weimin kaufman, ph.d., m.b.a. - university of rochester ... · • 1850 – the university of...
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Weimin Kaufman, Ph.D., M.B.A.
August 8, 2016
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Objectives
• Introduction to Intellectual Property • Introduce UR Ventures
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What is Intellectual Property? -creations of the mind
• Patents
• Copyright
• Trade Secrets
• Trademarks
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What is Patentable Invention?
• Processes
• Machines
• Compositions of Matter
• Any new or useful improvement to the above
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Patent Requirements • Novelty : Is it new? • Useful : Does it provide some identifiable
benefit and is capable of use? • Non-Obviousness : Would the improvement
be obvious to one of ordinary skill in the art?
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A Granted Patent • The patent holder is granted
the right to prevent others from making, using, selling, or offering to sell the claimed invention.
• The patent holder is not granted the right to practice the invention.
• Patents are territorial, only enforceable in the country of issuance.
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Why to Apply for Patents
• Monopoly • Patenting makes the technology more
marketable • Patents are marketed for license to companies
for commercial use • Part of the scheme of Bayh Dole/federal law
and policy
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Copyright - Coverage Protects original works of authorship • Photos, software, charts, written prose • Not ideas, or facts; only their expression • Does not cover works in the public domain and
government works • Exists automatically when work is fixed in a tangible medium
– Registration unnecessary, although useful
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• Gives exclusive rights to copyright owner (reproduction, display, performance, eg.)
• Rights last for a limited time – but a long one Currently - life of author plus 70 years
• Copyright duration of older works is complicated; most of what you are likely to use is probably still protected
Copyright - Rights
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Trade Secret • A trade secret’s protection by virtue of secrecy
– Business and technical information NOT publically known.
– Value is derived from confidential nature
• May provide a competitive advantage • No finite term for trade secret • No associated cost
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Trademarks • Trademarks identify the source of
goods or services. • Trademarks have value because of the
association of the goods or services with that mark.
• Trademarks can lose their identification of source when they become “generic”. Examples of former trademarks that are now generic are escalator, aspirin, thermos, etc.
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Trademark Value Trademark Value
Apple $145.3B
Microsoft $69.3B
Google $65.6B
Coca-Cola $56B
IBM $49.8B
McDonald’s $39.5B
Samsung $37.9B
Toyota $37.8B
GE $37.5B
Facebook $36.5B
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Trademark Protection • Trademarks are protected by registering in trademark
offices world wide • Trademarks are only enforceable in the country
where you own the registration • Protection continues only as long as the trademark is
in use. • Trademark protection has no time limit and
continues as long as the mark is in use.
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15
http://www.rochester.edu/ventures/
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Some Perspective and a Brief History • 1850 – The University of Rochester was founded
• 1980 – Technology Transfer functions began
• 2001 – A separate Office of Technology Transfer was created
for the Medical Center
• 2013 – Both OTTs were combined and rebranded as UR
Ventures
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Why We Exist • University Mission
– Encourage practical development of ideas
– Incentivize company sponsored research
• Bayh-Dole Act (1980) • Motivate and Retain Faculty
– Royalty Sharing – Lab Funding
• Income Generation – Royalties and Licenses – Startup companies
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Who We are • Patent Attorneys and Paralegals • Licensing Managers • Director of New Ventures and Technologies • Contract Admin, Finance Admin
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What We Do
Patent
Technology
Business Development
- Taking Discoveries from Lab Bench to the Marketplace
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What We Do • Licensing Professionals who analyze marketplace, develop
business plans, and understand patent/licensing issues • Attorneys to help with patent application process • Startup formation, assists in seeking venture/angel capital • Campus-based “accelerators,” incubators and proof-of-
concept programs to help advance technology and boost fledgling start-up companies
• Resources for connecting people and/or companies looking for new technology inventions; helping faculty further develop the technology pipeline.
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The Working Process • Invention disclosure filed with UR • Meet and discuss • Evaluate patentability and commercial
potential • Patent protection • Market and licensing strategies • Negotiate and sign agreements
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Invention and the University • University pays for all
associated costs • University owns the patent • Inventor receives share of
revenue from that invention after deduction of legal expenses
• Legal Expenses (US alone) – Provisional patent: $500-$8,000 – Full patent examination: >$15k – Maintenance Fees: $12k
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IP Output
128 132 140 155
171 170
240
205
27 26 31 50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2011 2012 2013 2014
Invention DisclosuresPatent ApplicationsUS Patents Granted
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Positive Impact
22 21
13
31
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2011 2012 2013 2014
New License/Option Agreements 41.8
39.4
29.4 25.6
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2011 2012 2013 2014
Revenue in $M
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A Collaborative Effort OTT
Researchers
Research Administrators
Faculty
Staff
Department Chairs
ORPA
Patent Counsel
Other Universities And Institutions
Investors and Entrepreneurs
Business and Community
Leaders
University Leadership
URV
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Technology Development Fund • The TDF funds projects into the “De-risking” phase of
development not typically funded by research grants • Awards range from $50K - $100K • Typically used for Animal Testing, Prototyping, and other
Proof of Concept studies • Funded 19 projects over past 3 years; 16 are moving forward
with increased funding and interest
Research IP Protection
Develop & De-risk
Technology Licensing
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Questions?