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Tourism through the

Ages

Khong Yen Giang, MBA

� Recognize the antiquity of human travel

� Understand how these journeys have evolved from trips to mass travel for millions today

� Learn about some of the great travelers in history

� Familiarize with Vietnam tourism.

Learning Objectives

Early beginnings:

The riches historical evidence area:

Mediterranean

Early beginning events

� 4000 BCE: The Sumerians invented

money, cuneiform writing, wheels and tour

guide � founder of modern tourism

� 5000 years ago, cruises of discovery from

Egypt: for peace and tourism (1480 BCE)

� 2700 years BCE: pharaohs started building

burial tombs: Pyramids, Sphinx, attracting

tourists (1600-1200 BCE)

� Tourists left evidences of visit: painted or

scratched their names in the soft stones �

Ancient graffiti

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Early roads:

“Animals need a track,

vehicles need a road”

� 150 years B.C.E: The Roman started

building roads

� Network of 50,000 miles

� Who traveled: Military, Gov officials,

caravans and more Roman tourists

� Roman tourists: used guide books,

employ guides, bought souvenirs and left

graffiti

The Roman ancient roads

Silk Road

� Created during the Roman times

� Stretching more than 12000 km from

Mediterranean Sea to Pacific Ocean

� Main trade artery linking civilization of

China, India, Persia, Mesopotamia, Egypt,

Greece and Rome

� Cities and town grew prosperously.

Silk Road

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PRE-MODERN TOURISM

� Mesopotamia

� Egypt and Indus Valley

� Ancient Greece

� Ancient Rome

� The Dark Ages

� The Middle Ages.

Characteristics of

pre-modern tourism

� Mainly undertaken by elites &

wealthier middle class

� Risky and uncomfortable

� Occurred along well-defined transit

route

� Lengthy time period

� Development of incipient tourism

industry

� Relative little impact

� Spiritual & educational motivation

Classical travel world

� 776 B.C: Olympic Games held every 4

years – honor Zeus god

� Greek inns provided a little more than

a night shelter

� Ancient Tourist Consultant center

called: proxenos (pro=for;

xenos=foreigner)

� Main purposes of travels: leisure,

business, healing, entertainment

Early Modern tourism

� Renaissance

� Exploration of Columbus (1492-

1502), Magellan (1519)

� Prosperous of merchant and

professional classes

� Establishment of new resorts

� Improving transportation

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The Grand tour

(Mid 1500s – early 1800s)

� Travel of aristocrat young men of UK to

continental Europe for educational

purpose

� Destinations: Paris, major cities of Italy

� Participation of middle class (7-9%) of

UK population

� Profound impacts on UK cultural &

social trend

� Effect on destination tourism service

ranges: guide book, tour guide,

accommodation, souvenirE

� Great Pyramids of Egypt (incl. Sphinx)

� Hanging Gardens of Babylon

� Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus

� Statue of Zeus at Olympia

� Collosus of Rhodes in the Harbor at

Rhodes

� Great Lighthouse (Pharos)

in Alexandria, Egypt

� Temple Artemis at Ephesus

Early tourist attractions

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World

Great Pyramids of Egypt Hanging Gardens of Babylon in

iraq now

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Tomb of Mausolus at

Halicarnassus, In turkey now Statue of Zeus at Olympia in

Greece now

Collosus of Rhodes in the

Harbor at Rhodes, in Greece

Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in

Alexandria, in Egypt

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Temple Artemis at Ephesus, in

Turkey now

Spa & Seaside resorts

� Therapeutic purpose

� Karlsbad, Vichy, Baden-Baden

� Availability of accessible & suitable

water resource

� Construction of railway in mid 1800s.

First travel agent

Thomas Cook: The father of mass

tourism

� 1822: Robert Smart of Bristol, England-1st

steamship agent

� 1841: Thomas Cook ran a special excursion

train tour for 570 passengers from Leicester

to Loughborough-England

� 1850: Thomas Benett set up a business “trip

organizer” –provided individual tourists with

itineraries, carriages and travel kits

Early modern tourism

(1840s – 1950)

� 5th Jul. 1841: 1st package tour

� 1845: Regular return train trip

� 1851: Great exhibition in London

- All inclusive

- Organized itinerary

- Uniform product

- Cheap price

� 1861: First traveler check

� 1863: First int’l excursion to Swiss Alps

� 1869: Suez Canal stimulated travel

� 1872: First around-the-world tour

Thomas Cook

“Father of Mass Tourism”

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Early modern tourism

(1840s – 1950)

� Adaptation of Industrial revolution to tourism

- Organized

- Standardized

- Large scale

� Accessibility of unprecedented number of people,

increase demand

� Availability of unprecedented number of destination

� International tourism growth slowly between 1840 –

1950

- Global depression (1890s)

- World War 1 (1914 – 1918)

- Great depression 1930s

- World War 2 (1939 – 1945).

Contemporary Tourism VIETNAM tourism profile

� Before 1960

� 1960 – 1975

� 1975 – 1990

� 1990 – Present.

� Before 1960: established 1st Vietnam

Tourism Company, Foreign trade ministry

� 1978: established VNAT, Government

� council

� 1990: established VN Tourism Corporation,

Commercial Ministry

� 1995: VNAT, Ministry of culture,

information, sport and tourism

� 2002: Establish Vietnam tourism

association

� 2007: VNAT become a member of Ministry

of Culture, Sport and Tourism

Contemporary Tourism VIETNAM tourism profile

� Vietnam National Administration of

Tourism (VNAT) established in 1992

o 9 functional departments

o Institute for Tourism Research and

Development

o Tourism Information Technology

Center

o 7 Vocational Tourism Schools.

Contemporary Tourism

VIETNAM Tourism PROFILE

Decree

26/CP

9/7/1960

Decree

05/CP

26/10/1992

Decree

09/CP

8/8/2007

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� 18 provincial Tourism

Departments

� 45 provincial Trade- Tourism

Departments

� 01 provincial External Affairs...

� 536 international tour operators

and travel agencies,

� 1200 domestic travel agencies;

� more than 8,500 hotels;

� 6,000 transportation means.

Contemporary Tourism Vietnam tourism profile

Contemporary Tourism International tourism

� Arrivals: Increase 25 times since ’50s

� Revenue: Increase by 225 times since

’50s

� Positive growth in every year since 1960

� Reduced growth during recession in

early 1980s, 1991, 2001 and 2003

� 10 domestic tourists for every

international tourist.

End of Presentation

Thank you

for joining us!

Describe newly

selected modern

world ‘s cultural

wonders. How

significant are they

to the world?

Assignment