week 4 apa referencing 2
TRANSCRIPT
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REPORTING SOURCES FOR
LITERATURE REVIEW
The APA Style Of Referencing
References :
The Purdue University Writing Lab
Postgraduate Thesis Dissertation Manual, International Islamic University Malaysia
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What is APA ?
American Psychological Association.
(2001). Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association (6th
ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
For the latest and officialAPA Electronic Reference
Formats" document :
Go to
http://www.apastyle.orgOWL website:
owl.english.purdue.edu
http://www.apastyle.org/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://www.apastyle.org/ -
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Warning :
This part takes an eyefor detail.
In your research academic writing,
proper documentation should be a
priority!
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1. Cross-Referencing Your
SourcesCross-referencingallows readers to locatethe publication
information of sourcematerial. This is ofgreat value forresearchers who may
want to locate yoursources for their ownresearch projects.
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2. Using a Consistent Format
Using a consistentformat helps yourreader understandyour argumentsand the sourcestheyre built on.
It also helps youkeep track of yoursources as youbuild yourarguments.
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3. Establishing Credibility
The proper use ofAPA style shows
the credibility ofwriters; suchwriters showaccountability to
their sourcematerial.
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4. Avoiding Plagiarism
Proper citation of yoursources in APA style
can help you avoidplagiarism, which is aserious offense. Itmay result in anything
from failure of theassignment toexpulsion from theuniversity.
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The Reference Page /List
Your reference list should appear on anew page,at the end of your paper.
It is a list of every source that you makereference to in your essay (each
retrievable source cited in the essay mustappear on the reference list, and viceversa).
It provides the information necessary fora reader to locate and retrieve anysources cited in your essay.
All texts should be double-spaced just likethe essay.
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The Reference Page /List
Most citations should contain the followingbasic information:
Authors name
Title of work
Publication information
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A sample of a referencepage/listReferences
Bowlby, J. (1973).Attachment and loss. New York, NY: Basic
Book.
Festinger, L., Riecken, H., & Schacher, S. (2000). When
prophecy fails. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota
Press.
Johnson, J.E., & Yule, A. (1994). Play and early childhood
development. New York, NY: Addison Wesley
Longman, Inc.
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A sample of a reference
page/list
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References
Klein, J. (1998, October 5). Dizzy days. The New Yorker,
40-45.
Shay, J. (1994). Achilles in Vietnam: Combat trauma and
the undoing of character. New York, NY:
Touchstone.
Shaykh Abd. Rahman Ibn Abd. Latif. (1972).Masahi ulama
najd. Al-Riyad: Dar-al-Yamamah.
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The reference list (APA STYLE)
Use full stop at the end of every entry and after everypart of the entry for example after year, after title, etc.
Write the surnames in full but use only the initials forfirst and middle names.
Write muslim names in full.
Alphabetize group authors, such as associations orgovernment agencies, by the first significant word ofthe name.
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Cont.
If the work is signed anonymous the entry beginswith the word anonymous spelled out, and the entryis alphabetized as if anonymous were a true name.
If there is no author, the title moves to the authorsposition, and the entry is alphabetized by the firstsignificant word of the title.
Treat legal reference like entries with no author; thatis, alphabetize legal references by the firstsignificant item in the entry.
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The reference list (APA STYLE)
NOW, PLEASE FOCUSON THE SPECIFIC
RULES INVOLVED.
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BOOKSSINGLE (1) AUTHOR
Last name first, followed by authors initial. For location,
always list the city and the state using the 2 letter postalabbreviation without periods (New York, NY:)
Bowlby, J. (1973).Attachment and loss. NewYork, NY: Basic Book.
Shaykh Abd. Rahman Ibn Abd. Latif. (1972).Masahi ulama najd. Al-Riyad: Dar-al-
Yamamah.
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BOOKS - 2 AUTHORS
List by their last names and initials, use the symbol (&)instead of and.
Johnson, J.E., & Yule, A. (1994). Play and
early childhood development. New
York, NY: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.
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BOOKS - 3 to 7 AUTHORS
List by last names and initials; commas to separate authornames, while the last author name is preceded againby the symbol.
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R.,Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There'smore to self-esteem than whether it is high
or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem.Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 65, 1190-1204.
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BOOKSMORE THAN 7AUTHORS
Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman,
D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., Thomas, S.T., Rubin,
L.H. (2006). Writing labs and the Hollywood
connection. Journal of Film and Writing,44(3),
213-245.
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BOOKS - EDITED COLLECTION
Higgins, J. (Ed). (1989). Psychology. New
York, NY: Norton.
Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.).
(1997). Consequences of growing up
poor. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
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BOOKSA SPECIFIC EDITION
Brocket, O. (1967).History of the theatre (5th
ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
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BOOKS- SECOND WORK BY THESAME AUTHOR
Brown, R. (1985). Words and things. New
York, NY: Macmillan.
Brown, R. (1997). Social psychology. New
York, NY: Macmillan.
Note:list the entries by the year
(earliest comes first).
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BOOKS- SECOND WORK BY THESAME AUTHOR IN THE SAME YEAR
Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and
changes over time in prosocial intentions andbehavior between friends.DevelopmentalPsychology, 17, 408-416.
Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on
prosocial intentions and behavior. ChildDevelopment, 52, 636-643.
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BOOKS - UNKNOWN AUTHOR
Experimental psychology. (1988). NewYork, NY: Holt Publication.
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CORPORATE AND GOVERNMENTAUTHORSHIP
International Islamic University Malaysia.
(1992).Islamization of knowledge. Malaysia:
Research Centre Publishing.
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990).
Clinical training in serious mental
illness. Washington, DC: U.S. Government
Printing Office.
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RELIGIOUS SOURCES
Al-Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah: 152-153.
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THESIS
Ahmad Zaini Zahid. (1991).A study of sleep of
sleep deprivation and its effects on teenagers.
(Doctoral dissertation, University of
Nebraska).
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ELECTRONIC SOURCES (WEB
PUBLICATIONS)Author, A.A. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title
of online periodical, volume number. Retrievedfrom http://www.someaddress.com/
Chou, L. (1999). Technology andeducation. Retrieved from
http://www.ilt.columbia.html.
New child vaccine gets funding boost.(2000). Retrieved from
http://news/health
http://www.someaddress.com/http://www.ilt.columbia.html/http://news/healthhttp://news/healthhttp://news/healthhttp://www.ilt.columbia.html/http://www.someaddress.com/ -
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JOURNAL, E-JOURNAL AND
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
Faisal Othman. ( 1996, October 6). Islam and development.The Star, p. 12.
Parker-Pope, T. (2008). Psychiatry handbook linkedto drug industry. The New York Times. Retrieved from
http://www.nytimes.com
Sawyer, J. (1996). Measurement and prediction. PsychologicalBulletin (3), p. 178-200.
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JOURNAL, E-JOURNAL AND
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES -
NO AUTHOR
Clinton puts human face on health-care plan.
(1993, September 16). The New YorkTimes, p. 11.
Cultivation of positive emotions to optimize
health and well-being. (2000). Preventionand treatment(3), 2000. Retrieved from
http://www.apa.com
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LEGAL CASES
Faridah Dato Talib v Mohd Habibullah.
(1990). 1 MLJ 74.
Ngieng Shiat Yen v Phang Wai Ann. (1995). 3
MLJ 130.
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ACTS
Mental Health System Act, (1988)
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Rubenstein, J.P. (1997). The effects of
television violence on small children. In
B.F. Kane (Ed.) Television and juvenile
psychological development. New York:
American Psychological Society.
ITEMS IN ANTHOLOGY
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TELEVISION AND RADIOPROGRAMMES
Keillor, G. (Producer), & Smith, L.
(Director). (2 Oct., 1993).A prairie
home companion (Radio Program). St.
Louis: KMOX
ONLINE LECTURE NOTES AND
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ONLINE LECTURE NOTES ANDPRESENTATION SLIDES
Provide the file format in brackets after the lecturetitle.
Hallam, A. Duality in consumer theory(PDFdocument). Retrieved from lecture notesonline web site:
http://www.econ.istate/classes/hallam
Roberts, K.F. (1998). Federal regulations inthe environment(Power Point slides).
Retrieved from http://siri.uvm.edu/ppt/
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COMPREHENSION
QUESTIONS