weed identification made easy chelan county noxious weed department julie sanderson, field...
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Weed Identification Made Easy
Chelan County Noxious Weed DepartmentJulie Sanderson, Field Supervisor
Many options for killing weeds
Always use Integrated Weed Management
It’s The Law (RCW 17-10)
• Stand-Alone Or Combination Of These Methods:
– Prevention
– Mechanical
– Biological
– Chemical
– Cultural
“Control” means to prevent all
seed production
Use the right chemical for the jobBefore
After
Bohemian knotweed
WEED IDENTIFICATION
The first step to integrated weed management is knowing which weed
you are trying to control!
What’s in a name? Information!
• Plant family, specific Latin name, common name
• Life cycle – Is it annual, perennial, biennial?• Toxicity information – Can I touch it, what if
my dog eats it? Is it allelopathic?• Herbicide use- Is it listed on the label, is there
resistance?• Noxious weed status- Is it listed in my state or
county?
Know your enemy!Why learn to identify weeds?
• Knowing the right name allows access to information about the specific plant that needs to be controlled.
What information do you need?
• How does the biology of the plant affect control options?
• What is the most effective chemical for control?
• Is the plant listed on the herbicide label?
• Is there any herbicide resistance known for the plant?
Yellow starthistleCentaurea solstitialis
What’s in a name?
• Look alike weeds may require different control methods
Do you know which name belongs to each plant?
Yellow starthistle
Perennial sowthistle
Prickly lettuce
Rush skeletonweed
What’s in a name?
• Look alike weeds may require different control methods
Yellow starthistle
Perennial sowthistle
Prickly lettuce
Rush skeletonweed
What’s in a name?
• Look alike weeds may require different control methods
Yellow starthistle
Perennial sowthistle
Prickly lettuce
Rush skeletonweed
What’s in a name?
• Look alike weeds may require different control methods
Yellow starthistle
Perennial sowthistle
Prickly lettuce
Rush skeletonweed
What’s in a name?
• Look alike weeds may require different control methods
Yellow starthistle
Perennial sowthistle
Prickly lettuce
Rush skeletonweed
The 8 Great Things to Notice About Plants
Plant Character Analysis
1. Plant Habit
2. Leaf Arrangement
3. Leaf Shape and Texture
4. Inflorescence Type
5. Flower structure
6. Fruit Type
7. Roots and underground structures
8. Other Observations
1. Plant Habit
2. Leaf arrangement
3. Leaf shape and texture
4. Inflorescence Type
Illustrations by Suzanne McCullough from the Botany Handbook of Florida, 1965 ORH 89-3, Florida Department of AgricultureAnd Consumer Services, and the Florida Federation of Garden Clubs, Inc.
umbel
solitary axillary raceme panicle spike
corymb head
5. Flower Structure
6. Fruit Types
Legume
Follicle
Illustrations by Suzanne McCullough from the Botany Handbook of Florida, 1965 ORH 89-3, Florida Department of AgricultureAnd Consumer Services, and the Florida Federation of Garden Clubs, Inc.
7. Roots and Underground structures
Roots Rhizomes and Stolons
Fibrous
Tap root
Illustrations by Suzanne McCullough from the Botany Handbook of Florida, 1965 ORH 89-3, Florida Department of AgricultureAnd Consumer Services, and the Florida Federation of Garden Clubs, Inc.
8. Other Observations
• Unusual odor• Sticky texture• Plant juice – milky, sticky, viscous, watery• Overall color – bright green, gray, yellow• Bracts, spines, thorns or hairs
• Associated insects
More look alike weeds
And how to tell them apart
Knapweeds, which one???
Look at the bracts
Diffuse knapweed
Meadow knapweed
Russian knapweed
Spotted knapweed
All class B noxious weeds
Big green brushy looking stuff?Kochia - Class B Pigweeds (redroot and white)
Lambsquarters Russian thistle
Look at the flowers
kochia
lambsquarters Russian thistle
pigweed
Tumbleweeds – ready to roll.
The term tumbleweed refers to any of several species that disperse seeds by
tumbling:
Russian thistle Diffuse knapweedKochia Tumble pigweed (Amaranthus albus)
So many thistles, so little time…
• Canada thistle**• Bull thistle**• Musk thistle**• Scotch thistle** **most common thistles here• Plumeless thistle• Slenderflower thistle• Italian thistle• Milk thistle• Native thistle (Cirsium undulatum)**
Most common thistles
Canada thistle Bull thistle Musk thistle Scotch thistle
Look at a combination of characters: flowers, stems, and leaf surfaces.
Canada thistle - Class C
• Small flowers <1”, spineless bracts
• Smooth spineless stem• Green glossy leaves, not hairy,
very spiny along margins• Class C noxious weed
Bull thistle
• Larger flowers 1.5-2” with long spiny bracts
• Stem spiny, somewhat winged
• Leaf surface hairy• Class C noxious weed
Musk thistle
• Flowers large 1.5-3”, broad spiny bracts, “artichoke –like’• Stems spiny somewhat winged• Leaves green, not hairy• Class B noxious weed
Scotch thistle – Class B
• Flowers 1 -2”, narrow spiny bracts• Stem spiny, strongly winged• Leaves gray-green, with fine wooly hair• Class B noxious weed
Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
Bonnie Million, National Park Service, Bugwood.org
Daisies, we love them, we love them not.
English daisy
Oxeye daisyScentless mayweed
Stinking mayweed
Daisies with finely divided leaves
Stinking mayweed Scentless mayweed – Class C
Daisies with oval, toothed basal leaves
English daisy Oxeye daisy – Class C
Other Ways to Identify Weeds
• Use reference books
• Use online resources
• Ask someone who knows weeds
Weed Identification Made Easy???
Chelan County Noxious Weed DepartmentJulie Sanderson, Field Supervisor
(Well…a little easier, I hope)
Thanks to Bugwood.org for the use of photos and figures:Image Number Citaton
1195006 Julia Scher, USDA APHIS PPQ, Bugwood.org
5306053 USDA PLANTS Database, USDA NRCS PLANTS Database, Bugwood.org
1350078 Cindy Roche, Bugwood.org
5159096 Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org
5374120 Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California - Davis, Bugwood.org
5392241 John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org
5230023 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
5398921 Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
5405737 Bonnie Million, National Park Service, Bugwood.org
24090 Sara Rosenthal, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
5224100 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
1459262 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
21042 Eric Coombs, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org
1350052 Cindy Roche, Bugwood.org
1459270 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
1459916 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
5164019 John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org
5225072 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
5401003 Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte, Bugwood.org
1265114 Peggy Greb, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org
1211064 Dave Powell, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
5229043 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
1459793 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
5230083 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
5270081 Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.org
580002 Loke T. Kok, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org
1459722 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
1237113 Dan Tenaglia, Missouriplants.com, Bugwood.org
1382013 Ricky Layson, Ricky Layson Photography, Bugwood.org
1358309 Mary Ellen (Mel) Harte, Bugwood.org
580013 Loke T. Kok, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Bugwood.org
5399794 Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org
1459796 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
5405758 Bonnie Million, National Park Service, Bugwood.org
5226061 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
2153072 Montana Statewide Noxious Weed Awareness and Education Program Archive, Montana State University, Bugwood.org
5239057 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
5228015 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
5226063 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org
5422896 Caleb Slemmons, University of Maine, Bugwood.org
1196047 Michael Shephard, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org
1459138 Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org
5228014 Richard Old, XID Services, Inc., Bugwood.org