week 4 overview review homework-oral practice

Business 86, Medical Terminology

Week 4 OverviewReview homework-oral practiceGetting ready for the test using pages

25-32 in syllabus Chapter 4- pages 40-59-lecture-

outline in syllabus pages 33-36Abbreviation set 4 Homework


Pages 25-32- Study for next weeks test- Questions?


Week #4 Body StructureThe Body as a Whole


PhysiologyThe study of body function

AnatomyThe study of body structure


The body has levels of organization

Cells - Cyt/o - cytology the study of cells the basic structural units of life

Tissue - Hist/o - histology the study of tissuesa group of specialized cells that join to perform specific

functions Organ

two or more tissue types Systems

a group of organs and tissues that are organized to perform a function

Organism The 10-11 systems that together make up the human

organism capable of independent existence


Body Systems• Integumentary• Gastrointestinal-GI (Digestive)• Respiratory• Cardiovascular-CV (Circulatory)• Immune (Blood and Lymph)• Musculoskeletal• Urinary- GU (Genitourinary MR)• Female Reproduction (Reproduction)• Endocrine• Nervous• (Special Senses)


The Disease Process Etiology - the study of

the cause of the disease

Idiopathic - unknown origin

Pathology - the study of disease

Pathogenesis - the origin or development of a disease


Diagnosis - Dx - putting a picture together about the patient– Signs and Symptoms (S&Sx)

Sign is something that can be seen, heard, smelled, or felt- objective information

Symptom is something the patient complains about- subjective information

R/O - rule out a diagnosis or diagnoses


Good prognosis – Strepthroat

Poor prognosis - HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

Prognosis - the outcome of a disease


Treatment - Tx - Treatment of a disease

Medical Medication

SurgicalRemove/Repair

Combination of both

Both forms of treatment can be either cure or palliative (treat signs and symptoms)


ANATOMICAL POSITION

Standing erect face, palms, and feet forward `

Always refer to the patient’s right and left


Body Planes, Body Cavities, and the Spine


Body Planes

Imaginary linesdrawn through the body to separate thebody into sections/divisions.


Midsagittal or Median:

Anatomical Division

Divides the body into right and left sides


Coronal or Frontal Plane:

Anatomical Division

Divides the body into Anterior-Front and Posterior- back sections.


Transverse or Horizontal Plane:

Anatomical Division

Divides the body into a Superior- top and Inferior- bottom half


The medical terms for the spine areVertebr/oSpondyl/o

Next we will look at the vertebrae:


Cervical-7- C1-C-7-located in the neck

Thoracic-12- T1-T12- located in the upper back

Lumbar- 5- L1-L5- located in the lower back

Sacrum- which is 5 fused vertebrae

Coccyx- which is up to 4 tiny fused bones

The Human Vertebrae


The first cervical vertebrae located in the neck is called the atlas


The second cervical vertebrae is called the Axis


Body Cavities:Spaces within the body which contain vital organs-


Dorsal (Back side)

1. Cranial Cavity = contains the brain2. Spinal Cavity = contains the spinal

cord


Ventral (belly side) Cavities:

1. Thoracic Cavity = located in the chest, contains the heart, lungs, and the large blood vessels


Abdominopelvic Cavity

2. Abdominopelvic Cavity This large cavity contains organs of digestion, reproduction and urinary systems. It also contains the spleen which is part of the immune system.

Business 86, Medical TerminologyAbdominopelvic: Quadrants

1. Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)2. Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)3. Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)4. Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)


Quadrants and the organs they contain

RUQ- Liver, Gallbladder RLQ- Appendix, Female Reproduction LUQ- Stomach, Pancreas, Spleen LLQ- Sigmoid Colon, Female Reproduction


Directional Terms

Anterior - front side Superficial - closer to the surface Internal - deep Abduction - movement away from the midline Adduction - movement towards the midline


Medial - Middle Lateral - Side Superior - Towards the head - upper Inferior - Towards the feet - lower


Proximal - close to the point of reference or attachment

Distal - away from the point of reference or attachment

Supine - face upProne - face down


Sign (S) - something you can use your senses to diagnose the patient

Symptom - (Sx) - something the patient complains of

Dx - diagnosis


Posterior - back Parietal - outer lining Visceral - inner lining, internal organ Inversion - turning inward Eversion - turning outward AP - anterior/posterior MRI - Magnetic Resonance Imaging CT Scan - Computed Tomography Scan X-ray - Radiological study


RUQ - Right upper quadrant

RLQ - Right lower quadrant

LUQ - Left upper quadrant

LLQ - Left lower quadrant


Sono - sonogram

Lat - lateralROM - range of motion


Fowler’s - sitting uprightsemi-Fowler’shigh-Fowler’s

Positions in Bed

Sims - lying on the left side

Trendelenberg - Shock positionthe head is down and legs up

Lateral recumbent- comfort with pillows

Lithotomy- Childbirth


Body Structure Review Worksheet

RUQ LUQRLQ LLQ

3. Body Planes- Midsagittal- Right and Left sides Coronal/Frontal- Anterior and Posterior Transverse/Horizontal- Superior and Inferior

4. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

1. Spinal, cranial, thoracic, abdominopelvic

2. RUQ- liver and gall bladder RLQ- appendix and female reproduction LUQ- stomach, pancreas and spleen LLQ- sigmoid colon and female reproduction


Abbreviation Set #41. AP- anterior/posterior2. CA- cancer3. cm- centimeter4. cc- cubic centimeter5. DC- discontinue6. /d- per day7. DOA- dead on arrival8. DOB- date of birth9. h, hr.- hour10. qam- every morning


11. wt.- weight12. CXR- chest x-ray13. Bx- biopsy14. H&P- history and physical15. Kg- kilogram16. GU- genitourinary17. GI- gastrointestinal18. MS- musculoskeletal19. CV- cardiovascular20. ht.- height


Element Meaningabdomin/o abdomenaden/o glandanter/o front, anteriorcaud/o taildist/o far, farthestdors/o back (of body)gastr/o stomachhem/o bloodhist/o tissue lapar/o abdomenlater/o sidelumb/o lower back, loinmedi/o middlemy/o musclepariet/o wallpelv/i pelvispelv/o pelvis

BODY STRUCTURE ELEMENTS(use with your textbook for CD-Rom)


ELEMENT MEANING

periton/o peritoneumproxim/o near, nearestposter/o back (of body), posteriorscler/o hardeningthorac/o chest (thorax)ventr/o bellyviscer/o internal organ-ab away from-ad towards-algia pain-cele hernia-ic, -al, -eal pertaining to-logist specialist in the study of-logy study of-malacia softening-osis abnormal condition-plasia formation, growth-plasty surgical repair


ELEMENT MEANING-rrhaphy suture-scope instrument to view-stasis standing still (of)-tomy incision, cut intoa-, an- without, notepi- above, upon


Homework Study for suffix/prefix test Complete pages 60-70 (book) Interactive CD Complete pages 39-42 (syllabus) Complete body structure crossword puzzle (handout) Read pages 72-92 (book)

week 4 overview review homework-oral practice

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