welcome back! stuff to know – coop evaluation form – candidate reflection form danielson domain...
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Welcome back!
Stuff to know– Coop evaluation form– Candidate Reflection form
Danielson Domain Essay– Reflective Journal
Music Education Foundations
Might be helpful for Praxis II
Pedagogical/ Cognitive Theories
Kodály Orff Dalcroze Generative
– Boardman Suzuki CMLS
– Froseth– Gordon
Developmental
Constructivist
Social Learning
Behaviorism
Pedagogical (teaching) approaches
Kodály Dalcroze Orff Suzuki Comprehensive
Music Learning Sequence
Generative
Kinda like your music teaching ‘church’
Kodály
Hungarian music curriculum developed in 1940’s
Developed in conjunction w/ Zoltán Kodály– Choksy brought this method to Northern
America (1970’s1980’s)Emphasis on
– quality folk songs
Kodály cont.
Empahsis on– Quality/folk music– Singing
Sol feg in prescribed intervalic sequence
Curwin hand signs– Rhythmic time syllables
Ta Ti-ti Ti-ki-ti-ki (ti-ri-ti-ri)
– Short-hand dictation w/no note heads or staff
Developmentally appropriate sequential presentation
Sound/movement before notation
Dalcroze
Developed by Swiss composer, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze
Emphasizes– Eurhythmics (Movement analogies)
– Sol feg– Improvisation
For practical MUED purposes, “Dalcroze = Movement”
Orff Schulwerk
German music curriculum developed by Orff/Keetman in 1920’s
Emphasis on play and creative activities
Percussive rhythm basic to human expression
Often paired with Dalcroze movement
Not a ‘method’– No sequence– An attitude
Uses barred instruments, recorders,drums
Ostinato Body Percussion Singing is used, but not
as primary sound source
4 stages– Exploration– Imitation– Improvisation– composition
Suzuki
Japanese private instruction method
Developed by Shinici Suzuki
Well established in strings, somewhat in other timbres
Repertoire of etudes in sequential order
Mother Tongue approach– Parental
involvement– Imitation/rote in
early stages– Frequent
performance
CMLS
Developed by FrosethBased on Gordon research
– Scientific empirical data– Sequential approach
Key words:– Aptitude– Audiation
Generative
Developed by Eunice Boardman, others in 1960’s-1970’s
Developmental (but not sequential) in approach Constructivist in approach Relies on musical application of Jerome Bruner’s
theory of human cognition– Can be applied to lots of ‘churches’
Key words– Icons– Spiral curriculum– Known/unknown/new known– Musical context
Cognitive Theories
Developmental– Piaget– Pestalozzi– Dewey– Mazlow– Erickson
Constructivist– Bruner– Vygotsky– Piaget– Dewey
Social Learning– Vygotsky– Bandura
Behaviorism– Skinner– Thorndyke
Stimulus/responseRewards/punishmentModification of
observable behaviors
Developmental theories
Adhere to the idea that humanity moves through ‘stages’ that can usually be relied upon
– Piaget (knowledge)– Erickson (moral development)– Mazlow (need fulfillment)
– Pestalozzi– Dewey
Educators who applied the idea of adapting instruction to the appropriate developmental stage of the students.
Constructivist
Adheres to the idea that people form, or “construct” knowledge based on experience with the world– Vygotsky
Lots of overlap with Developmental theories– Spherical vs. Linear understanding
Social Learning
Adheres to the idea that people create knowledge based in large part on social interaction– Scaffolding – Zone of Proximal Development
– Much overlap with Developmental and Constructivist theory
Behaviorism
Adheres to the idea that people change behavior (response) based on positive and negative stimuli from the external world– Conditioned– Reinforcement– Reward – punishment
So, what teaching methods are based in what cognitive theories?
Kodály Orff Dalcroze Generative
– Boardman Suzuki CMLS
– Froseth– Gordon
Developmental
Constructivist
Social Learning
Constructivist
Behaviorism
Music Education Professional Resources
Things every music educator should know.
Professional Resources
Organizations– Pedagogical (teaching)– Professional (gigging)
Publications– Pedagogical– Scholarly
OrganizationsPublic school based Professional based
NAfME– MENC
ACDA ASTA AOSA OAKE NSBA
AFM ABA MTNA ASCAP NASM NAMM AFTA MPA
National Association for Music Education: NAfME Formerly known as “MENC: The National
Association for Music.”– Stands for “Music Educators National Conference”– 1907 Keokuk, Iowa – NEA (National Educational Association)
– Umbrella organization for regions, states Conferences, festivals, events
– Important advocacy organization for public school music Standards Monographs/white papers/benchmark statements
– Important organization for scholarship in music education
NAfME journals
Teaching Music– Not ‘peer reviewed’
Music Educators Journal (MEJ)Journal of Research in Music
Education (JRME)General Music Today (GMT)UpdateJournal of Music Teacher Education
(JMTE)
NAfME/MENC rag mags
InTune MonthlyMusic Alive
ACDA
American Choral Directors Association– 1959– Promotes choral singing, repertoire
Choralnet freebies are from this organization
– Umbrella organization for regions, states– Conferences, festivals events
Publications– Choral Journal– Chorteach (e-newsletter)
ASTA
American String Teachers Association– Founded in 1950’s– Umbrella organization for regions, states.– Conferences, festivals, resources
American String Teacher– Published quarterly
AOSA
American Orff-Schulwerk Association– All Orff, all the time– Music and Movement– Conferences, workshops
Publication– The Orff Echo
OAKE
Organization of American Kodály Educators– Founded 1975– All Kodály, all the time– Conferences, workshops
Publications– Kodaly Envoy (quarterly)– Books, DVDs
NSBA
National School Boards Association– Not associated with Music Education per
se– Important for music educators to
understand how school boards workHow programs are fundedHow to advocate for arts at the local level
OrganizationsPublic school based Professional based
MENC ACDA ASTA AOSA OAKE NSBA
AFM ABA MTNA ASCAP NASM NAMM AFTA MPA
AFM
American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada– “The Union”– Founded in 1896– Local chapters all over the place– All about gigging, wages, contracts,etc
Publication– Musician
1950’s statement on school musicians
ABA
American Bandmasters Association– Invitational organization for Band
conductors/composers– Conferences– Establish foundations/scholarships
Journal of Band Research– Biannual publication
MTNA
Music Teacher’s National Association– The NAfME equivalent for private studio
teaching– Founded 1876– Provides certification and scholarship
Journal– American Music Teacher
ASCAP
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers– Copyright kickback group– Licensing/recording rights group– Deals primarily with audio recordings
“mechanical rights”
If you gig/arrange/compose at all, you (or your organization) should join.
NASM
National Association of Schools of Music– Founded in 1924– Accrediting agency for schools of music.
Usually collegiate, but sometimes community or pre-collegiate
Provides stats that are useful to public school teachers on where to send students
NAMM
International Music Products Association– (National Association of Music Merchants)– Founded 1901– Non-profit organization for music business
Instruments, lighting, speakers, sound boards, etc.
AFTA
Americans for the Arts– Founded in 1960– Organization for promoting all of the Fine
Arts– Clearing house for advocacy, funding
information, residency programs, business partnerships, etc.
MPA
Music Publishers Association– Founded in 1895– Deals with copyright issues of print or
sheet musicSimilar to ASCAP
– If you do any composing/arranging for profit, you want to join this group
Why do you care?
Short term– Praxis II
Knowledge (remember)Comprehension (understand)
Long term
You will encounter difficulties that these organizations will help you overcome.
– Application You may have complex
difficulties that need the assistance of more than one of these organizations
– Analysis
There may emerge a new difficulty for which these is no organizational support, and you’ll need to start an organization
– Synthesis You may find yourself in an
advocacy role in which your knowledge of these organizations will allow you to influence others/policy
– Evaluation