Biology Challenge Flashcards

Instructions: For each row in the table below, write the question on the front of the flashcard and the answer on the back of the flashcard. Some answers will require you to draw a picture or diagram. Put the question number on bottom right corner of the front side of the flashcard.

Each unit, you will receive an email to add cards to your collection. At the end of each unit, you will receive a grade for the completion of your cards.

Front Back1. Chloroplast

The organelle that captures sunlight to make food through the process of photosynthesis.

2. MitochondrionThe organelle that converts or breaks down food to release energy (ATP) that can easily be used by the cell.

3. NucleusThe organelle that is the “control center” of the cell. In eukaryotic cells, this is where the DNA is kept.

4. Ribosome Known as a “protein factory,”

this is the organelle that links amino acids together to make proteins.

5. Cell membrane/ Plasma membraneThis is the part of the cell that controls what goes into and out of a cell. It is very important for maintaining homeostasis.

6. Cell wallThis is found on the outer layer of plant, fungal, and some protist cells. It is a tough outer layer that provides structure and support.

7. Vacuole This organelle is used for

The little dots are ribosomes! Number 2 is pointing to a ribosome.

storing things. Plants have one BIG one, and animals have several small ones.

8. What are the only living things on Earth that are prokaryotic?

Bacteria

9. What is a eukaryote? Anything that is made up of cells that have a nucleus and organelles

Examples: animals, plants, fungi, and protists10. What is the cytoplasm? Gooey stuff in the cell that the organelles float around in

11. What is the function of ribosomes? Protein synthesis (pop out proteins)

12. What protects the DNA in a eukaryote?

Nucleus

13. What is the genetic material in the nucleus called?

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

14. What is an organelle? A specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function

15. What types of cells have a cell membrane?

All cells – prokaryotes and eukaryotes

16. Where do you find the cell wall? Extra layer on outside of the cell membrane

17. What four things are found in every cell?

DNA, cytoplasm, cell membrane, ribosomes

18. What type of living thing has circular DNA?

Bacteria (prokaryotes)

19. What is the cell wall made of? Cellulose

20. What is the function of a vacuole? Storage

21. What kinds of cells have large vacuoles?

Plant cells

22. What kind of cells have small vacuoles?

Animal cells

23. What is the function of a mitochondrion?

Cellular Respiration: break down food (glucose) to release ATP (powerhouse of the cell)

24. What does a mitochondrion look like?

25. What is the function of a chloroplast?

Perform photosynthesis make sugar (glucose) using sunlight

26. What does a chloroplast look like?