Wednesday/Thursday: February 13th/14th• Happy Valentine’s Day• History of Valentine’s Day???

• Look at Imperialism• Map Activity; Primary Document Activity • Video

Warm Up: • Name two advantages of communism• Name two disadvantages of communism

• Name two advantages of capitalism• Name two disadvantages of capitalism

History of Valentine’s Day• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rs6xesanxNM

The Age of Imperialism

Chapter 27

1850-1914

What is imperialism?• The seizure (takeover) of a

country or territory by a stronger country

What is Imperialism?

• Why do Europeans do this?• Industrialization sparks the

need for: • Land perfect for establishing

trading and military posts• Natural resources and raw

materials• New markets for products

Remember this?

Well, they need this

Control

• Europeans want to control all aspects of their colonies• Politics• Society• Economy• Culture and customs

Methods of Management• Direct Control• Paternalism – Europeans

provide for local people but grant no rights

• Assimilation – adaptation of local people to ruling culture

• Indirect Control• Limited self-rule for local

governments• Legislative body includes

colonial & local officials

Africa Before European Domination• Divided into hundreds of ethnic groups• Followed traditional beliefs, Islam or

Christianity• Nations ranged from large empires to

independent villages• Africans controlled their own trade

networks• Europeans only had contact on African

coasts

Nations Compete• Europeans wanted more land• Contained large amounts of

gold, diamonds, and rubber• Africa was a mystery to many• Europeans who penetrated

Africa were:• Explorers – seeking wealth and

notoriety • Missionaries – trying to convert

Africans to Christianity• Humanitarians – “westernize”

the “savages”

How/Why Did It Begin?• This is Belgium This is Congo (Africa)

How/Why Did It begin?• Congo River Valley Chiefs signed

treaties that gave King Leopold II of Belgium personal control of these lands

• Leopold claimed he planned on ending the slave trade there

• He licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans

• The Belgian Congo is 80 times larger than Belgium

• This alarms other European countries, who start claiming lands of their own all over Africa

Forces Driving Imperialism• Belief in European superiority• Racism• Social Darwinism

• Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa• European technological superiority• Europeans had means to control• New medicines prevent diseases

Activity: • David Livingston Explores Southern Africa• Read and look at map• Answer questions directly after

The Division of Africa

• The Berlin Conference (1884)• Europeans leaders divide Africa• No African ruler invited• Little or no thought about the

complex differences in ethnic groups• By 1914 – Only independent nations

• Liberia• Ethiopia

According to this cartoon, which European countries were fighting for a position in Africa?

How did the Berlin Conference lead to the situation shown in the cartoon?

South Africa

• Three Groups Clash for Power• Africans• Zulu nation, led by Shaka, fought the British• Zulu nation lost to British in 1887

• Boers• Dutch settlers that had controlled South Africa since the mid

1600s• Also known as Afrikaners

• British• Gained control of South Africa after the Berlin Conference

Boer War• Fought between the Boers and the British• Many Africans fought with the Boers• First example of “total war”• British win in 1910

• Established the Union of South Africa (British Rule)

Effects of European Imperialism in Africa

British Imperialism in India• British Expand Control over India• East India Company

• Controls India thru economic imperialism• Company uses an army including Indian soldiers known as

“sepoys”

• India was seen as the most important colony• Due to its production of raw materials• Known as the “Jewel in the Crown”

Effects of British Rule• Impact of Colonialism• Railroads move cash crops and goods faster• British control political and economic power• Cash crops resulted in loss of self-sufficiency and caused famine• Indian culture is disrupted due to racism and missionaries• Britain sought to “modernize” India

The Sepoy Rebellion

• Indians Rebel• Sepoys refuse to use cartridges due to religious

reasons • They had to bite them open – greased with pork fat • Considered unclean by Muslims

• Many sepoys were jailed, others rebelled• British put down the rebellion

• Results• Britain takes direct control of India• Increased distrust between Indians and British

England’s Empire Grows

THE END

Imperialism Documents• BY YOURSELF!• Read the documents-analyze them• Then in complete sentences…answer the questions

Guns, Germs, Steel Video• Start today….finish tomorrow