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the slide show presents the methods of teaching biological science.TRANSCRIPT
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L.S.M. Govt. P.G. COLLEGE PITHORAGARH
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METHODS OF SCIENCE TEACHING.
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VARIOUS METHODS OF TEACHING BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE.LECTURE METHODDEMONSTRATION METHODPROJECT METHODLABORATORY METHODPROBLEM SOLVING METHODHEURISTIC METHODASSIGNMENT METHODHISTORICAL METHOD
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1. LECTURE METHODTHE OBJECTIVE OF TEACHING IS TO GAIN
MASTERY ONLY OVER CONTENT.FOCAL POINT IS THE TEACHER.HE REMAINS ACTIVE.STUDENTS ARE PASSIVE LISTENERS.
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MERITS OF LECTURE METODUSEFUL FROM ECONOMIC VIEWPOINT.TIME SAVING.EASIER AND MORE CONVENIENT.MORE USEFULSATISFACTORY.
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DEMERITSUNPSYCHOLOGICAL METHOD.DOES NOT CULTIVATE THE POWER OF
OBSERVATION.DOES NOT DEVELOP THE POWER OF
INDEPENDENT THINKING, POWER OF ENQUIRY IN STUDENTS.
STUDENTS FULLY DEPENDENT ON TEACHER.
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2. DEMONSTRATION METHOD.A TEACHER DEMONSTRATES EXPERIMENT
BEFORE STUDENTS AND ANALYSE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF THAT EXPERIMENT.
TEACHING IS NOT ONE SIDED AS STUDENTS ALSO COOPERATE IN THIS METHOD.
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MERITSPSYCHOLOGICAL METHOD.SAVES TIME AS MANY GENERALIZATIONS
CAN BE DONE WITHIN A LIMITED TIME.FAR LESS EXPENSIVE METHOD.
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DEMERITSNO PLACE FOR INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE.NO PLACE FOR LEARNING BY DOING.MOST OF THE TIME ONLY TEACHER
REMAINS ACTIVE.STUDENTS DO NOT GET AN OPPORTUNITY
TO DO AN ACTIVITY THEMSELVES.
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3. PROJECT METHODFATHER OF THIS METHOD IS W.H.
KILPATRICK.A PROJECT IS A VOLUNTARY WORK IN
WHICH POSITIVE OUTCOMES ARE OBTAINED BY CRITICAL THINKING EFFORT.
TYPE OF LIFE EXPERIENCE.ESSENCE OF THIS METHOD IS LEARNING
BY DOING.
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MERITPSYCHOLOGICAL METHODRETENTION OF LEARNINGSUITABLE FOR MENTAL DEVELOPMENTSELF DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENTEQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR
DEVELOPMENT.
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DEMERITEXPENSIVE.UNSYSTEMATIC TEACHINGAPPROPRIATE EVALUATION NOT
POSSIBLEINTENSIVE STUDY OF SUBJECT NOT
POSSIBLE.
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4.LABORATORY METHODUNDER THIS METHOD STUDENTS ARE
KEPT IN SUCH A SITUATION WHERE THEY GATHER FACTS AND VERIFY THESE FACTS ON THE BASIS OF EXPERIMENT AND OBSERVATION.
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MERITSTUDENTS LEARN BY SELF-ACTIVITY.METHOD MAKE SCIENTIFIC THEORIES
AND EXPERIMENTS MORE MEANINGFUL.STUDENTS GENERALIZE THEMSELVES.IT CULTIVATES CRITICAL ATTITUDE.CULTIVATES SPIRIT OF COOPERATION.
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DEMERITNOT USEFUL FOR THOSE TOPICS WHICH
HAVE THEORETICAL CONCLUSIONS.NOT USEFUL FOR THOSE TOPICS WHICH
CANNOT BE OBSERVED DIRECTLY.A CARELESSLY EXECUTED TASK CAN
RESULT IN AN ACCIDENT.
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5.PROBLEM-SOLVING METHOD.IT IS A METHOD UNDER WHICH THE
STUDENT ATTEMPTS TO FIND OUT SOLUTION TO A PROBLEM ON THE BASIS OF HIS PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE AND THE SPECIFIC EFFORTS BEING MADE AT PRESENT
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STEPS OF PROBLEM SOLVING METHOD1. CONFRONTING WITH THE PROBLEM.2. COMPREHENDING THE PROBLEM.3. COLLECTING RELEVENT DATA.4. ANALYSING THE COLLECTED DATA.5. FORMULATING HYPOTHESIS.6. DRAWING INFERENCES.7. APPLYING THE ACCEPTED HYPOTHESIS.
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MERITSCIENTIFIC METHOD.PSYCHOLOGICAL METHOD.DEVELOPMENT OF MENTAL FACULTIES.PRACTICABLE AND USEFUL.
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DEMERITDIFFICULT TASK.IMPRACTICABLE.PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES.
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6.HEURISTIC METHODTHIS METHOD WAS PROPOUNDED BY
ARMSTRONG.HEURISTIC WORD IS DERIVED FROM
GREEK WORD “HEURISKO” WHICH MEANS TO INVESTIGATE OR FIND.
THIS METHOD IS MEANT FOR SELF INVESTIGATION.
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STEPSSTATEMENT OF PROBLEM.OBSERVATION AND TABULATION OF
FACTS.STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS.TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS.CONCLUSION.
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MERITSFULLY PSYCHOLOGICAL.CULTIVATION OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE.PUPIL TEACHER RELATIONSHIP.PERMANENT KNOWLEDGE.DISCIPLINE.
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DEMERITNOT SUITABLE FOR STUDENTS OF SMALL
AGE.PROCESS OF ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE IS
VERY SLOW.IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO TEACH ALL
TOPICS BY THIS METHOD.MASS EDUCATION IS NOT POSSIBLE BY
THIS METHOD.
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THANKS.