Units
Ø 2,500 Small Scale Industries
Ø 15,000 Tiny Industries
Ø 1,00,000 Village level Artisans
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INDIAN AGRIL MACHINERY INDUSTRY ANNUAL PRODUCTION
Machine Number
Cultivator 90,000
Disc Harrow 50,000
Mould Board Plough 15,000
Rotavator 1,00,000
Seeder and Planter 60,000
Reapers 15000
Threshers 50,000
Combine harvesters 5,000
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Machinery for Seedbed Preparation
CULTIVATOR
ROTAVATOR LASER LAND LEVELER DISC HARROW
DEEP TILLAGE, upto 18 inches
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• Function : Sowing directly under unprepared field
• Machine capacity : 0.4ha/h
• Saving : 80-90 % (cost of sowing)
• Saving : 70-80 % (fuel)
Tractor Drawn No-till Drill
SEEDING & PLANTING MACHINERY
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Function: For planting potato seeds
Automatic Potato Planter
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Multi-crop semi-automatic transplanters
Brassica
Brinjal
Cabbage Cauliflower
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Rice transplanter and nursery
raising techniques
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Function: For uniform and effective application of
weedicides and chemicals on vegetables and row crops
Self Propelled Boom Sprayer
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REAPERS AND COMBINE HARVESTERS
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Different Versions of Grain Thresher
Drummy Type, 60s & 70s
Hammer Mill, 70s to early 80s
Syndicator Type, and Spike Tooth Type Late 70s to Early 90s
Haramba, Early 80s onward Complete combine
harvesters
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• Power Required: 45+ hp Tractor
• Functon : Straw collection & bruising
• Crops : Wheat
• Capacity : 1.0 acre/h (=1500 kg straw)
Straw combine
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Fodder Harvesters: Reapers to complete solution
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HAPPY
SEEDER
Function : Zero tillage sowing with mulch
Number : 614
Area coverage: 16000 ac
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Number of Laser Land Levelers
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
8 150 550
1000
2000
4100
5500
7200
0
350000
700000
1050000
1400000
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
1312 25900 116150
280172
608165
1320134 1400000
Area Covered (ha)
LASER LEVELER:
A Recent intervention
Saves about 15-20% water
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Drip Irrigation and Fertigation
Crop Water Saving (%)
Spring maize 40
Wheat 23
Spring Sunflower 33
Potato 38
Chilli 46
Onion 43
Pea 50
Brinjal 44
Fertilizer saving – 20%
Yield increase – 15-50% 31
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PROTECTED CULTIVATION
Capsicum, tomato, brinjal, cucumber
and papaya
Higher yield
Quality production
Advancing maturity
Increasing span of availability
32
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AGRO-PROCESSING
COMPLEXES FOR
VALUE ADDITION
May include:
Flour mill
Mini rice mill
Baby oil expeller
Feed mill
Spice grinder
Legume mill
Cotton ginning
machine etc
More than 270 units
are in operation in
Punjab
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Huller-cum-Sheller mills (Engelberg hullers)
• Dehusking and polishing are done in the same machine with 30-35%
recovery
Modern rice mill
1.Most of the traditional rice mills have been replaced with rubber roll
dehusker and cone type emery polisher with capacity of 2-3 q/h in rural
areas Punjab
2.Organised modern rice milling systems has capacity 2-4 tonnes per hour
3.There are more than 2500 modern rice mills in Punjab
• High rice recovery, 67-70 % and low breakage
Rice Milling Industry is ultra modern now
Manual rice pounding in 60s was prevalent
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Growth of Family Size Biogas Plants in Punjab: Fixed dome type developed in 1978
25000
170000
0
45000
90000
135000
180000
1980 2015
Number of Family Size Biogas Plants
Number of Family Size Biogas Plants
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MULTI-PRODUCT SOLAR COKERS, DRYERS AND WATER HEATERS
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A VIEW OF KISAN FAIR AT PAU CAMPUS
VERY STRONG EXTENSION PROGRAM
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Training on Use, Repair and Maintenance of Tractors
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We can do what we learnt from Ohio Sate
University.
Even more than that. » A comprehensive plan required through:
»Strong academic programs
»Let the students come to India
»Let Indian experts visit partner countries
»Establishment of Agriculture Colleges
» Strong machinery manufacturing facilities
» Training of technicians and operators
» Presence of Indian Manufacturers
» Development of local facilities: Manufacturing and
maintenance 39
How can we join hands?
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Why India??
» Strong, well educated and experienced
human resource for academic and training
» Well established manufacturers with world
class standards
» Low cost manufacturing facilities
» Indian technologies/machines are much
simple and start from simple hand tools
» Low cost tools and farm machinery
40
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Let us work together!
Thank you
41
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Sunflower Thresher
1987
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Liaison Amar Agri. Implements, Ludhiana and Sonalika, Hoshiarpur
No of Manufacturers 15
No of Machines in Punjab 250
Annual Production 2000
Maize Thresher 2003
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Groundnut Thresher 1971: Revived in 2005
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Paddy Thresher
1970
Liaison Madho Agril. Works, Moga
No. of Manufacturers /
Suppliers
50+
No. of Machines in
Punjab
200+
Annual Production 8000-10000
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Mechanization in Potato Cultivation 1974
2000
1994
Belt-Cup and Automatic Potato Planter
Liaison Sehra Field Works, Jalandhar Guru Nanak Agri Works,
Jalandhar
Droli, Moga
Annual Production 500-600 500 600
Belt-Cup and Automatic Potato Planter
•Machines imported from Erstwhile Soviet Union •Demonstrated and technology transferred •Slow adoption •Included potato combine but could not be adopted •Efforts to import new harvesters from Itlay
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Manual Multicrop Planter
• Power required : 2 persons
• Function : Sowing of bold grains like maize, sunflower, gram, groundnut, pea etc.
• Capacity : 1-1.5 acre/day
• Cost, Rs. : 2100/-
(Manual machine for small farms)
Hand Tools for Small Farmers
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PROCESSING OF PULSES
Primary milling
Cleaning, grading and packaging
Secondary milling Removal of Seed Coat Splitting of Cotyledon in Two Halves
CAPACITY – 100 KG PER HOUR
POWER – 1.5 HP
Mini dhal mill for secondary milling
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SMALL SCALE OIL MILLING INDUSTRY
Traditional Kohlu (oil recovery
very low)
Modern oil expeller (high oil
recovery)
• All the Agro processing Complexes established in rural areas of Punjab (Approx. 275 numbers) use modern baby oil expellers
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Mobile flour mill Small Scale Wheat Milling
• All the Agro processing Complexes established in rural areas of Punjab (Approx. 275 numbers) use small scale wheat milling system consisting of cleaner, scrubber (rullah) and slow moving Atta chakki (250 rpm)
SIMPLE ATTA
CHAKKI
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Declining Ag labor availability (% population)
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RESEARCH COLLABORATION
• CGIAR Institutes: CIMMYT, IRRI, ICRISAT, ICARDA, CIAT
• The World Vegetable Centre (AVRDC), Taiwan
• University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
• Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
• Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
• Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
• Olds College, Alberta, Canada
• University of Western Australia, Australia
• ACAIR, Australia
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Ø The Second Joint Indo-American Team set up on 12 September, 1959 was headed by Dr. M S Randhawa as Vice President of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research. It had three representatives of American Land-Grant universities. The Team submitted its report on July 11, 1960.
Ø The Team recommended that assistance in establishment of an
agricultural university should only be granted when there was adherence to basic principles such as:
1. Autonomous status,
2. Location of Agricultural, Veterinary Animal Husbandry, Home Science, Technological and Science Colleges on the same campus,
3. Integration of teaching by offering courses in any of these institutions to provide a composite course, and
4. Integration of education, research and extension.
Agriculture Education in India
Source: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABJ266.pdf
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Ø On the basis of this blueprint, U P Govt. submitted a proposal to Govt. of India in September, 1956 to establish an Agricultural University at Rudrapur in Terai, now called Pantnagar
Ø In 1960, the Govt. of India appointed a committee headed by Dr. Ralph W. Cummings to advise the State Governments on the legislation for the establishment of Agricultural Universities.
Ø This was an important milestone in the development of these universities.
Ø Relationship of Indian Agricultural Universities with the U. S. Land Grant Universities were established as:
§ Uttar Pradesh Agricultural University : University of Illinois § Punjab Agricultural University : Ohio State University § Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University : Kansas State University § University of Udaipur : Ohio State University, § Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidvalaya : University of Illinois § Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology : University of Missouri § Mysore University of Agricultural Sciences : University of Tennessee § Maharashtra Agricultural University : Pennsylvania State University
Agriculture Education in India
Source: pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNABJ266.pdf
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SOME SELECTED INDICATORS OF GROWTH OF PUNJAB AGRICULTURE
2011-12
17.98
5097
10.54
3741
29.08
-
-
98
-
1384
476
7.88
4.15
190
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Name of Machinery No. of Machinery
Tractor 4, 25,200
Disc Harrow 2, 24,300
Seed cum Fertilizer drill 1, 83,400
Knapsack Spray Pump 6, 55,000
Combine (Tractor operated + Self Propelled)
14670
Thresher 3, 00,000
Straw reaper 32,900
Maize Sheller /Thresher 1,850
Potato Planter 5,250
Tubewell Electrical/Diesel Run 13, 75, 517
Zero Till Drill 10,300
Rotavator 6,720
No. of tractors/ha 0.10
Status of Agricultural Machinery in Punjab
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Year Paddy** Wheat Cotton* Sugarcane
A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y
1970-71 390 688 1765 2229 5145 2238 397 866 371 128 5270 41
1980-81 1183 3233 2733 2812 7677 2730 648 1178 309 71 3920 55
1990-91 2015 6506 3229 3273 12155 3715 701 1909 463 101 6000 55.4
2000-01 2612 8816 3545 3408 15551 4563 600 1500 425 121 7770 64.2
2010-11 2818 10542 3741 3510 16472 4693 506 1597 537 70 4170 59.6
AREA, PRODUCTION AND YEILD OF MAJOR CROPS OF PUNJAB
(*Source: Directorate of Cotton Development, Mumbai & NCIPM , New Delhi)
(**Source: Status Paper on Rice in Punjab Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PAU)
A = Area in ‘000 ha P = Production in ‘000 tonne (* in thousand bales) Y = Yield in kg/ha (* lint yield)