week 9 questions

8/3/2019 Week 9 Questions

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QMU WEEKLY QUESTIONS

Week: 9

Module: Nervous System and Special Senses

1. All are the changes occurring during dark adaptation except?

A. Increase retinal sensitivity to light

B. Decline in visual threshold

C. Visual acuity is largeD. Dilatation of the pupils

2. Which of the following is false about the changes occurring during light adaptation?

A. Decreased retinal sensitivity

B. Decrease visual threshold

C. Constriction of the pupils

D. Breakdown of photosensitive pigments in the rods and cone

3. Which of the following is true regarding of retinal?

A. Rods are not sensitive to light and function for scotopic vision

B. Cones have low sensitive to light and function for photopic vision

C. Cones have high light threshold for scotopic visionD. Details of object by Rods are well seen

4. Which of the following is not the characteristic of colour?

A. There is a complementary colour when properly mixed with it producing black sensation

B. Have three attributes which are hue, intensity and saturation

C. There is a complementary colour when properly mixed with it producing white sensation

D. Red, green and blue are primary colour

5. All are the trichromatic mechanism of colour vision by the retina except?

A. Have 3 kinds of cone with different photopigment

B. Each of the three photochemical pigment is not affected by its wave length

C. If three types of cones are equally stimulated producing white sensationD. Colour processing takes place in ganglion cell of retina and lateral geniculate nucleus

produce impulses that pass along neural pathways to visual cortex

6. Choose the FALSE statements regarding sound waves

A. Consist of alternate region of compression and rarefaction of air molecules.B. Low pressure is needed to cause disturbance of air molecules than the fluid due to its

inertia.

C. Its characterized by pitch, intensity and timbre.D. It will be magnified by the outer and middle ear.

7. Choose the FALSE pair

A. Frequency : audible range extend in humans from 20 to 20 000 c/sec.B. Intensity: Sound greater than 100 Db can damage the cochlea permanentlyC. Timbre: Responsible for characteristic differences in voicesD. Pitch: Greatest sensitivity is above 4000 Hz


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8. Choose the correct answers regarding the function of the external ear.

I. Ear pinna increases the sound energy reaching the tympanic membrane.II. Plays an important role in sound localizationIII. Its resonance effect adds 15-20 db to sound pressure at tympanic membrane.IV. It causes the tympanic membrane to be tensed.A. I,IIB. II,IIIC. I,II,IVD. I,II,III

9. Which of the following are related to the tympanic membrane.

I. Acts as a resonator.II. Its anatomical surface is 62sq mm,while the physiological surface area is 55sq mm.III. It only can transmit sound waves in tensed state.IV. Attach to the handle of the stappes.A. I,IIB. II,IIIC. I,II,IVD. I,II,III

10. Choose the correct statements regarding functions of the middle ear.

I. Lever action of of malleus and incus amplify the sound pressure by increasing the forceof movement by 1.3 times.

II. The areal ratio of tympanic membrane and oval window is (55/3.2)sq.mm.III. Total amplification of sound waves made by the structures in middle ear give it 22 times

more stronger.IV. Impedance matching is important as to prevent incoming sound energy to be greatlywasted.

A. I,II

B. II,III

C. I,II,IV

D. All of the above

11. Which of the following colour is not primary colour?

A. BlueB. GreenC. YellowD. Red


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12. All of the following is true about the characteristic of colour except

A. Colours have three attribute: hue, intensity, and saturationB. For any colour, there is a complementary colour that, when properly mixed with it, produces

a sensation of white.

C. The sensation of white, any spectral colour, and even the extraspectral colour can beproduced by mixing various proportions of red light, green light and blue light.

D. Black is probably not a positive sensation

13. Which of the following statement is not true about colour blindness?

A. Abnormal colour vision is present as an inherited abnormality in Caucasian populations inabout 8% males and 0.4% females

B. Defects of the blue cones are rare and show no sexual selectivityC. Abnormalities of the red or green cones are inherited as dominantD. The abnormalities in red or green colour are due to abnormal gene on X-chromosome

14. Which of the following is true about area 17?

A. Movement of objectB. Fusion of visual imageC. Perception and begin analysis of visual detailsD. All of the above

15. All of the statement below are true about lateral geniculate body of the thalamus except

A. Its main function is to relay visual information from optic tract to visual cortex by the way ofoptic radiation

B. It is arranged in five cellular layerC.

It is located in the dorsal thalamus

D. The magno-cellular portion of lateral geniculate body receives input from M ganglion cells16. Which of the following are true regarding Organ of Corti?

I. There are 20 000 outer hair cells

II. There are 3500 inner hair cells

III. Otolithic membrane covering the hair cells

IV. Located on the basilar membrane

A. I, II and III C. I, III and IV

B. I, II and IV D. All of the above17. Which part of the inner ear is responsible for maintaining the endocochlear potential?

A. Basilar membrane

B. Tectorial membrane

C. Organ of corti

D. Stria vascularis


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18. Degree of displacement of basilar membrane is responsible for

A. Intensity analysis

B. Pitch analysis

C. Timbre analysis

D. Transduction

19. Choose the TRUE statement

I. High pitched sounds generate waves near the base of cochlear

II. Both hair cells transform the mechanical forces of sound to electrical impulse

III. Each group of fibers of basilar membrane responds to specific frequency

IV. Lateral displacement of stereocilia and kinocilium cause influx of sodium

A. I and II

B. I and IIIC. II and III

D. III and IV

20. During depolarization, which of the following event will NOT occur?

A. Release of transmitter

B. Firing of action potential

C. Chloride outflux

D. Calcium influx21. Which are types of sound transmission?

A. Wave conductionB. Bone conductionC. Air conductionD. Both B and C

22. What are the causes of conduction deafness?

A. Damage of auditory cortex on both sidesB. Damage of hearing pathway beyond cochlear nerveC.

Damage of tympanic membrane

D. Degeneration of hair cells23. All the following is TRUE except :

A. In nerve deafness the person is completely deaf if there is unilateral destructionB. Cochlear implants have become available in recent yearsC. Types of deafness are conduction deafness and sensorineural deafnessD. High intensity sounds can damage the basilar membrane


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24. What is function of specific part of the auditory pathway?

I- Superior olivary nucleus site of relayII- Inferior colliculus center of auditory reflexesIII- Area 41 and 42 discrimination of pitch, intensity and timbreIV- Area 21 associate sound information with information from other sensory areas of the

cortex

A. I, II and IIIB. I, II and IVC. II, III and IVD. All of the above

25. What are the structures involved in the sound localization?

I- Ear pinnaII- Dorsal cochlear nucleusIII- Superior olivary nucleusIV- Inferior colliculusA. I and IIB. I and IIIC. II and IVD. I, II and III

26. From which the collateral branches comes from

A. Spiral ganglionB. Cochlear nucleiC. Superior olivary nucleusD. Inferior colliculus

27. All of the following are TRUE about types of sound transmission EXCEPT

A. Air conduction is conducted to cochlea by ossicular route which is the most efficient routeB. Bone conduction also plays a role in transmission of normal loud soundsC. Sound waves can be conducted via vibration of secondary tympanic membraneD. Considerable bone conduction occurs when tuning forks are applied directly to the skull

28. All of the following are FALSE about deafness EXCEPT

A. In the conduction deafness, the bone and air conduction are lostB. Prolonged use of antibiotics can damage the fiber of the basilar membraneC. Closure of the Eustachian tube as in common cold can cause conduction deafnessD. Unilateral lesion of primary auditory center gives deafness at opposite sideE. Lesion of cochlear produces unilateral deafness on the opposite side

Many collateral branches are given off to the reticular formation

leading to brain arousal


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29. Choose the correct statement regarding the taste and smell sensation:

I Olfaction and qustation(taste) constitute mechanical senses

II Both of them are anatomically and morphologically distinct but complement each

other as SVA (special visceral afferents)

III The receptor of taste are microvili of taste buds while the receptor for olfaction are

cilia of olfactory cells

IV Both of them are innervated by cranial nerve 7th

,9th

,10th

(facial, hypoglossal and

vagus nerve)

A. I ONLYB. I & II ONLYC. II,III & IV ONLYD. III & IV ONLY

30. All of the following are INCORRECT regarding receptor potential in the taste cells EXCEPT:

A. Depolarization of the receptor membrane causes voltage-gated Ca2+ channel to openB. Increase in calcium level in the taste cells causes depolarization of the receptor membraneC. Influx of Na+ ion into the taste cell receptor is triggered by bitter and sweet tasteD. Salty taste leads to closure of potassium channel in the receptor membrane

31. Choose the INCORRECT answer regarding taste perception:

A. Taste does not have specificity in its pathwayB. Each taste receptor can respond to only one type of chemicalsC. Many receptor converge on ONE afferent neuronD. Perception of taste by higher centre depend on the activity of multiple afferent neuron

32. Choose the CORRECT answer regarding olfactory pathway

A. The cilia of olfactory cells constitute the specificity of the smell sensationB. Each glomeruli respond to different type of odourC. Olfactory tract terminate at the brain and divides into 2 pathways which is superior or

inferior olfactory areas

D. The medial olfactory areas concern with emotional associated response while lateralolfactory area concern with memory associated response

33. The following are correct regarding TASTE and SMELL sensation EXCEPT:

A. Adaptation of olfactory system occur at the central and receptor level while the adaptationof gustatory system occur in the CNS

B. The bipolar olfactory sensory receptor are located in a ganglionC. Taste is 80% smellD. Damage to solitary nucleus can cause ageusia


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34. The following statements are true regarding the stimulants of semicircular canals except:

A. Caloric stimulation: Irrigation of inner ear with hot or cold water leading to convectioncurrents within the endolymph and stimulation of cupula

B. Galvanic stimulation: Low voltage galvanic current applied to mastoid process leading tostimulation of crista ampullaris nerve endings

C. Labyrinthine disease as: Labyrinthitis,vestibular neuritis and menieres diseaseD. Motion sickness: Due to repetitive stimulation of SCC with endolymph movement

35. Which of the following is false regarding the mode of action of SCC during rotation?

A. At rest,both cupula of the right and left horizontal SCC are central with equal bilateraldischarges

B. On stop of rotation,endolymph continues to move by its inertiaC. Within 30 seconds after rotation stops the endolymph stop movingD. Increase rate of discharge from right side gives a sense of rotation from left to roght

36. The effects of Semicircular canal stimulation are the following except:

A. Autonomic changes in the form of nausea,vomiting,bradycardia and hypotensionB. Increased muscle tone at the stimulated side and decrease muscle tone on the opposite sideC. Vertigo is felt after rotation stops in the same direction to original rotationD. Nystagmus is the jerky movement of the eye observed whenever the SCC is stimulated

37. Choose the false causes of vertigo:

A. Errors of refractionB. Acute alcoholismC. Over dose of streptomycinD. Motion sickness

38. The pathological causes of nystagmus are the following except:

A. Cerebellar diseasesB. Inner ear disordersC. Defective visionD. Lesion in the floor of third ventricle


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ANSWERS

1 C 355 8 D 15 B 360 22 C 29 C 36 C 310

2 B 356 9 D 16 B 23 A 30 A 37 B 310

3 B 356 10 D 17 D 24 A 386 31 B 38 D 311

4 A 357 11 C 357 18 A 25 B 388 32 D

5 B 358 12 D 357 19 B 26 C 386 33 B

6 B 13 C 358 20 C 27 B 389 34 A 308

7 D 14 D 362 21 D 28 C 389 35 B 308

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