WELCOME Fifth Laser IFE (HAPL) Program

Workshop

Naval Research Laboratory

Dec 5 and 6, 2002

The High Average Power Laser (HAPL) Program: A National Program to develop Laser Fusion Energy

GOVERNMENT LABS1. Naval Research Laboratory2. Lawrence Livermore Nat Lab3. Los Alamos National Laboratory4. Sandia National Laboratory5. Oak Ridge National Laboratory6. Princeton Plasma Physics Lab7. Idaho Nat Engr & Envir. Lab8. Argonne National LaboratoryINDUSTRY9. Titan -Pulse Sciences Division10. General Atomics11. Schafer Corp12. Coherent13. SAIC, Inc14. Northrup-Grumman15. Crystal Systems16. Commonwealth Technology, Inc17. Onyx CorpUNIVERSITIES18. University of CA, San Diego19. University of Wisconsin20. University of CA, Los Angeles21. University of Rochester, LLE22. University of CA, Berkeley23. Georgia Institute of Technology24. University of CA, Santa Barbara

Spherical targetElectricity Generator

Dry wall (passive) chamber

Targetfactor

y

Modular LaserArray

Final optics

A phased program to develop Laser Fusion Energy

Develop Viable: Scalable Laser Technologies Target designsTarget fab/ injFinal opticsChamber Concept

Phase I:Science and technologyStart 1999

Establish: Target physicsFull scale Laser technologyTarget Mass ProductionInjection/tracking in ChamberFinal Optics Power Plant design

Phase IIIntegrated ResearchExperiments and morestart 2006

2-3 MJ, 60 laser beam lines High gain target implosions Optimize materials & components. 300 MW electricity (burst mode)

Phase IIIEngineering TestFacilitystart 2014-16, operating 2022

Demonstrate useable electrical power from FusionIFE DEMO

POINT DESIGN

for

External Review

Lasers Phase I Goals1. Develop technologies that can meet fusion energy requirements

for efficiency (> 6%), repetition rate (5-10 Hz), and durability (> 100,000,000 shots continuous).

2. Demonstrate required laser beam quality and pulse shaping

3. Laser technologies employed must scale to reactor size laser modules and projected to have attractive costs for commercial fusion energy.

KrF Laser (Electra-NRL) DPSSL (Mercury-LLNL)

Final Optic Phase I Goals

1. Meet laser induced damage threshold (LIDT) requirements of more than 5 Joules/cm2, in large area optics.

2. Develop a credible final optics design that is resistant to degradation from neutrons, x-rays, gamma rays, debris, contamination, and energetic ions.

stiff, lightweight, cooled, neutron transparent substrate

85°Laser

UCSD

Chambers Phase I Goals1. Develop a viable first wall concept for a fusion power plant.2. Produce a viable “point design” for a fusion power plant

UCSDWisconsinSNLORNLLLNL

Long term material issues are being resolved.

Example- Ion exposures on RHEPP

0 2 4 6 8 10time (sec)

Surface temperature

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

5000 2 4 6 8 10

time (sec)

Surface1 micron5 microns10 microns100 microns

3000

2600

2200

1800

1600

1200

600

200Ch

amb

er W

all T

emp

erat

ure

(d

eg C

)

400 MJ TargetGraphite wall @ 8.25 m radius25 mTorr Xe in chamber

154 MJ TargetTungsten wall @ 6.5 m radiusNo gas in chamber

0 2 4 6 8 10time (sec)

Surface temperature

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

5000 2 4 6 8 10

time (sec)

Surface1 micron5 microns10 microns100 microns

Surface1 micron5 microns10 microns100 microns

3000

2600

2200

1800

1600

1200

600

200Ch

amb

er W

all T

emp

erat

ure

(d

eg C

)

400 MJ TargetGraphite wall @ 8.25 m radius25 mTorr Xe in chamber

154 MJ TargetTungsten wall @ 6.5 m radiusNo gas in chamber

Target Fabrication Phase I Goals1. Develop mass production methods to fabricate cryogenic

DT targets that meet the requirements of the target design codes and chamber design. Includes characterization.

2. Combine these methods with established mass production costing models to show targets cost will be less than $0.25.

Developed thin Au/Pd coatings with highDT permeability andIR reflectivity.

Establishedchemistry for foam shells

General AtomicsSchafer Corp

Targets $0.16 each from chemical process plant methodology

General Atomics

Target Injection / Tracking Phase I Goals1. Build an injector that accelerates targets to a velocity to

traverse the chamber (~6.5 m) in 16 milliseconds or less.

2. Demonstrate target tracking with sufficient accuracy for a power plant (+/- 20 microns).

TurboPumps

Gun Barrel

TargetCatcher

Target Position

Detectors

Sabot Deflector

RevolverChamber

ExpansionTanks

1. Started Construction of Gas Driven Target Injector2. Demonstrated Concept of Separable Sabot3. Determining needed properties of DT

General Atomics, LANL

Target Design Phase I Goals1. Develop credible target designs, using 2D and 3D modeling, that have

sufficient gain (> 100) + stability for fusion energy.

2. Benchmark underlying codes with experiments on Nike & Omega

3. Integrate design into needs of target fab, injection and reactor chamber.

Integrated high-resolution 2-D Modeling, through burn

Omega facilityUR/LLE

Nike KrF LaserNRL

2 D Single mode calculations15

12.5

10

7.5

5

2.5

0

Gro

wth

fac

tor

(e-f

old

s)

0 25 50 75 100 125 150Spherical mode number

A. Standard pulseGain = 180Breakup: 83%

C. Large PrepulseGain = 110 Breakup = 2%

B. Small prepulseGain = 170Breakup =21%

B-G model fit

15

12.5

10

7.5

5

2.5

0

Gro

wth

fac

tor

(e-f

old

s)

0 25 50 75 100 125 150Spherical mode number

A. Standard pulseGain = 180Breakup: 83%

C. Large PrepulseGain = 110 Breakup = 2%

B. Small prepulseGain = 170Breakup =21%

B-G model fit

LLNLt = 0 nsec 7.00 nsec 8.30 nsec 8.70 nsec 8.90 nsec 9.00 nsect = 0 nsec 7.00 nsec 8.30 nsec 8.70 nsec 8.90 nsec 9.00 nsec

NRL

Agenda---Thursday, Dec 5

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2002 INTRODUCTION 8:00 - 8:30 Coffee, pastries, bagels, etc

All

8:30 - 8:50 (20)

Welcome + Introduction

John Sethian (NRL)

LASERS (Session chairman TBD) 8:50 - 9:20 (30)

Mercury Diode Pumped Solid State Laser

C. Bibeau (LLNL)

9:20 - 9:50 (30)

Electra KrF Laser

M. Wolford (SAIC/NRL)

9:50-10:00 (10)

LASER DISCUSSION All

10:00-10:15 (15)

BREAK

TARGET FABRICATION & INJECTION-1 (Session chairman TBD) 10:15 - 10:40 (25)

Target Fabrcation/Injection Plan plus GA Target Fabrication Effort

D. Goodin (GA)

10:45 - 11:00 (20)

Production of Divinyl Benzene (DVB) shells D, Schroen (Schafer) J. Streit (Schafer)

11:00 –11:30 (30)

Solid DT Studies J. Hoffer (LANL)

11:30 –12:00 (30)

Cryogenic Layering Experiments on Omega D. Harding (U of Rochester)

12:00 - 1:00 LUNCH

TARGET FABRICATION & INJECTION-2 (Session chairman TBD) 1:00 – 1:45 (45)

Status of Target Injector, In-Chamber Tracking, Target Survival Calculations

R. Petzoldt (GA) R. Raffray (UCSD)

1:45 – 2:00 (15)

TARGET FAB & INJECTION DISCUSSION All

TARGET DESIGN (Session chairman TBD) 2:00 –2:25 (25)

High Gain Target Designs (NRL) A. Schmitt (NRL) D. Colombant (NRL)

2:25 –2:50 (25)

High Gain Target Designs (LLNL) J. Perkins (LLNL)

2:50 - 3:00 (15)

TARGET DESIGNS DISCUSSION All

POSTER SESSION: Building 226 Lobby 3:00 – 4:00 (60)

Refreshments served All

CHAMBERS: OPERATING WINDOWS (Session chairman TBD) 4:00 – 4:45 (45)

University of Wisconsin Chambers work Operating windows for 400 MJ target Chamber designs with ferritic steels Evaluation of fill gasses other than Xe

D. Haynes (Wisc) G. Kulcinski (Wisc)

4:45 – 5:15 (30)

LLNL Chambers Work Magnetic Deflection

J. Latkowski (LLNL) W. Meier (LLNL)

5:15 – 5:35 (20)

CHAMBERS DISCUSSIONS

All

Posters---Thursday, Dec 5 Poster Presenter Affiliation Poster Title

Stan Skupsky U Rochester Advanced direct-drive target designs

Craig Sangster U Rochester Recent progress in direct-drive ICF

Jim Butler NRL Applications of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films

Charles Gentile Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

Electron Beam Transmission Window Employing Single-Crystal Si and C

Matt Myers NRL Front end for the Electra Laser

Frank Hegeler CTI/NRL E-beam deposition into the KrF laser gas

Matt Wolford SAIC/NRL Electra as a laser

John Giuliani NRL Orestes Modeling of the Electra KrF Laser

Nasr Ghoneim UCLA Thermo-mechanical Design of Structural Modules and Reflective Segmented Mirror Systems for HAPL Chambers

Phil Sharpe INEEL Limits of Aerosol Production in Unprotected Dry-Wall IFE Chambers

Dave Rose Mission Research Corporation

Numerical modeling of the Electra electron-beam diodes

Dennis Youchison Sandia Comparison of W and CFC materials exposed to high heat flux and ablation

Bob Lehmberg NRL Near-field nonuniformities in angularly-multiplexed KrF lasers: The problem and its possible solutions

S. Reyes LLNL Overview of recent developments on Fast Ignition Laser IFE

A. Baryamian LLNL Technological Advancements on the Mercury Laser

Agenda---Friday, Dec 6

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2002 INTRODUCTION 8:00 - 8:30 Coffee, pastries, bagels, etc

All

CHAMBERS: Dynamics and experiments-2 (Session chairman TBD) 8:30 - 9:00 (30)

Chamber Dynamics Modeling R. Raffray (UCSD) F. Najmabadi (UCSD)

9:00 – 9:30 (30)

Chamber Experiments F Najmabadi (UCSD)

9:30 – 9:45 (15)

CHAMBER DYNAMICS & EXPTS. DISCUSSIONS

All

9:45 -10:00 (15)

BREAK

FINAL OPTICS (Session chairman TBD) 10:00 – 10:30 (30)

Final Optics Plan Aluminum damage thresholds in the UV. Effects of dust and contamination

M. Tillack (UCSD)

10:30 – 10:50 (20)

Results of Neutron Irradiation studies on Transmissive Final optics for Laser IFE

W. Cooke (LANL)

10:50 – 11:00 (10)

OPTICS DISCUSSION All

MATERIALS-1 11:00- 11:30 (30)

Material Plan; Tungsten/He experiments Progress in Refractory Armored Composites

L. Snead (ORNL)

11:30 –12:00 (30)

XAPPER…..its hereeeeeee!

J. Latkowski (LLNL)

12:00 – 1:00 LUNCH

MATERIALS-2 (Session chairman TBD) 1:00 - 1:10 (10)

Materials Studies on Z (x-rays) and RHEPP (ions) C. Olson (SNL)

1:10-1:25 (15)

Z-Experiments T. Tanaka

1:25-1:45 (20)

RHEPP Experiments T. Renk

1:45-2:00 (15)

Bucky Simulations of RHEPP and Z R. Peterson

2:00 – 2:15 (15)

Fatigue thermomechanics N. Ghoniem (UCLA)

2:15 – 3:00 (45)

MATERIALS DISCUSSION Generate common list of materials for testing by ZAPPER, Z, RHEPP, UCSD Laser, etc Includes exact material specifications

L. Snead (ORNL) + MWG

Logistics

• Turn in presentations (posters and oral)

– Matt Myers <myers2@ccs.nrl.navymil>

• Pay "Registration" fee: $25.00

• Lunch: "Friedman Room"

• PM posters; Conf room to left of entrance door

• Optional "No Host" Dinner tonight– Virginia Brewing Company, 607 King St– (1 block East from Washington)– Sign up later today