week 4 worlds entangled
TRANSCRIPT
Worlds Entangled:Religion, State Building and the Atlantic
World
Week 4
Overview
• 1500 – 1700• Last Week:
– Age of Exploration• State Building
– Japan• Religious Conflicts
– Reformation– Philip II– 30 Years’ War
• Economic Expansion– Mercantilism– Colonies– Africa – Labor
Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland, 1581
Japan
Japan
• Sengoku (16th century)– Emperor– Shogun
• Tokugawa Shogunate (1600 – 1867)– Tokugawa Ieyusu (r. 1600 –
1616)– Bakufu– Edo
• Culture– Ukiyo– Kabuki
Japanese Society• Class
– Daimyo– Merchants– Peasants
• Religion– Shintoism– Buddhism– Neo-Confucianism– Christianity– Shimabara, 1638
• Trade– Dutch Learning
• Military
New Religious Wars
The Reformation• Renaissance
– Printing Press– Humanism– Sir Thomas More, 1478-1535
• Utopia, 1516
• Martin Luther, 1483-1546– University of Wittenberg– 95 Theses, 1517
• Luther’s Beliefs– Doctrine of Justification– The Bible– Indulgences– PopeSir Thomas More, by Hans Holbein
the Younger, 1527
p372
Martin Luther and Katherina von Bora
Lutheranism Spreads
• Charles V, 1500 -1558– Holy Roman Emperor
• Diet of Worms, 1521– Frederick, Elector of
Saxony• German princes• Peace of Augsburg, 1555• Calvinism• Anglicanism
Titian, Charles V, 1547
Peace of Augsburg, 1555
Catholic/Counter-Reformation
• Council of Trent (1545-1563)
• Jesuits, 1540– St. Ignatius of Loyola
(1491-1556)– St. Francis Xavier
(1506-1552) • The Conquest of
Jerusalem, 1539
Father Marquette Memorial (Marquette, MI, 1910)
Marquette, Michigan
Philip II of Spain(b. 1527, r. 1556-1598)
• Height of Spanish power• Son of Charles V• Empire included Portugal,
Naples, Netherlands, Americas and England (sort of)
• Legados • Foreign policy: Catholic Church
– Council of Trent
Titian, Philip II, c. 1554.
Philip II of Spain
Philip’s Wars• Navy• Battle of Lepanto, 1571
– Holy/Catholic League (Spain, Pope, Knights of Malta, Italian city-states) vs. Ottoman Empire
• The Netherlands• The Spanish Armada, 1588
– Had married Mary Tudor, therefore claimed England
– Elizabeth I defends new Protestant realm
– “Protestant Wind”Battle of Lepanto, Paolo Veronese, c. 1572
Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)
• Holy Roman Empire• Defenestration of
Prague• 25-30% of German pop.
Killed• France• Peace of Westphalia,
1648• Lessons
The Thirty Years’ War
Assault on a ConvoyJan Brueghel the Elder and Sebastian Vrancx
“Wealth is power and power is wealth.”
-Thomas Hobbes
Mercantilism
• Definition • Silver• Zero sum game• Specie• Monetization
• Government Role• Global Trade• Tariffs • Territories/Colonies• Board of Trade, 1696• Canton System, 1759
Trade Routes
Spanish Piece of Eight,Philip V, 1739
Commodities
• New Colonies• Commodities
– Silk – Coffee & Tea – Tools – Pelts– Tobacco– Rice – Sugar
• Specie– Silver
• Potosi, 1545
Commodities
New Colonies
• Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
• Jamestown, 1607• Quebec, 1608• New Amsterdam, 1623• Massachusetts Bay
Colony, 1630
American Colonies
Atlantic World
American Colonies• Mercantilism• Chartered Companies
– Virginia Company– Dutch East India Company– Mississippi Company
• Spanish– Hacienda – Peninsulars– Creoles– Mestizos
• French– Middle Ground– Metis
• English/British– Plantations– Mulattos
The Mississippi Company Bubble, 1720
18th Century, New Spain
West Africa
• Empire of Mali– Sundiata – Battle of Kirina, 1215– Wealth – Islam – Mansa Musa (r. 1312-
1337)• Songhai Empire (1450-
1591)– Sunni Ali (r. 1464-1493)
Mansa Musa
Labor
• Prosperity– Commodities– Trade and Colonies
• Labor– Serfs– Encomiendas– Criminals– Indentured Servants– Slaves
Slavery
Slavery • Historically
– POWs• Islamic Slave Trade• Americas
– Middle Passage– Tight Packing vs. Loose Packing
• Indentured Servants– Bacon’s Rebellion, 1676
• African Response– Kingdom of Kongo– Benin – Loango– Asante
African States, 1500–1650
35Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved.
No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Queen Nzinga (r. 1623-1663)
African Slave Trade