wednesday!!!!! 9/28/11 bell ringer 1)get out your chapter notes and answer the following question:...
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Wednesday!!!!!9/28/11
Bell Ringer1) Get out your chapter notes and
answer the following question:1) Why is the Periodic Table a
great resource tool?2) How many atoms of each
element are in the following compound?
1) NaCl2) H2O
3) Ca3(PO4)2
Schedule1. Bell Ringer
2. PT Notes
3. Practice Problems
HOMEWORK: Finish Practice Problems & Study elements!!
PAP Chemistry
Teachers open the door, but you must enter by yourself.
I CAN……identify an unknown solution using physical properties.
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Elements & Compounds
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Elements• Can not be broken
down• Building blocks of all
substances• Most Pure substances
(that are compounds) can be broken down (sugar, salt, water)
• Above 92 on periodic table, except plutonium, do not occur naturally
• Smallest unit retaining properties of element: atom
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Elements in Nature
• Br and Hg liquid at room temp• 11 are gases • H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, He2, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn• Rest are solids• Names and Symbols: one or two
letters, first letter is always capitalized H = Hydrogen He = Helium Li = Lithium Be = Beryllium
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Periodic Table• Atomic number: whole number increasing as you move left to right…• Elements arranged with similar chemical properties in columns: Families or groups• Group 1A: alkali metals• Group 2A: alkaline earth metals• Group 3A: Boron Family• Group 4A: Carbon Family• Group 5A: Nitrogen Family (Pnictigens)• Group 6A: Oxygen Family (Chalcogens)• Group 7A: Halogens• Group 8A: Noble Gases • Groups 1- 7A and Noble Gases are referred to as Representative Elements• Middle of table is Transition Elements
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Metals, Non Metals & Metalloids
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Metals
• Most of P. table• Solids @ room temp• Hg is liquid• Lustrous• Good conductors: heat,
electricity• Malleable• Ductile• High mp and density• Ex: Al, Ag, Zn, Sn• Generally combine with non
metals to form COMPOUNDS • Alloys are mixtures of
metals – HOMOGENEOUS mixtures:
brass, bronze, steel, coinage
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Nonmetals
• Nonlustrous• Low mp and densities• Poor conductors of
electricity and heat• Br, liquid at room temp• C, P, S, Se, I solid at room
temp• Rest of nonmetals are
gases at room temp• Carbon (diamond and
graphite in nature)• Nonmetals combine with
each other to form compounds– CO2, CH4, C4H10, SO2
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Metalloids
• Have properties of both metals and nonmetals
• B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po• B, Si and Ge are used in semi-conductors
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Elements in Natural State• Elements exist in mixtures or compounds• Most elements are reactive• Ag, Po and Au can be found in pure form in nature• Nobel gases: Group 8A: non-reactive, for the most part• Krypton forms KrF2, a colorless solid, on reaction with fluorine.
– Helium, neon and argon form no known compounds. – Xenon forms a wide range of compounds with oxygen and fluorine.
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Diatomics
• Contain two atoms (can never exist alone bc too reactive)
• Seven diatomics
• H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2 and I2
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Compounds• Two or more
elements• Chemically
combined• Definite
proportions by mass
• Can decompose chemically into simpler substances
• Atoms are in whole number ratios
• NO FRACTIONS
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Molecules
• Smallest uncharged unit of a compound
• Union of two or more atoms• H2O• Two hydrogen atoms bonded to one
oxygen atom• *Remember, all molecules are
compounds but not all compounds are molecules. (ex: PO4
-3)
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Ions
• Positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms
• Cation is positive ion: loss of electron(s)
• Anion is negative ion: gain electron(s)
• Ionic bond is formed between cation and anion
• NaCl, NaOH, Ca(NO3)2
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Chemical Formulas
• Abbreviation for compound• Symbols and subscripts• How many atoms of each elements are
in the following compounds?• KBr• PbCl3• CaCO3
• Mg(OH)2
• H2SO4
• Ca(NO3)2