week 1 nature of global conflict
DESCRIPTION
What has been the nature of global conflict since 1991?TRANSCRIPT
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Week 1 - IntroGlobal Conflicts
after The Cold War
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week 1 Key question
What has been the nature of global conflict
since 1991?
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The cold war
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The cold war
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The cold war
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The cold war
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The cold war
No shooting! But if you do...I will too!
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key points about the cold war
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key points about the cold war
1945 - 1989-91 (end of WWII to the break up of the USSR)
major tension between US and USSR and their allies
coalitions with other countries (eg: USSR & China, USA & NATO nations)
space race
massive nuclear arms race
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Causes and nature of conflict in the post
cold war world
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COnflict
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COnflict
What is conflict?
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COnflict
What is conflict?
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COnflict
What is conflict?
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COnflict
What is conflict?
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COnflict
What is conflict?
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COnflict
What is conflict?
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What causes conflict?
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What causes conflict?
tension
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What causes conflict?
tension
nationalist
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What causes conflict?
tension
nationalist
economic
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What causes conflict?
tension
nationalist
economic
religious
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What causes conflict?
tension
nationalist
ethnic
economic
religious
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What causes conflict?
tension
nationalist
regional
ethnic
economic
religious
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oilSaddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oilSaddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be
Iraq’s 19th province
![Page 39: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province
![Page 40: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
What sort of tension?
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
What sort of tension?
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province
economic
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Phase 1 - 1990-2001The first Gulf War - Iraq and Kuwait 1991Iraq freed from Soviet constraints at end of Cold War
End of eight year war with Iran left Iraq with economic problems
Broad coalition of Arab and Western states formed to oust Iraq
Claimed Kuwait flooding oil market and theft of Iraqi oil. Invaded Kuwait and took control of 20% of
world’s oil
17 January 1991 - Operation Desert Storm26 February - withdrawal of Iraqi troops
What sort of tension?
Saddam Hussein declared Kuwait to be Iraq’s 19th province
economicnationalist
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Somalia 1992
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Somalia 1992
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Somalia 1992Independence in 1960
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Somalia 1992Independence in 1960
Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
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Somalia 1992
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
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Somalia 1992
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
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Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
![Page 51: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
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Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
![Page 53: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
UN humanitarian intervention in August
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
![Page 54: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
UN humanitarian intervention in August
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
![Page 55: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
UN humanitarian intervention in August
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
Still no government has emerged to take control of the
country
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Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
UN humanitarian intervention in August
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
Still no government has emerged to take control of the
country
What is the nature of this conflict?
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Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
UN humanitarian intervention in August
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
Still no government has emerged to take control of the
country
What is the nature of this conflict?
ethnic
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Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
UN humanitarian intervention in August
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
Still no government has emerged to take control of the
country
What is the nature of this conflict?
economicethnic
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Somalia 1992
Violent attempts to reinstate him, humanitarian crisis and anarchy followed
Insurgencies against his regime and he was ousted in 1991
One of Barre’s aims was to eliminate tribalism
Independence in 1960Repressive regime of Siad Barre 1969-1991
UN humanitarian intervention in August
By July 1992 UN estimated 1.5 million people in danger of immediate starvation, and entire population of 4.5 million
of long term starvation
Rival warlords struggled for control of the state
Also military intervention to assist in disarmament and discussions between hostile clans
Still no government has emerged to take control of the
country
What is the nature of this conflict?
economicethnic
regional
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RWANDA 1994
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RWANDA 1994
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RWANDA 1994
1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
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RWANDA 1994
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
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RWANDA 1994
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
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RWANDA 1994
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
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RWANDA 1994
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
![Page 68: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
RWANDA 1994UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
![Page 69: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
![Page 70: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
US blocked more forces
![Page 71: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost
US blocked more forces
![Page 72: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost
US blocked more forces
Tutsi rebels finally defeated Hutus
![Page 73: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost
US blocked more forces
Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed
insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
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RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost
US blocked more forces
Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed
insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
What is the nature of this conflict?
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RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost
US blocked more forces
Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed
insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
What is the nature of this conflict?
ethnic
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RWANDA 1994
UN withdrew troops and peacekeepers
UN and US reluctant to get involved in African regional conflicts after Somalia
Culminated in April 1994 genocide of 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus
Children of exiles formed a rebel group and began a civil war in 1990
Hutus killed thousands of Tutsis with 150,000 driven into exile
1962 Independence from Belgium1959 Hutus overthrow ruling Tutsi King
UN mission of 5500 troops in May, still delayed due to cost
US blocked more forces
Tutsi rebels finally defeated HutusMost Hutus who fled have now returned except group in Congo who have formed
insurgency group planning to retake Rwanda
What is the nature of this conflict?
ethnicregional
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
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Yugoslavia 1991-99Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
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Yugoslavia 1991-99
Tito died in 1980, old rivalries re-emerged
1992 Bosnia Herzegovina vote for independence, Bosnian state recognised by EU and US
existing ethnic and nationalist issues and tensions with each other
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia
Tito became Prime Minister and established six Yugoslavian republics:
Communist resistance movement after Nazi invasion led by Josip Tito
1991 Slovenia and Croatia declare independence
Bosnian Serbs not wanting to be minority got support from Serbian government and attacked Bosnian government
1992 war began and Serbs took over 70 per cent of the country
Serbs embarked on ethnic cleansing, particularly against Muslims who made up 44 percent of the Bosnian population
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Yugoslavia cont...
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Yugoslavia cont...
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
ethnic
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
ethnic
religious
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Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
ethnic
religious
regional
![Page 102: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Yugoslavia cont...West reluctant to intervene, but finally threatened air strikes in 1994
Fighting ended in late 1994 but more fighting erupted in the province of Kosovo between the Serbs and ethnic Albanians,
where Muslim Albanians are the majority but province seen as home of Serb identity and culture
Albanian separatists in Kosovo formed Kosovo Liberation Army
Serbs’ ethnic cleansing of Albanians from norther Kosovo prompted NATO air strikes, which was first attack on a
European country by NATO
By June NATO was threatening a ground attack and President Milosevic forced to back down
What tensions caused this conflict?
nationalist
ethnic
religious
regional
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chechnya 1991 onwards
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chechnya 1991 onwards
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 years
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens
![Page 112: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacks
![Page 113: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
What is the nature of this conflict?
![Page 115: Week 1 Nature of Global Conflict](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022110306/554ff74ab4c9053e168b4c0b/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
What is the nature of this conflict?
ethnic
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chechnya 1991 onwardsChechens have fought for independence from Russia for
over 160 yearsStalin displaced the population of Chechens during WWII, and
they only returned during the period of ‘de-Stalinisation’1991 declared independence from Russia as
the Soviet Union was collapsing
Bloody conflict followed as Russia was determined to keep Chechnya as part of the Russian Federation
1994 Boris Yeltsin ordered 40,000 troops to retake the region which resulted in a drawn out, bloody
and unpopular conflict
Region in stalemate until Sept 1999 when the Russian army returned after blaming bombings in Russia on Chechens
Chechen separatists retaliated with terrorist attacksThis allowed President Putin to classify Chechen movement as part of the ‘war on terrorism’
What is the nature of this conflict?
ethnic nationalist
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other conflicts
India and Pakistan over Kashmir (ethnic, religious and nationalist)
Palestine and Israel (ethnic, religious and nationalist)
North and South Korea (nationalist)
China and Taiwan (nationalist)
Indonesia and the province of Aceh (religious, nationlist and ethnic)
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review
What was the Cold War?
What causes conflict?
What five conflicts were outlined and what were their causes?
reference: Simpson, A & Scott, D ‘ Power and International Politics 3rd Edition, SEV, 2008
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Stay tuned for more detail on the gulf war, bosnia and
africaas well as global
terroism and post cold war Phase 2 - 2001
onwards...