ICT Infrastructure

Round Up of IS Topic

Infrastructure: ICT

Modelling:Information

system

ICT: System

ICT: System: Interface Layer

ICT: System: Rules Layer

ICT: System: Data Management Layer

ICT: System: Transaction Layer

ICT: System: Distribution

ICT: System: N tier

Data: Security: Dimensions

Data: Security: Stored data

Data: Security: Transactions

Data: Security:Personal Identity management

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms: Internet

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Internet: History

• Wide area network• Funded by US department of defence• Internet protocol• Packet-switching• Routers

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Internet: Packet switch

Sub-networkSub-network

Sub-networkSub-network

Router Router

Packet

Packet

Packet

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Internet: TCP/IP

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Internet: IP address

Sub-networkSub-network

Sub-networkSub-network

Router Router

Packet

Packet

Packet

126.203.97.54

126.203.97.54126.203.97.54

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Internet: URL

126.203.97.54 www.cardiff.ac.uk

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Internet: Domain names

www.cardiff.ac.uk

Domain name

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms: Web

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Web: History

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Web: Components

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms: Web: Site

Infrastructure: ICT: Comms:Web: Web 2.0

• Web-based communities• Collaboration• Blogs, Wikis, Bookmarking, RSS

Figure 9.1: The DeLone and McLean model

DeLone and McLean performed a systematic review of available published material on the question of the success of information systems in organisations.

The DeLone and McLean model

Figure 9.2: The domains of functionality, usability and utility

• Two issues of the use of information systems and the impact of its use are associated with assessments as to the worth or value of an IS

• Elements from the DeLone and McLean model can be grouped into the domains of functionality, usability and utility:

Functionality, usability and utility

Figure 9.3: The domain of use

Content, control and format• A user interface is a collection of dialogues

– Each dialogue is made up of a series of messages between the user and the ICT system

• The user interface is the technology supporting man-machine communication

• There are three major aspects of this dialogue:1. Content 2. Control 3. Format

Figure 9.4: Format, content and

control

Figure 9.5: Examples of questions from a user satisfaction questionnaire

• Assessment of satisfaction with interfaces is often measured using questionnaires made up of a series of attitude questions

• Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS) is a popular approach and consists of 27 items using a nine-point Likert scale

• This is an example of a series of questions from this type of user interface satisfaction questionnaire

Performance management• Systems exhibit control

– Enabling it to regulate itself and adapt to changes in its environment• Control is a type of monitoring subsystem that controls the behaviour

of other subsystems – Compares their behaviour to defined levels of performance, and acts

• This issue of control is called performance management– The process of measuring past action

• Performance in systems has three main types of measures: 1. Efficacy2. Efficiency3. Effectiveness

Figure 9.7: Efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness

The level of performance an organisation attains is a function of the efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness of the actions it has undertaken.

Information systems evaluation• Evaluation is the process of assessing the worth of something• The figure on the next slide presents a model of information

systems evaluation fitted to the life-cycle of IS development– Illustrates the importance of evaluation to processes of

organisational learning– Distinguishes between four types of information systems

evaluation activity: 1. Strategic evaluation2. Formative evaluation3. Summative evaluation4. Post-mortem evaluation

Managing IS• Informatics Infrastructure Important

– Invest in effective practices for planning, managing, developing and operating it

• Key Areas:– Informatics Planning– Informatics Strategy– Informatics Management– Project Management– Informatics Industry– Informatics Service– Operating the ICT infrastructure– Development Life-cycle– Development Methods, Techniques and Tools

Figure: The development process

• Information system development is a socio-technical system concerned with the design, construction, implementation and maintenance of key aspects of the informatics infrastructure for an organisation

• This critical activity system for modern business is shown in the figure

Developing IS