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Life of Holy Prophet SAW in

Madina

InstructorMuhammad Hassaan

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Overview

Three major themes underlie the Madinese

period

1. Implementation of Divine Commands

2. Criticism of Jews, Christians and Hypocrites

3. Emphasis on Jihad

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Judaism

According to Jews, Judaism is the covenantalrelation established between God and theChildren of Israel

Major Holy books of the Jews are Torah andTalmud

The Torah is the name given to the first five

books of the Bible The Talmud is the Oral Law, forming the basis

of rabbinic literature

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.

Musa (AS) is considered the greatest Prophetby Jews

Rabbis are scholars of Judaism and have had

enormous influence in the development ofJudaism

Jews are monotheists

Judaism is primarily a religion of practice

The Jews and the Christians are collectivelytermed as the Ahl e Kitab in the Quran

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Jewish Tribes Surrounding Madina

The Jews lived in the vicinity of Madina. They

were employed in agriculture, sword-making

and money lending

The three major Jewish tribes were:

Banu Qaynuqa (Expelled after the Battle ofBadr for violating the treaty)

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Banu Qurayza (Killed and expelled after the

Battle of the Trench for assisting the Quraysh)

Banu Nadir (Expelled for assassination

attempt and inciting the enemies against

muslims)

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Christianity

Mainstream Christianity believes Isa (AS) to bethe Son of God and the savior of mankind

In its origin, and initial growth Christianity is an

Eastern religion Christianity separated from Judaism over the

centuries

The Christian envoy of Najran debated with theProphet (SAW). The initial 80 verses of Surah Aale Imran were revealed in the context of thatdebate

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Hypocrites

The Hypocrites never accepted Islamwholeheartedly but tried to appear as muslims

Abdullah bin Ubai and Abu Amir The Monkwere

the leading men of this group They had built a rival mosque known as Masjid I

Dirar

1. For propagating disbelief

2. For creating divisions among muslims

3. For informing the enemies of muslim secrets

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The Charter of Madina

This was a formal agreement between the

Prophet (SAW) , the Madinese tribes, Jews

and Christians

The major clauses were:

Non-Muslim members have equal political and

cultural rights as Muslims. They will have

autonomy and freedom of religion

Non-Muslims will not aid any foreign invaders

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Battle of Badr

Badr was the first large scale engagement

between the Makkans and the Muslims

The cause was the muslim disruption of the

Qurayshi trade routes

Makkan losses were seventy killed, seventy

captured- a humiliating defeat

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Battle of the Confederates

Also known as the War of the Trench

The confederates included the paganMakkans, the Jewish tribes, and Bedouin

tribes like the Banu Ghatafan Madina was besieged and the Muslims dug a

trench for defense

The enemies defeat was due to the vigorousMuslim defense, poor weather, and divisionsamong the confederates

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The battle marked the end of defensive

strategy for the Muslims

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Treaty of Hudaybiyyah

It was an agreement between the Prophet(SAW) and the pagan Quraysh. The majorclauses were:

1. There will be no fighting for ten years

2. Anyone who goes to Muhammad SAWwithout permission from his father or

guardian, will be returned to his father orguardian. But if anyone goes to the Quraish,he will not be returned

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This year the muslims will go back without

entering Mecca. But next year Muhammad

(SAW) and his followers can enter Mecca,

spend three days and perform the tawaaf

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Conquest of Makkah

According to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, the allies

of each party were not to be harmed by the other

Banu Bakr were allied with the Quraysh and the

Banu Khuzaa were allied with Madina

The Quraysh refused to stop their allies from

attacking Banu Khuzaa

This resulted in the peaceful conquest of Makkahand the Prophets (SAW) declaration of

forgiveness for all his bitter enemies

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The Farewell Pilgrimage

The Prophet (SAW) delivered this sermon

The speech is an excellent guideline for allmankind

The following points were emphasized:1. Propagation of the message

2. End of blood-feuds

3. Rights to Woman4. Equality of Mankind

5. Seal of Prophethood

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State Building process in Madina

The responsibilites of the Prophet expanded in

Madina which included the building of an

Ummah

This state-building process included:

Declaration of War, distribution of war booty,

and Peace Treaties

Hudood imposition on adultery, theft and treason

Zakat collection and public welfare schemes etc.

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