Rabbi Ely Shestack President Aryeh Brenenson

בס”ד

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WEEKDAY DAVENING INFORMATIONSunday (6/23)

Monday (6/24)

Tuesday (6/25)

Wednesday (6/26)

Thursday (6/27)

Friday (6/28)

Earliest Talit 4:14 AM 4:14 AM 4:14 AM 4:14 AM 4:14 AM 4:14 AM

Shacharit 8:15 AM 6:15 AM 6:25 AM 6:25 AM 6:15 AM 6:25 AM

Gedolah 1:36 PM 1:37 PM 1:37 PM 1:37 PM 1:37 PM 1:37 PM

Mincha - Maariv 8:20 PM 8:20 PM 8:20 PM 8:20 PM 8:20 PM 7:05 PM

Shkia 8:32 PM 8:32 PM 8:32 PM 8:32 PM 8:32 PM

Tzait 9:17 PM 9:17 PM 9:17 PM 9:17 PM 9:17 PM

שבת פרשת בהעלותךSHABBAT PARSHAT B'HAALOTECHA

19 SIVAN - JUNE 22Haftorah is Zechariah 2:14-4:7. Pirkei Avot Chapter 2.

FRIDAY NIGHTEARLIEST CANDLES - 6:57 PMMINCHA/MAARIV - 7:05 PM CANDLE LIGHTING - 8:14 PM TZAIT - 9:17 PM

SATURDAYHASHKAMA - 8:15 AMSHACHARIT MAIN - 9:00 AMLAST KRIAT SHEMA - 9:11 AMGEMARA SHIUR - 7:00 PMMINCHA - 8:00 PMMAARIV/HAVDALAH - 9:17 PM

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CONGREGATION AHAVAT ACHIM18-25 SADDLE RIVER ROADFAIR LAWN, NJ 07410-5909201-797-0502WWW.AHAVATACHIM.ORG

BULLETIN INFORMATIONTO REQUEST A BULLETIN ANNOUNCEMENT OR TO DEDICATE A BULLETIN FOR $36 ($54 W/PHOTO), EMAIL SEPLOTNICK@GMAIL.COM

Thank you Randi for organizing our new member lunch! A continuing welcome to Liz & Alan Jacob, Revi & Michael Glasser, Miriam & Adam Nudelman, Madeline Schmuckler, and Kira & Andrew Wigod.

Suedah Shlishit is sponsored by Eli Zezon in memory of ברוך מפציר בן שמואל

.(נלב”ע כ"ד סיון תשנ”ט)May his neshama have an aliyah.

Billiards tournament at the Rabbi’s house begins tonight!

This bulletin is sponsored by Dov Borsuk (and his father) in

honor of Natasha's new position, and wishing her continued

success with this exciting change!

AHAVAT ACHIM BILLIARDS BRACKET

1. Melanie Kwestel 16. Hazkiel Kor 8. Natan Santacruz 9. Nate Schwitzer

29-June 4. Beth Wechsler 13. Max Borin 5. Haim Tawil 12. Barry Goldberg

6-July 13-July 2. Michael Glasser 15. Elliot Greene 7. Richard Mayer 10. Steve Plotnick

22-June 3. Rabbi Shestack 14. Steve Winchester 6. Hillel Attali 11. David Gorelcik

Shirley Vann has dedicated this week’s Covenant & Conversation (used with permission of the Office of Rabbi Sacks) in memory of her beloved mother Necha bat Yitzchokע”ה.

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Kiddush Information

To sponsor a Kiddush ($1000/$613/$318, plus scotch) email gplotnick@aol.com. If you are around when the Rabbi

says “על המחיה”, your assistance in clean up would be appreciated.

Adult Education

GEMARA SHIUR - Shabbat afternoon (45 minutes before Mincha), learning Beitzah. DAYTIME TORAH VOYAGES -

Tuesdays at 1:00 PM. FUNDAMENTALS OF JEWISH

THOUGHT - After Kiddush. PEREK ON THE LAWN, Pirkei

Avot Periodic Shiur.

Gita Cooperwasserע”ה

Youth ProgramYouth groups start at

10:00 AM! Tot Shabbat, 10:40

AM! Kira & Andrew are excited to become

the new Chairs of the Youth Committee! Over the next few weeks and months they’ll be introducing new programs and welcome feedback on engage your kids. Feel free to email them at kira.batist.msw@gmail.com. Aug 3 - Parent/Child Learning,

studying Eichah, 6:40 PM

Stay & PlayNext will be July 13 at the

Wigod's home.

Pirkei Avot Teen Learning

Teens Pirkei Avot Shiur at 10:40 AM led by Andrew Wigod.

For info email Ben at benjamin.greenbaum@frisch.org.

WelcomePlease welcome our

new Associates, Jordana (Bickel) & Isaac Cohen, and their daughter Lia.

Ahavat Achim Future EventsJune 25 - General Membership Meeting June 30 - Kol Chaverim Carnival and Wandering Que BBQ July 6 - Suedah Shlishit is sponsored by the Winchester family to commemorate the 2nd yahrzeit of Steve’s father David Winchester, מאיר דודע”ה בן שמואל גרשון הלוי July 20 - Siyum Mesechet Arachin Aug. 17 - Judah Levine Bar Mitzvah Sept. 7 - Andy Freund's Aufruf Sep. 14 - Aspiring Member Shabbaton Nov. 16 - David Kor’s Aufruf Dec. 7 - Yehuda Farajun Bar Mitzvah Feb. 8 - Eden Riskin Bat Mitzvah Feb. 22 - Yachad Shabbaton

Community EventsJune 23 – Kick Off Summer Brunch, with crafts, activities, breakfast foods and a make-your-own pancake bar! DARCHEI NOAM, Sunday, 10:00 AM – Noon. To sponsor go to Brunch. June 27 – Floral Arrangement with Beth Feldman. $30/person. Thursday, 8:00 – 9:30 PM. To register go to https://www.yifl.org/event/flowers.

Perek on the LawnJune 29 - Garfunkel Home July 13 - Greene Home July 27 - Solomon Home Sept. 14 Email Larry at lardavbern@gmail.com to host.

Answers to Points To Ponder 1st - The Menorah is described as having the appearance that Hashem showed Moshe.  3rd - The second year. One year after Yetziat Mitzraim. 6th - They remembered the free fish, cucumbers and watermelons! Despair (v.11-15) 7th. (v.13) Please God, heal her now. E-l Na Refa Na La, Moshe pleas concisely with Hashem

after Miriam is inflicted, after speaking ill of Moshe. 

Points To Ponder 1st - One of the proofs for the oral torah is derived from this aliyah. What in this aliyah's

description of the menorah implies the need for an oral law/tradition? 3rd - What year is it in the desert when the Jews ask about the korban pesach? 6th - What shocking aspect of slavery did the Jewish people remember from slavery in this

aliyah? What is Moshe's response? Why do you think Moshe has this response?  7th - We derive a line of Yedid Nefesh from this aliyah. What line and what is the context here?

בס״ד

18-25 Saddle River Road, Fair Lawn, New Jersey 07410 www.ahavatachim.org Ely Shestack, Rabbi

June 10, 2019

Notice of General Meeting

The annual General Membership meeting will be held on Tuesday, June 25, 2019 at 8:45 PM. The agenda for the General Meeting is as follows:

1. Proposed budget for next fiscal year (7/1/19 - 6/30/20) including the current year (7/1/18-6/30/19) projected actual financial statements and expenditures

2. Proposed resolution to amend the constitution including the following highlights (see attached resolution for all changes and complete constitution for context):

a. Reduce count of Trustees who are not officers from 12 to 9 over three years b. Eliminate Sisterhood and Men’s Club Presidents as Trustees unless they are elected as officers

or Trustees c. Change 20% quorum requirement for membership meeting to 20% vote requirement including

absentee ballots permitted in all cases d. Eliminate Corresponding Secretary from executive committee e. Add Marketing Director to executive committee with responsibility for coordinating the shul's

marketing, programming, and membership efforts by being Chairman of the Marketing Committee

3. Proposed slate of Officers and Trustees

Officers: President: Stephen Agress

Vice President: Aryeh Brenenson

Treasurer: Lori Garfunkel

Financial Secretary: Steven Winchester

Gabbai: Marty Sonnenblick

Marketing Director: Arnie Spier

Recording Secretary: Amy Agress

New Trustees: Elliot Greene

Ken Katter

Sara Santacruz

As provided in the Constitution, those physically unable to attend the meeting(s) may be allowed to vote by proxy in the discretion of the President. Absentee ballots shall be permitted only for those members who notify the President in writing, at least seven (7) days prior to the meeting that they will be unable to attend the meeting in person: 1) because they will be outside of the New York Metropolitan area; or 2) due to an unavoidable work-related conflict.

בס"ד

בהעלתך תשע"טBeha’alotecha

5779

The parsha of Beha’alotecha speaks about the silver trumpets – clarions – Moses was commanded to make:

The Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Make two trumpets of silver; make them of hammered work. They shall serve you to summon the congregation [edah] and cause the camps [machanot] to journey.” (Num. 10:1–2)

This apparently simple passage became a springboard for one of the most profound meditations of the late Rabbi Joseph Soloveitchik. It appears in his great essay Kol Dodi Dofek, on the Jewish approach to suffering. 1

There are, says Rabbi Soloveitchik, two ways in which people become a group – a community, society, or nation. The first is when they face a common enemy. They band together for mutual protection. Like all animals who come together in herds or flocks to defend themselves against predators, we do this for our survival. Such a group is a machaneh – a camp, a defensive formation.

There is another, quite different, form of association. People can come together because they share a vision, an aspiration, a set of ideals. This is the meaning of edah, congregation. Edah is related to the word ed, witness. Edot (as opposed to chukim and mishpatim) are the commands that testify to Jewish belief – as Shabbat testifies to creation, Passover to the Divine involvement in history, and so on. An edah is not a defensive formation but a creative one. People join together to do what none could achieve alone. A true congregation is a society built around a shared project, a vision of the common good, an edah.

Rabbi Soloveitchik says these are not just two types of group, but in the most profound sense, two different ways of existing and relating to the world. A camp is brought into being by what happens to it from

Rabbi Joseph B. Soloveitchik, Kol Dodi Dofek: Listen, My Beloved Knocks, trans. David Z. Gordon ( Jersey City, NJ: Ktav, 2006). A 1

translation also appears in Bernhard H. Rosenberg (ed.), Theological and Halachic Reflections on the Holocaust (Hoboken, NJ: Ktav, 1992).

�Camp and Congregation ! Beha’alotecha 5779 1

COVENANT & CONVERSATION: FAMILY EDITION Covenant & Conversation: Family Edition is a new and exciting accompaniment to Rabbi Sacks’ weekly Covenant & Conversation essay, aimed at connecting older children and teenagers with his ideas and thoughts on the parsha. To download the accompanying Family Edition to this Covenant & Conversation essay, please

visit www.RabbiSacks.org/CCFamilyEdition or subscribe toRabbi Sacks’ free mailing list via www.RabbiSacks.org/Subscribe.

Camp and Congregation

the outside. A congregation comes into existence by internal decision. The former is reactive, the latter proactive. The first is a response to what has happened to the group in the past. The second represents what the group seeks to achieve in the future. Whereas camps exist even in the animal kingdom, congregations are uniquely human. They flow from the human ability to think, speak, communicate, envision a society different from any that has existed in the past, and to collaborate to bring it about.

Jews are a people in both of these two quite different ways. Our ancestors became a machaneh in Egypt, forged together by a crucible of slavery and suffering. They were different. They were not Egyptians. They were Hebrews – a word which probably means “on the other side,” “an outsider.” Ever since, Jews have known that we are thrown together by circumstance. We share a history all too often written in tears. Rabbi Soloveitchik calls this the covenant of fate (brit goral).

This is not a purely negative phenomenon. It gives rise to a powerful sense that we are part of a single story – that what we have in common is stronger than the things that separate us:

Our fate does not distinguish between rich and poor…[or] between the pietist and the assimilationist. Even though we speak a plethora of languages, even though we are inhabitants of different lands…we still share the same fate. If the Jew in the hovel is beaten, then the security of the Jew in the palace is endangered. “Do not think that you, of all the Jews, will escape with your life by being in the king’s palace” (Est. 4:13). 2

Our shared community’s fate leads also to a sense of shared suffering. When we pray for the recovery of a sick person, we do so “among all the sick of Israel.” When we comfort a mourner, we do so “among all the other mourners of Zion and Jerusalem.” We weep together. We celebrate together. This in turn leads to shared responsibility: “All Israel are sureties for one another.” And this leads to collective action in the field 3

of welfare, charity, and deeds of loving kindness. As Maimonides puts it:

All Israelites …are like brothers, as it is said, “You are children of the Lord your God” (Deut. 14:1). If brother shows no compassion to brother, who will? …Their eyes are therefore lifted to their brothers. 4

All these are dimensions of the covenant of fate, born in the experience of slavery in Egypt. But there is an additional element of Jewish identity. Soloveitchik calls this the covenant of destiny (brit ye’ud) – entered into at Mount Sinai. This defines the people of Israel not as the object of persecution but the subject of a unique vocation, to become “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation” (Ex. 19:6).

Under this covenant, the we became defined not by what others do to us but by the task we has undertaken, the role we have chosen to play in history. In Egypt we did not choose to become slaves, that was a fate thrust upon us by someone else. We did, however, choose to become God’s people at Sinai when r

In Rosenberg, Theological and Halachic Reflections on the Holocaust, 84.2

Sanhedrin 27b; Shavuot 39a.3

Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Matanot LeEvyonim 10:2.4

�Camp and Congregation ! Beha’alotecha 5779 2

“We share a history all too often written in

tears.”

said, “We will do and obey” (Ex. 24:7). Destiny, call, vocation, purpose, task: these create not a machaneh but an edah, not a camp but a congregation.

Our task as a people of destiny is to bear witness to the presence of God – through the way we lead our lives (Torah) and the path we chart as a people across the centuries (history).

G. K. Chesterton once wrote that “America is the only nation in the world that is founded on a creed.” 5

Chesterton was notoriously antisemitic, and this evidently prevented him from recalling that the reason America was founded on a creed was that its founders, Puritans all, were steeped in what they called the Old Testament. They took as their model the covenant made between God and the Israelites at Sinai, and it was this that linked nationhood and the idea of a specific task or mission. Herman Melville gave this one of its classic expressions in his 1849 novel, White-Jacket:

We Americans are the peculiar, chosen people – the Israel of our time; we bear the ark of the liberties of the world…. God has predestined, mankind expects, great things from our race; and great things we feel in our souls. The rest of the nations must soon be in our rear. We are pioneers of the world; the advance-guard, sent on through the wilderness of untried things, to break a new path in the New World that is ours. 6

It is the concept of covenant that gives Jewish (and American) identity this strange dual character. Nations are usually forged through long historical experience, through what happens to them – rather than what they consciously set themselves to do. They fall into the category of machaneh. Religions, on the other hand, are defined in terms of beliefs and a sense of mission. Each is constituted as an edah. What is unique about Judaism is the way it brings together these separate and quite distinct ideas. There are nations that contain many religions and there are religions that are spread over many nations, but only in the case of Judaism do religion and nation coincide.

This has had remarkable consequences. For almost two thousand years Jews were scattered throughout the world, yet they saw themselves and were seen by others as a nation – the world’s first global nation. It was a nation held together not by geographical proximity or any other of the normal accompaniments of nationhood. Jews did not speak the same vernacular. Rashi spoke French, Maimonides Arabic. Rashi lived in a Christian culture, Maimonides in a Muslim one. Nor was their fate the same. While the Jews of Spain were enjoying their Golden Age, the Jews of northern Europe were being massacred in the Crusades. In the fifteenth century, when the Jews of Spain were being persecuted and expelled, those of Poland were enjoying a rare spring of tolerance. What held Jews together during these centuries was shared faith. In the trauma that accompanied European Emancipation and the subsequent rise of racial antisemitism, many Jews lost that faith. Yet the events of the past century – persecution, pogroms, and the Holocaust, followed by the birth of the State of Israel and the constant fight to survive against war and terror

G. K. Chesterton, What I Saw in America (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1922), 7.5

Herman Melville, White-Jacket (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 153. See Jonathan Sacks, “The Universal Story”, in 6

Pesach Haggadah (Jerusalem: Maggid, 2013), 75–84.

�Camp and Congregation ! Beha’alotecha 5779 3

“Our task is to bear witness to the presence of God – through

the way we lead our lives and the path we chart across the

centuries.”

– tended to bind Jews together in a covenant of fate in the face of the hostility of the world. So when Jews were divided by fate they were united by faith, and when they were divided by faith they were united again by fate. Such is the irony, or the providential nature, of Jewish history.

Judaism in the past two centuries has fissured and fractured into different edot: Orthodox and Reform, religious and secular, and the many subdivisions that continue to atomise Jewish life into non-communicating sects and subcultures. Yet in times of crisis we are still capable of heeding the call of collective responsibility, knowing as we do that Jewish fate tends to be indivisible. No Jew, to paraphrase John Donne, is an island, entire of him- or herself. We are joined by the gossamer strands of collective memory, and these can sometimes lead us back to a sense of shared destiny.

The duality was given its first expression this week in Beha’alotecha, with the command: “Make two trumpets of silver; make them of hammered work. They shall serve you to summon the congregation [edah], and cause the camps [machanot] to journey.” Sometimes the clarion call speaks to our sense of faith. We are God’s people, His emissaries and ambassadors, charged with making His presence real in the world by healing deeds and holy lives. At other times the trumpet that sounds and summons us is the call of fate: Jewish lives endangered in Israel or the Diaspora by the unremitting hostility of those who call themselves children of Abraham yet claim that they, not we, are his true heirs.

Whichever sound the silver instruments make, they call on that duality that makes Jews and Judaism inseparable. However deep the divisions between us, we remain one family in fate and faith. When the trumpet sounds, it sounds for us.

Shabbat Shalom.

�Camp and Congregation ! Beha’alotecha 5779 4

“However deep the divisions between us, we

remain one family in fate and faith.”

בס״ד

18-25 Saddle River Road, Fair Lawn, New Jersey 07410 www.ahavatachim.org Ely Shestack, Rabbi

June 10, 2019

Notice of General Meeting

The annual General Membership meeting will be held on Tuesday, June 25, 2019 at 8:45 PM. The agenda for the General Meeting is as follows:

1. Proposed budget for next fiscal year (7/1/19 - 6/30/20) including the current year (7/1/18-6/30/19) projected actual financial statements and expenditures

2. Proposed resolution to amend the constitution including the following highlights (see attached resolution for all changes and complete constitution for context):

a. Reduce count of Trustees who are not officers from 12 to 9 over three years b. Eliminate Sisterhood and Men’s Club Presidents as Trustees unless they are elected as officers

or Trustees c. Change 20% quorum requirement for membership meeting to 20% vote requirement including

absentee ballots permitted in all cases d. Eliminate Corresponding Secretary from executive committee e. Add Marketing Director to executive committee with responsibility for coordinating the shul's

marketing, programming, and membership efforts by being Chairman of the Marketing Committee

3. Proposed slate of Officers and Trustees

Officers: President: Stephen Agress

Vice President: Aryeh Brenenson

Treasurer: Lori Garfunkel

Financial Secretary: Steven Winchester

Gabbai: Marty Sonnenblick

Marketing Director: Arnie Spier

Recording Secretary: Amy Agress

New Trustees: Elliot Greene

Ken Katter

Sara Santacruz

As provided in the Constitution, those physically unable to attend the meeting(s) may be allowed to vote by proxy in the discretion of the President. Absentee ballots shall be permitted only for those members who notify the President in writing, at least seven (7) days prior to the meeting that they will be unable to attend the meeting in person: 1) because they will be outside of the New York Metropolitan area; or 2) due to an unavoidable work-related conflict.

בס״ד

Aryeh Brenenson President

Congregation Ahavat Achim Proposed Slate of Officers and Trustees for Recommendation

at 2019 General Membership Meeting 7/1/19 – 6/30/20

Officers First year President1 Stephen Agress 7/1/19 Vice President1 Aryeh Brenenson 7/1/19 Treasurer1 Lori Garfunkel 7/1/19 Financial Secretary1 Steven Winchester 7/1/19 Gabbai Marty Sonnenblick Corresponding Secretary <vacant>3 Marketing Director1, 2 Arnie Spier 7/1/19 Executive Secretary4 Amy Agress 7/1/17 Board of Trustees 2020 Expirations 2021 Expirations 2022 Expirations1 Eli Greenbaum Michelle Dubin Elliot Greene Nathan Schwitzer Yitz Finkelstein Ken Katter Randi Spier Margo Heda Sara Santacruz Steve Wechsler Gloria Lewissohn <vacant>3

1) Nominated by the Nominating Committee. All other officers and trustees are currently serving as an officer or trustee.

2) Subject to position being added to executive committee by constitution amendment 3) Positions left vacant in anticipation of being eliminated by constitution amendment 4) Subject to renaming Recording Secretary executive committee position

Nominating Committee: Amy Agress

Aryeh Brenenson, Chairperson

Eli Greenbaum

Melanie Kwestel

Natan Santacruz

Beth Wechsler

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CONSTITUTION OF AHAVAT ACHIM ORTHODOX CONGREGATION OF FAIR LAWN

FAIR LAWN, NEW JERSEY

(As Amended Through February 22, 2006 (the “Amendment Effective Date”))

PREAMBLE

Ahavat Achim, Orthodox Congregation of Fair Lawn has been

established for the purpose of maintaining and conducting a synagogue in conformance with the dictates of the Written and Oral Law of the Torah, as laid down in the Shulchan Aruch (Code of Jewish Law), and further, as prescribed in the following paragraphs.

Ahavat Achim, Orthodox Congregation of Fair Lawn seeks to provide the Jewish residents of this community with a religious, cultural, and social center in the spirit of the unbroken historic faith that has been sustained and preserved throughout the ages.

ARTICLE I - NAME SECTION 1 - This organization shall be known as Ahavat Achim, Orthodox Congregation of Fair Lawn, a non-profit religious corporation in the State of New Jersey, County of Bergen, located in the Borough of Fair Lawn (the “Congregation”). SECTION 2 - The Congregation shall not be dissolved as long as ten (10) members in good standing for five (5) years or more are willing to continue it. SECTION 3 - Upon dissolution of the Congregation, all of its property (after meeting all of its outstanding obligations) shall become the property of the Rabbinical Council of America, which shall use it for the sole purpose of promoting Orthodox congregations in the State of New Jersey. This provision of the Constitution may not be changed if there are fewer than 20 members of the Congregation.

ARTICLE II - ORGANIZATION SECTION 1a - Ahavat Achim has been established for the purpose of maintaining a Synagogue and conducting its religious services therein in keeping with the dictates of the Written and Oral Law of the Torah, as determined by the Rabbi in accordance with authoritative codes of Jewish Law and as further prescribed in the following paragraphs.

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SECTION 1b.1 - Specific sections of the sanctuary shall be designated for the separate and exclusive use of men and women at all religious services. This designation shall be effectuated by the use of the tangible physical partition known as “Mechitza.” SECTION 1b.2 - The Cantor or Reader, when officiating at worship, shall always face in the direction of the Holy Ark, except when reciting the last stanza of the prayer “Lechah Dodi,” reciting the Kiddush and Havdallah, and during the ceremony of Hotzaas and Hachnasas Sefer Torah -- the taking out and returning of the Torah Scroll from the Holy Ark. SECTION 1c - It is expressly recognized by the founders and members of this Congregation that inasmuch as the principles of Orthodox Judaism are based upon Divine authority, the rules governing the Divine worship in this Congregation are not subject to alteration by the membership, Board of Trustees, officers or any of its officials or employees. SECTION 1d - Differences concerning Jewish Law, worship, religious ritual and conduct shall be decided solely by the Rabbi of the Congregation. SECTION 1e - Every contribution or donation, whether of real, personal or mixed property, made generally or for any specific use to this Congregation, shall be deemed as made in trust under the express condition and for the unchangeable purpose of conducting an orthodox synagogue as defined above, and for the furtherance of the religious objectives as set forth above, and every such contribution when received by the Congregation, shall be deemed received and accepted according to this condition and in furtherance of such trust, except for contributions to the Rabbi’s Discretionary Fund or outside charities made under the aegis of the Congregation. SECTION 2 - All papers, documents, seals, etc. of the Congregation shall be kept in the office of the Congregation or other place authorized by the Board under the supervision of the President, except as expressly provided in this Constitution. SECTION 3 - The fiscal year shall commence on July 1 of each year and conclude the following June 30. SECTION 4 - Subject to Section 5 of this Article, no individual shall be invited to address the Congregation or any of its affiliated groups unless the Rabbi and/or the President are consulted and have given their consent.

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SECTION 5 - Permission to use the pulpit during religious services shall be granted only by the Rabbi. In the absence of the Rabbi, or if no Rabbi is serving, permission must be secured from the Religious Committee.

ARTICLE III - MEMBERSHIP SECTION 1 - The Congregation welcomes all persons to the Synagogue who seek to avail themselves of communal prayer and study or a place of mediation, or who seek spiritual solace within its walls, asking only that those who enter shall, while on the grounds of the Synagogue, conduct themselves in a proper and decorous manner and shall not offend the moral, social, or religious sensitivities of other worshippers. The right of all persons to attend the Synagogue being vouchsafed, it shall rest with the Rabbi to determine in any instance whether conditions exist which are prejudicial to the rights and sensitivities of other worshippers, which would warrant the exclusion of any person(s) from the Synagogue premises. However, by way of exception, in the event the Rabbi is not present in the Synagogue, and conditions are created that are emergent in nature, e.g., “Pikuach Nefesh”, then only under such circumstances will it be left to the Gabbai in charge to determine if any person(s) should be excluded from the Synagogue premises. SECTION 2 - Though recognizing the obligation of the Congregation to minister to the community at large, as outlined in Section 1 of this Article, it is nevertheless recognized that membership in the corporate body of the Congregation is a privilege entailing responsibilities as well as rights. The Congregation and/or the Board of Trustees may create, and set rules for, different classes of membership, except that there shall be only one class of voting membership. They may accept, reject, or suspend individuals from voice and vote, or from any and all privileges of membership, in accordance with the rules set down in this and other Articles and in such resolutions as the membership may from time to time resolve. SECTION 3a - Any Jew who has reached the age of eighteen (18) and is of good character shall be eligible for membership. SECTION 3b - Candidates for membership shall be recommended by at least one member of the Congregation in good standing. All applications for membership shall be signed and in writing on a form approved by the Board of Trustees. Where a candidate is married, both spouses shall be considered to be applying for membership if both have signed the membership application. SECTION 3c - The fees for membership must accompany the petition.

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SECTION 3d - All applications for membership shall be referred to a membership committee whose duty it shall be to investigate the character and qualifications of the applicant. The committee shall report on all applications for membership at a regular meeting of either the Board of Trustees or Congregation. The applicant shall be voted upon and, if elected as prescribed in Section 4 of this Article, he may be admitted at this or any succeeding meeting. However, the Board of Trustees or Congregation may not reject a proposed member based upon character related grounds without having received the prior guidance of the Rabbi. SECTION 4 - An applicant for membership must receive a favorable vote of the majority of the Board members present in order to be elected. Should he not have the required number of votes as herein specified, he shall be rejected and his admission fee, if any, refunded. SECTION 5 - Any reference to “member” in the Constitution or By-laws shall exclude a member-not-in-good-standing and a member who is suspended from membership.

ARTICLE IV - FINANCIAL COMMITMENTS SECTION 1a - Membership dues, building fund commitments, and other financial charges, commitments, and obligations shall be considered “financial commitments” under this Article. SECTION 1b - Membership dues, building fund commitments, and other financial assessments shall be determined as recommended by the Board of Trustees and approved by the Congregation as presented or as amended. SECTION 1c - Membership dues are payable at the beginning of each fiscal year. All other financial commitments are payable at the times prescribed by the Board of Trustees. SECTION 2a - If a member feels unable to meet the member’s “financial commitments” due to financial hardship within this prescribed period, the member may apply to the Finance Committee for alternative financial arrangements. In making such arrangements, the Finance Committee shall follow any guidelines that may be established by the Board of Trustees. Any arrangement made and agreed to by the Finance Committee and the member shall constitute a revised “financial commitment.” SECTION 2b - If a member is unable to reach a satisfactory arrangement with the Finance Committee, the member may appeal to the Board of Trustees by notifying the Recording Secretary in

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writing of the member’s desire to appeal. The Recording Secretary shall promptly forward the written request for an appeal to the President. SECTION 2c - Upon receipt of a written request appealing a decision of the Finance Committee, the President shall appoint an Appeals Committee of three (3) consisting of the President and two (2) other members of the Board of Trustees who are not members of the Finance Committee. The Appeals Committee shall hear the appeal within forty-five (45) days and shall be authorized to make alternative arrangements with the member by vote of a majority of the Appeals Committee. The Appeals Committee’s decision shall be final. SECTION 3 - A member shall be considered “in good standing” if all prior years’ financial commitments, including voluntary obligations, are paid in full as of the end of the Congregation’s fiscal year. A member who has entered into an alternative financial arrangement due to financial hardship shall remain in good standing as long as the agreement is maintained. It is the member’s responsibility to request an alternative financial arrangement. Personal financial statements will be sent to all members at least quarterly. When these statements contain past-due amounts over one (1) year old, the member will automatically be considered a member “not-in-good-standing” as of the end of the then-current fiscal year. An enclosure will be added one time to the statement advising the member of the delinquency. No other written notification is required but the Treasurer or other person designated by the President will attempt in good faith to discuss the situation with the member. SECTION 4 - If a single member is over seventy (70) years old or if either spouse of a husband and wife membership is over seventy (70) years old, they shall be entitled to opt to pay membership dues at one-half (½) the rate set forth by the Board of Trustees. Any member who is between the ages of sixty-two (62) and sixty-nine (69) as of the Amendment Effective Date and who as of the Amendment Effective Date has elected to pay membership dues at one-half (½) the rate set forth by the Board of Trustees, shall be entitled to continue to receive the benefit of his election. SECTION 5 – If, as of date of the membership application, a single member is over seventy (70) years old or if either spouse of a husband and wife membership is over seventy (70) years old, they shall be entitled to opt to pay the building fund assessment at one-half (1/2) the rate set forth by the Congregation. SECTION 6 - Member-not-in-good-standing status shall remain in effect until all arrears have been paid or until alternative

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financial arrangements have been made. At that time, the member shall automatically be reinstated as a member-in-good-standing. SECTION 7 - A member-not-in-good-standing shall have the same status as a nonmember except for the provision for reinstatement and as otherwise provided in the Constitution and By-Laws.

ARTICLE V - MEETINGS SECTION 1 - The Congregation shall meet once a year. This meeting shall be referred to as the “General Meeting.” The General Meeting shall take place in June of each year. All other membership meetings shall be considered “Special Meetings” as defined herein. SECTION 2 - The President, or in his absence the Vice President, may call a Special Meeting at his own discretion. It shall also be his duty to call a Special Meeting of the Congregation whenever requested to do so in writing by fifteen (15) members of the Congregation in good standing and to call a special meeting of the Board when requested to do so by seven (7) members of the Board or otherwise required by the Constitution and By-Laws. SECTION 3 - At the General Meeting, the following shall take place: (1) the Treasurer on the Board of Trustee’s behalf, shall present to the Congregation: (a) an estimate of income and expenses for the then-current fiscal year, (b) a report on the financial condition of the Congregation, and (c) a budget for the following fiscal year for the Congregation to review and approve as presented or as amended; and (2) election of officers and trustees. SECTION 4 - The budget approved by the Congregation shall constitute authorization for the Board of Trustees or its designee to make expenditures consistent with the descriptions and amounts provided in the budget. All other expenditures shall require approval of the President, Board of Trustees or the membership, depending on the size of the proposed expenditure, as provided for in the Constitution. SECTION 5 - The membership shall be given notice of a meeting, whether it is a General or Special Meeting, in writing, which shall be mailed at least fifteen (15) days prior to the date of the meeting. Notice shall also be given by making a public announcement on each Shabbat morning from the pulpit between the date of such mailing and the General or Special Meeting and any other medium that reaches large numbers of - although not necessarily all – members, such as email. Notice of a General or Special Meeting shall also be made through the Congregation’s weekly publication(s) and, if possible, through any other Congregation publication. Notice of a General Meeting or a

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Special Meeting, whether written or oral, shall set forth: (1) the date, time and place of the meeting; (2) in the case of a General Meeting, the names of all persons nominated, and the position for which each has been nominated irrespective of whether those persons were nominated by the Nominating Committee or by petition; and (3) to the fullest extent possible, the complete agenda for the meeting. In the case of Special Meetings, if the Board of Trustees and/or the President deem conditions to be so emergent as to make it impossible to meet the fifteen (15) day notice requirement and/or all of the notification requirements of this Section then, under such circumstances, the membership shall be provided with as much notice as possible. SECTION 6 - In any election, the rules of Section 5 of Article IX shall apply. SECTION 7 - The time and place of membership and Board of Trustees meetings shall be as authorized by the Board of Trustees. SECTION 8 - Proxies and delegates shall not be permitted at any meetings, except in a situation where a member, due to illness or disability, is physically unable to attend that meeting. In such a situation, it will be left to the sole discretion of the President as to whether that member will be allowed to vote by proxy. Absentee ballots shall be permitted only for those members who notify the President in writing, at least seven (7) days prior to the meeting, that they will be unable to attend the meeting in person: 1) because they will be outside of the New York Metropolitan area; or 2) due to an unavoidable work-related conflict. SECTION 9 - The order of business of the Congregation shall be: 1. Reading of minutes; 2. Correspondence; 3. Committee reports; 4. Old business; 5. New business; 6. Good and welfare; and 7. Adjournment.

ARTICLE VI - QUORUM SECTION 1 - A quorum for Congregation meetings shall consist of twenty percent (20%) of the members-in-good-standing, one of whom shall be legally qualified to preside.

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ARTICLE VII - OFFICERS SECTION 1 - The officers of this Congregation shall consist of a President, Vice President, Treasurer, Financial Secretary, Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, and the Gabbai Rishon. No person shall serve for more than three (3) consecutive one-year terms in any of the offices enumerated in this Article, except for the Gabbai Rishon, which office will not be bound by the term limitations set forth herein.

ARTICLE VIII - NOMINATION OF OFFICERS AND BOARD MEMBERS SECTION 1 - In March of each year, the President shall appoint a Nominating Committee consisting of three (3) general members and three (3) members of the Board of Trustees of the Congregation, one of whom shall be appointed its chairman. It shall prepare a slate of Officers and Trustees for recommendation at the General Meeting. The Nominating Committee shall mail its proposed slate to the membership on or before April 30th of such year. SECTION 2 – Any member who wishes to be nominated as an Officer or Trustee may be so nominated by presenting to the Chairman of the Nominating Committee a petition making such a nomination which shall be signed by at least twenty-five (25%) percent of the members-in-good-standing, within thirty (30) days after the date of mailing of the proposed slate of Officers and Trustees. SECTION 3 - No one may be nominated for any office or for the Board of Trustees, or serve in that capacity, unless he shall have been a member-in-good-standing for the year preceding such nomination. Anyone who loses his “good standing” status while serving in the aforesaid capacity shall be relieved of his position.

ARTICLE IX - ELECTION SECTION 1 - All Officers and Trustees shall be elected annually, not earlier than June 1 nor later than June 30, at the General Meeting called for that purpose and may be elected and remain in office only so long as they remain members-in-good-standing. SECTION 2 - Candidates who are absent from the General Meeting may be elected to office provided that they have notified the President or Chairperson of the Nominating Committee of their willingness to accept the respective office if elected. SECTION 3 - The President, or such other presiding officer as appointed by the President, shall appoint three (3) tellers to properly supervise the counting of votes, including any absentee ballots delivered to the tellers by the President (or his official

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designee) and announce the results. The tellers shall have full and absolute authority, by majority vote of the tellers, to resolve any discrepancies or challenges that may arise with respect to a vote, whether placed in person or by absentee ballot. SECTION 4 - The Recording Secretary shall record the results of the election in the minutes. SECTION 5 - Election to office shall be by closed ballot. When more than one candidate is nominated for an office, the one receiving a majority of the votes cast shall be deemed elected. If no candidate for an office receives a majority, the two candidates receiving the largest number of votes shall be balloted upon. The one receiving the majority of votes cast shall be deemed elected.

ARTICLE X - INSTALLATION OF OFFICERS SECTION 1 - The installation of officers shall take place as of July 1 of each year.

ARTICLE XI - DUTIES OF THE PRESIDENT SECTION 1 - The President shall: (a) preside at all meetings of the Board of Trustees and of the Congregation; (b) ensure that the Constitution, By-Laws, and standing rules of the Board of Trustees and the Congregation are observed; (c) ensure that the officers discharge their duties faithfully; (d) appoint the chairmen of all standing and special committees where the chairmanship is not otherwise provided for; (e) serve ex officio with vote, or designate a Vice President to so serve, on all standing committees; and (f) sign contracts and commitments on behalf of the Congregation at the direction of the Board of Trustees or the Congregation. SECTION 2 - The President shall be entitled to vote only when the vote is by ballot or when the vote would change the result.

ARTICLE XII - DUTIES OF THE VICE PRESIDENT SECTION 1 - The Vice President shall be present at all meetings and assist the President in the discharge of his duties. In the absence of the President, the Vice President shall assume the power and authority vested in the President. SECTION 2 - The Vice President shall be chairman of the Finance Committee. He shall check and approve the financial reports before they are rendered to the Congregation.

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ARTICLE XIII - DUTIES OF THE TREASURER AND FINANCIAL SECRETARY SECTION 1 - The Treasurer shall maintain and disburse all monies on behalf of the Congregation, verify bills payable by the Congregation, and make appropriate entries for monies received and paid in the books of the Congregation. SECTION 2 - The Treasurer may delegate aspects of the Treasurer’s duties to the Financial Secretary, but shall supervise execution and maintain overall responsibility. SECTION 3 - The Treasurer shall deliver all monies, books and papers to the Treasurer’s successor in office. When so requested by the Board of Trustees or the Congregation, the Treasurer shall deliver such monies, books and papers to the President. SECTION 4 - Authorized signatures of checks drawn on the account of the Congregation shall be the President, Vice President, the Treasurer, and the Financial Secretary. The signatures of any two of the authorized signatories shall be required to withdraw funds from or issue checks on the accounts of the Congregation. SECTION 5 - The financial records and cash and investment accounts of the Congregation shall be reviewed annually by the Finance Committee. SECTION 6 - The Treasurer shall keep proper records of all receipts and disbursements by the Congregation, and all monies due to the Congregation’s accounts. He shall keep the Congregation’s financial records in such manner that all accounts between the Congregation and its members, or others, may be known promptly. The Treasurer shall countersign all disbursements signed by authorized officers, except in the case of his absence or incapacity, in which case a Vice-President or the Financial Secretary shall countersign. He shall have custody of all books, records, and documents pertaining to his office, which shall be open for inspection and examination by other officers and the Board of Trustees of the Congregation at reasonable times. He shall have custody of all monies and securities belonging to the Congregation, and shall deposit the same only in such bank and/or vault designated by the Board of Trustees. Access to said vault shall be had by the Treasurer in the presence of the President or Vice-President, or by any two persons designated by the Board of Trustees. The Treasurer shall make an oral report of the finances of the Congregation at the regular Board of Trustees meetings and an annual written report distributed to all members of the Congregation at the General meeting. The Treasurer may call on the Financial Secretary to assist him in fulfilling his duties under

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this section. The Treasurer shall deliver to his successor all property of the Congregation in his possession. SECTION 7 - The Financial Secretary shall assist the Treasurer in the discharge of his duties. He shall also be responsible for supervising, administering, and reporting to the Treasurer all charitable appeals made to the Congregation, for acknowledging all monies, gifts and property contributed to the Congregation, and for sending non-members written acknowledgements of their contributions. The Financial Secretary shall deliver to his successor or to the Treasurer all property of the Congregation in his possession.

ARTICLE XIV - DUTIES OF THE GABBAI RISHON SECTION 1 - The First Gabbai (Rishon) shall be nominated and elected in the same fashion as the other officers of the Congregation. He shall be an officer of the Congregation and entitled to the benefits thereof. SECTION 2 - The Gabbai Rishon shall be chairman of the Religious Committee. SECTION 3 - In the event of the absence of all Gabbaim, the highest ranking male officer present shall act as Gabbai. SECTION 4 - No individual shall officiate at services, at any time, without the expressed authorization of the Gabbaim, who shall act with the advice of the Rabbi on Halachic matters. SECTION 5 - All Gabbaim must be male.

ARTICLE XV - DUTIES OF CORRESPONDING SECRETARY SECTION 1 - The Corresponding Secretary shall notify all members of all Congregation and Board meetings. Notice of Board Meetings may be made through the weekly Congregation publication. SECTION 2 - The Corresponding Secretary shall collect and distribute all correspondence mailed to the Congregation.

ARTICLE XVI - DUTIES OF THE RECORDING SECRETARY SECTION 1 - The Recording Secretary shall keep an accurate record of the proceedings of the Congregation. SECTION 2 - The Recording Secretary shall be present at every meeting of the Congregation and present all necessary records of office. The Recording Secretary shall deliver all books, papers

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and other property under his care to the Recording Secretary’s successor in office.

ARTICLE XVII - BOARD OF TRUSTEES SECTION 1 - The Board of Trustees of the Congregation shall be comprised of the following:

(a) All of the elected officers, who shall be Board members by virtue of, and solely as long as, their service as officers.

(b) Twelve (12) Trustees who are not officers. (c) The past Presidents, as prescribed in Section 3 below. (d) The Presidents of the Sisterhood and Men’s Club or their

permanent delegates.

SECTION 2 - At the annual election following the effective day of this constitutional provision, all twelve (12) trustees shall be elected: four (4) shall be elected for three (3) year terms, four (4) shall be elected for two (2) year terms, and four (4) shall be elected for one (1) year terms. Every year thereafter, four (4) shall be elected each for a three (3) year term. SECTION 3 - The Past Presidents shall become members of the Board of Trustees for the two (2) years immediately following the term of the presidency and shall qualify for such Board membership if he has served at least one (1) term as President. SECTION 4 - The quorum for a Board meeting shall be twelve (12) members of the Board of Trustees. SECTION 5 - The Congregation, at a Special Meeting called for that purpose, may increase the number of the Board of Trustees under Section 1b of this Article in increments of three (3); one-third of such new members shall be elected for a three (3) year term, one-third of such new members shall be elected for a two (2) year term, and one-third shall be elected for a one (1) year term. SECTION 6 - The Board of Trustees shall have custody of all property belonging to the Congregation and shall manage the affairs of the Congregation subject to this Constitution. SECTION 7 - The Board of Trustees shall determine its own rules of government and meetings, provided such rules do not conflict with the Constitution. Such rules shall be in writing and may not be changed except by a special Board of Trustees meeting called for

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such purpose. A majority of those attending such meeting shall be adequate to revise such rules. SECTION 8 - The Board of Trustees shall have the right to conclude all contracts not exceeding five thousand ($5,000.00) dollars. Contracts in excess of this amount may be concluded by the Board of Trustees provided that the members of the Congregation are given written notice of the expenditure and the opportunity to be present at the Board of Trustees meeting at which the expenditure will be discussed. SECTION 9 - The President shall have the power to authorize the expenditure of a sum not to exceed seven hundred and fifty ($750.00) dollars between regular Meetings of the Congregation or the Board of Trustees. SECTION 10 - The Board of Trustees shall accept the written resignation of any member of the Congregation. SECTION 11 - The Board of Trustees shall have the power to suspend or expel any member for improper or immoral conduct or for the violation of the rules of the Congregation. In addition, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to suspend or expel any member who willfully refuses to abide by the ruling of a Bet Din, especially in those situations where a person has been directed to grant his spouse a “Get” under Jewish law. However, the Board of Trustees shall not suspend or expel any member, for any reason, without having received the prior guidance of the Rabbi, except as set forth in Article IV herein. SECTION 12 - Any seven (7) members of the Board of Trustees may appeal to the Congregation from any decision or act of the Board of Trustees within ten (10) days thereafter. The appeal must be in writing, addressed to the President, whose duty it shall be to call a meeting of the Congregation within fifteen (15) days of the filing of such an appeal. SECTION 13 - Nothing herein contained shall limit the power of the Congregation at a Special Meeting or General Meeting, from reconsidering and revising the decision of the Board of Trustees, nor limit the Board of Trustee’s right to reconsider and revise such prior Board of Trustees decisions, with respect to any aspect of such decision that has not already been carried out.

ARTICLE XVIII - VACANCY OF OFFICE SECTION 1 - In the event a member of the Board of Trustees shall (i) be absent from three (3) consecutive meetings without satisfactory excuse;(ii) resign;(iii) consistently fail to

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discharge his duties; or (iv) die, a vacancy shall be declared in the elected office and the Board of Trustees shall (except in the case of the President or Past President) proceed to elect another member who shall serve for the remainder of the term for which the original incumbent was elected.

ARTICLE XIX - THE RABBI SECTION 1 - No person may hold or administer the office of Rabbi in the Congregation unless he shall have true Rabbinical ordination (smicha) from a recognized Yeshiva or authority, and shall conduct himself in an observant Jewish manner in accordance with the laws of authoritative codes of Jewish law. SECTION 2 - The Board, with the advice of a “Rabbi Search” Committee, shall by vote of at least the majority of its membership recommend the Rabbi to be engaged by the Congregation. The membership shall approve such engagement by a vote of at least the majority of the membership in good standing. The Board shall indicate its recommended candidate and any other candidates that it deems acceptable. The recommended candidate shall be voted on first. If that candidate shall not receive the required majority vote, all acceptable candidates shall be voted upon together. In the event none receives the required majority, the two top vote recipients shall be voted upon in a runoff election. In no event shall a rabbi be selected unless he receives a vote equal at least to a majority of the membership. All votes shall be by closed ballot. SECTION 3 - The Board shall have the right, without any further action by the membership, to establish the terms and conditions of the Rabbi’s employment, with the following exceptions which must be approved by a majority of the members voting at a General or Special Meeting of the Congregation:

1. any reduction in salary from one contract to another; 2. termination of employment; 3. any reduction in salary during a contract period; and 4. any failure to renew the Rabbi’s contract.

The term “reduction of salary” includes any change in terms and conditions of employment that results in a material adverse effect on the Rabbi’s living standard. SECTION 4 - Where by Board decision there is a failure to renew or a renewal offer at a lower salary, the terms and conditions of the

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prior contract shall continue to apply until the Congregation approves the Board decision or otherwise acts on the matter. SECTION 5 - The duties of the spiritual leader shall include all functions allocated to the office of Rabbi; he shall conduct religious services and shall be the authority for all religious aspects of such services and for all religious functions of the Congregation; he shall deliver sermons on such occasions as he shall determine and shall supervise activities conducted under the sponsorship of the Congregation. He will have sole jurisdiction and authority to rule on matters of halacha subject only to appeal, by the President on behalf of the Congregation, with the approval of the Board of Trustees, to the Beth Din of the Rabbinical Council of America.

ARTICLE XX - STANDING COMMITTEES SECTION 1 - There shall be the following standing committees whose chairmen shall be appointed at the first meeting of each new administration by the President:

1. Executive Committee; 2. House Committee; 3. Finance Committee; 4. Membership Committee; 5. Constitution and By-Laws Committee; 6. Religious Committee; 7. Tzedakah Committee; 8. Education Committee; 9. Youth Committee

SECTION 2 - The Executive Committee shall consist of all elected officers. The Committee shall execute the programs adopted by the Board of Trustees, and shall act between meetings of the Board of Trustees to exercise all such powers as may be delegated to it by the Board of Trustees. It shall also have charge of permitting the use of the Congregation’s property and premises for various functions, which authority may be delegated to the President, who shall consult with the Rabbi in exercising his discretion under this section. SECTION 3 - The House Committee shall supervise and be responsible for the maintenance of the Synagogue in regard to its property and premises. SECTION 4 - The Finance Committee shall include at least the Treasurer and the Vice-President (who shall be its chairperson). It shall prepare and present to the Board of Trustees an end-of-year financial statement within thirty (30) days of the close of

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the fiscal year. It shall also submit to the Board of Trustees in advance of the General Meeting of the Congregation an estimate of income and expenses for the following year. It shall devise methods of acquiring funds when necessary for the operation of the Congregation. It shall assess and plan for the longer-term financial needs of the Congregation. It shall review and make recommendations on proposed contracts and expenditures and shall prepare other financial analyses and reports whenever so requested by the President or the Board of Trustees. It shall review the accounting procedures of the Congregation and, when necessary, make recommendations for change. SECTION 5 - The Membership Committee shall be charged with the duty of securing desirable applicants for membership. It shall investigate all applications and submit recommendations concerning candidates for membership to the Board of Trustees as provided for in the Constitution and By-Laws of the Congregation. SECTION 6 - The Constitution Committee shall review proposed amendments to the Constitution or By-Laws and make recommendations to the Board of Trustees and the Congregation. It shall offer interpretations of the provisions of the Constitution and By-Laws when requested to do so by the President or the Board of Trustees. It shall periodically review the Constitution and, when necessary, propose changes to the Board of Trustees. SECTION 7 - The Religious Committee shall assist the Rabbi and Gabbai Rishon in the discharge of their duties. The chairman shall be the Gabbai Rishon.

ARTICLE XXI - AMENDMENTS SECTION 1 - This Constitution with the exception of Section 1a through 1e of Article II, shall be subject to change or amendment by two-thirds (⅔) vote of the members-in-good-standing voting at a General Meeting or Special Meeting, provided that the proposed change or amendment shall have been included in the agenda accompanying the meeting notice and the provisions of this Article XXI have been fulfilled. SECTION 2a - Change or amendments to the Constitution may be proposed by the Board of Trustees or by a petition signed by at least ten (10) members-in-good-standing submitted to the Recording Secretary. SECTION 2b - A proposed change or amendment shall be submitted to the membership for vote no more than ninety (90) days from the vote of the Board or receipt of a petition.

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SECTION 2c - The Constitution Committee shall review any proposed change or amendment and present its recommendation to the Board of Trustees and the Congregation. SECTION 2d - A proposed change or amendment must be voted on as presented, and may not be changed or amended at the General or Special Meeting. SECTION 3 - The Congregation may change or amend the By-Laws by majority vote at any General Meeting or Special Meeting, provided that the proposed change or amendment shall have been included in the agenda accompanying the meeting notice.

ARTICLE XXII - MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS SECTION 1 - Any issue not provided for in the Constitution or By-Laws shall be governed by Robert’s Rules of Order. SECTION 2 - Upon adoption, this Constitution and By-Laws shall supersede any prior Constitution, By-Laws, or standing rule of the Congregation. SECTION 3 - Should any provision of the Constitution be judged to be illegal or without validity, then the remainder of this Constitution shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect. SECTION 4 - the Beth Din of the Rabbinical Council of America shall be the sole forum for any halachic or legal dispute that may arise under this Constitution or that otherwise relates to the Congregation.

AHAVAT ACHIM, ORTHODOX CONGREGATION OF FAIR LAWN

RESOLUTIONS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION

WHEREAS, Ahavat Achim, Orthodox Congregation of Fair Lawn (“Congregation”), currently provides for 12 trustees on the board who are not officers of the Congregation, in addition to each of the Presidents of the Sisterhood and Men’s Club being Board Members; WHEREAS, the Chairman of the Marketing Committee (commonly known as the Marketing Director) has become a critical person to the success of the Congregation; WHEREAS, limitations were previously placed on voting by absentee ballot and/or proxy at membership meetings to (1) allow for amendments to one or more resolutions being proposed for adoption and (2) assure that members did not vote on important matters without being fully informed of all relevant facts underlying such matters, which it was felt could only be assured if such members were present at the meeting to listen to and/or partake in a fair and open discussion on the merits of the matters being considered; WHEREAS, it is believed that the size of Board is larger than is effective and that on most matters it should be permissible to allow each member to vote on matters being presented without the member being present if he or she chooses not to attend, while understanding that this may not be appropriate in all cases; WHEREAS, it is believed that the Marketing Director should be designated as an officer of the Congregation, and become thereby a member of the Executive Committee; WHEREAS, it is believed that the position of Corresponding Secretary should be eliminated, and any tasks currently designated as that of the Corresponding Secretary should transferred to the Recording Secretary; WHEREAS, it is believed that it is no longer necessary for the Men’s Club President and/or Sisterhood President to automatically be members of the Board of Trustees; WHEREAS, certain related nonsubstantive changes to the Constitution also will be necessary to effectuate the foregoing; WHEREAS, the Constitution Committee has recommended to the Board of Trustees the passage of the following resolutions amending the Congregation’s Constitution; WHEREAS, the Board of Trustees recommends to the Membership the passage of the following resolution amending the Congregation’s Constitution and By-Laws;

NOW THEREFORE, IT IS HEREBY:

RESOLVED, that Article XVII, Section 1, be amended to read as follows: The Board of Trustees of the Congregation shall be comprised of the following:

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(a) All of the elected officers, who shall be Board members by virtue of, and solely as long as, they serve as officers. (b) Nine (9) Trustees who are not officers. (c) The past Presidents, as prescribed in Section 3 below. (d) If, within 30 days of becoming President of either the Sisterhood or Men’s Club such President notifies the President of the Congregation of her or his desire, respectively, of being a member of Board of Trustees, and such Sisterhood or Men’s Club President is not otherwise a member of the Board of Trustees by means of (a) through (c), above, the number of Board Members shall be increased so as to include such Sisterhood or Men’s Club President through the remainder of her or his term. This Section 1(d) shall not apply in the case of co-Presidents. Notwithstanding the immediate amending of the Constitution as set forth above, the reduction of the number of Trustees to nine shall occur over three years, such that there will be 11 trustees for fiscal year 2019 and 10 trustees for fiscal year 2020. RESOLVED, that Article XVII, Section 2, be amended to read as follows: At the annual election three trustees (3) shall be elected each for a three (3) year term. For the avoidance of any doubt, each existing trustee shall continue to be a board member through the remainder or his or her term without regard to any amendment hereby; provided, however, that each of the Presidents of the Sisterhood and Men’s Club shall immediately cease to be Trustees, and further participation as Trustees by such Presidents shall only be as set forth in Article XVII, Section 1, as hereby amended.

RESOLVED, that Article IV, Section 4, shall be amended to delete the last sentence thereof. RESOLVED, that Article V, Section 3, shall be amended to read as follows: At the General Meeting, the Treasurer on the Board of Trustee’s behalf, shall present to the Congregation: (a) an estimate of income and expenses for the then-current fiscal year, (b) a report on the financial condition of the Congregation, and (c) a budget for the following fiscal year for the Congregation to review. Only the following votes shall take place at such meeting: (1) a vote to approve the budget as presented, (2) election of officers and trustees as set forth in the notice of such meeting, and (3) such other matters to be voted on as set forth in the notice of such meeting. RESOLVED, that Article V, Section 5, shall be amended to read as follows:

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The membership shall be given notice of a meeting, whether it is a General or Special Meeting, in writing (in physical or electronic form, or both, in the discretion of the President), which shall be distributed at least fifteen (15) days prior to the date of the meeting. Because the shul may not have up to date mailing or email addresses for all members, such notice shall also be given by making a public announcement on each Shabbat morning from the pulpit between the date of such distribution and the General or Special Meeting, and shall also appear in any weekly publication of the Congregation designed to disseminate information on all upcoming shul events. The written notice (whether in physical or electronic form, shall set forth: (1) the date, time and place of the meeting; (2) in the case of a General Meeting, the names of all persons nominated, and the position for which each has been nominated irrespective of whether those persons were nominated by the Nominating Committee or by petition; and (3) to the fullest extent possible, the complete agenda for the meeting. In the case of Special Meetings, if the Board of Trustees and/or the President deem conditions to be so emergent as to make it impossible to meet the fifteen (15) day notice requirement and/or all of the notification requirements of this Section then, under such circumstances, the membership shall be provided with as much notice as possible. RESOLVED, that Article V, Section 8, shall be amended to read as follows: Absentee ballots shall be permitted in all cases requiring a membership vote at any General or Special meeting. Such absentee ballots must be delivered to the President prior to the meeting in writing, via facsimile, in electronic format (including via website or similar ballots), or in any other manner that the Board may direct. If a majority of the members physically present at such a General or Special Meeting vote to amend the resolution to be voted on, the vote on such amended resolution will immediately be tabled, and all absentee ballots related to the resolution as originally drafted shall be null and void. The President shall within seven (7) days thereof call for a Special Meeting to vote on the resolution as amended, subject to the foregoing, such meeting to take place no later than one month after the date the original resolution was to be considered. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there shall be no vote taken to amend any resolution to be voted on at a Congregation meeting unless ten percent (10%) of the members-in-good-standing are physically in attendance at such meeting. RESOLVED, that Article VI shall be amended by adding a new Section 2 to read as follows: SECTION 2 - All members-in-good-standing submitting valid absentee ballots shall be counted in determining whether a quorum has been reached, whether or not such members are physically present at the Congregation meeting. RESOLVED, that all references in the Constitution to Recording Secretary shall be amended to read as “Executive Secretary”.

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RESOLVED, that all references in the Constitution to Membership Committee shall be amended to read as “Marketing Committee”. RESOLVED, that Article XV shall be deleted in its entirety and replaced with the following: ARTICLE XV - DUTIES OF MARKETING DIRECTOR

SECTION 1 - The Marketing Director shall be Responsible for coordinating the shul's marketing, programming, and membership efforts with the Marketing Committee. SECTION 2 - The Marketing Director shall be Chairman of the Marketing Committee. RESOLVED, that Article XVI shall be amended by adding at the end thereof a new section, as follows: SECTION 3 - The Executive Secretary shall collect and distribute all correspondence mailed to the Congregation. RESOLVED, that Article VII, Section 1, shall be amended to read as follows: SECTION 1 - The officers of this Congregation shall consist of a President, Vice President, Treasurer, Financial Secretary, Executive Secretary, Marketing Director, and the Gabbai Rishon. No person shall serve for more than three (3) consecutive one-year terms in any of the offices enumerated in this Article, except for the Gabbai Rishon, which office will not be bound by the term limitations set forth herein.