week 2 psychology of communication.pdf

7/21/2019 Week 2 Psychology of Communication.pdf

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THE PSYCHOLOGY OF

COMMUNICATION

Week 2


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Psychology Communication

What iscommunicationand howdoes it relate to psychology? What is

the psychological approach to

communication?


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Elements of communication include:

1. Sender @ source

2. Encoding

3.

Channel4.

Message

5. Decoding

6. Receiver

7.

The potential for feedback8.

The chance of noise

Elements of Communication


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Communication Process Model

(Dominic, 2013)


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Elements of communication include:

! Source: initiates the process by having a thought oridea that he/she wishes to transmit

! Encoding: Transmitting @ activities that a source goes

through to translate thoughts/ideas into a form thatmaybe perceived by the senses

! Message: actual physical product that the sourceencodes

! Channel: the way the message travels to the receiver,

e.g. Sound waves, light waves, air current, touch


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! Decoding: Receiving the message; opposite ofencoding; consist of activities that translate orinterpret physical message into a form that has

eventual meaning for the receiver! Receiver: Target of the message; group,

institution, a single person, etc.

! Noise: anything that interferes with the delivery

of the message, or any interference that keepsthe message from being understood, orachieving its intended effects: semantic,

mechanical, environmental


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" Feedback: refers to the response from thereceiver that shape and alter the

subsequent message from the source. Can

include: positive feedback (encouragesthe current communication behavior),

negative feedback (change/terminatethe communication process), and can be

immediate or delayed


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! Communication is essential to our well being

! Communication as a study is not new;

research on communication can be tracedbefore the World War II

! Psychologists initially contributed a lot to the

development of the communication field. In

a d d i t i o n , m a n y f o u n d e r s o f t h ecommunication field were also psychologists

Psychological Approach

To Communication


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o t


To Communication

Kurt Lewin

(1890 1947)

Paul Lazarsfeld

(1901 1976)

Carl Hovland

(1912 1961)


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" Kurt Lewin: German-American psychologist,known as modern pioneers of social,organizational, and applied psychology.Group dynamics and organizationaldevelopment

"

Paul Lazarsfeld: Born in Vienna, known for t w o - s t e p f l o w @ m u l t i s t e p f l o wcommunication model

" Carl Hovland: Born in the USA, known forgroup-think (with Janis), social judgmentof attitude change persuasion


To Communication

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" Communication is not only a psychologicalprocess, but also a social process and social

event. E.g. making friends and forming

groups. Understanding social events frompsychological perspective is called social

psychology

" Therefore, communication experts apply

psychological principles and theoriesin orderto understand social events


To Communication

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! Many definitions of communication adopt abehavioral psychology framework. E.g. Dictionary of

Behavioral Science defines communication:

# The transmission of energy charge from one place

to another in the nervous system or transmission of

sound waves# The transmission of reception of signals or messages

by organism

# The transmitted messages# The process whereby system influence another

through regulation of transmitted signals


To Communication

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! H o w d o e s p s y c h o l o g y r e l a t e t ocommunication?

! According to Rakhmat (1980), Fisherp r o p o s e d f o u r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o fp s y c h o l o g i c a l a p p r o a c h t ocommunication:

* Sensory of stimuli

* Internal mediation of stimuli

* Prediction of responses* Reinforcement of responses

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To Communication


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! Based on this view by Fisher, psychologists are notonly interested in the observable behavior (the

response) but also the mental process (the internalmediation process)

! Therefore, psychology is a science that describes,

predicts, and control behavioral events

! Accordingly, communication psychology can bedefined as a discipline that seeks to understand,

predict and manage mental and behavioral

communication activities


To Communication

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! Humans are shaped by the way they interprets andrespond to messages from the environment

! Therefore, communication play a vital role in our

personal growth and our relationship with others! It is through communication that we discover and

develop ourselves, understand, and establishrelationships with others and the environment

! If others fail to understand our messages, then we failto communicate effectively

! Communicator also use psychology to increase

communication effectiveness


To Communication

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Why are some communicators more effectivethan others?

!

This is due to persuasive communication; it isused to influence others, and managebehavior using psychological approach

! Psychology of communication means using

psychology in communicating so as tomake the communication more persuasiveand effective


To Communication

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What constitutes effective communication?

(1) Understanding

! A message should be interpreted asintended by the source. Failure to interpret amessage is known as primary breakdown incommunication

! To minimize it, communicators need tounderstand psychology of message andpsychology of communicator

Effective Communication


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(2) Change in attitude

! Communication that change attitude is apersuasive communication

! Persuasive communication requiresknowledge on message effect and

understanding of factors, which affect thereceiver


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(3) Social relations

! Effective communication enhances socialrelations

! Failure to establish and enhance social relations is

k n o w n a s s e c o n d a r y b r e a k d o w n i ncommunication

! In order to work with others, communicatorsshould understand the factors that influence social

relations such as interpersonal perception,impression management, interpersonal attraction,and others

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(4) Change in behavior! Persuasive communication results in change of

behavior as intended! To bring change in behavior, receivers need to

understand the message, and have favorablea t t i t u d e t o w a r d s m e s s a g e a n d t h ecommunicator

! In order to establish persuasive communication,

understand psychological mechanisms involvedin the communication process and externalfactors that influences behavior

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To recap

Effective communication involves:

1. Understanding

2. Change in attitude

3. Social relations

4.

Change in behavior

week 2 psychology of communication.pdf

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