1

WEC Energy Group

Combustion Product Beneficial Use April 26, 2017 Upper Peninsula Solid Waste Forum Marquette, MI Bob Meidl, WEC Energy Group, Combustion Products Team

2

Agenda

n Intro: WEC Energy Group – Who are we? n Combustion Products – What are they? n Beneficial Use of Combustion Products – How? n Overcoming obstacles to utilization n Resources

3

Electric Distribution Electric Transmission

60% ownership

Natural Gas Distribution Electric Generation

4

WEC Energy Group

n 4.4 million customers n 1.6 million electric customers n 2.8 million gas customers

n 60% ownership of ATC

n 70,000 miles of electric distribution

n 44,000 miles of gas distribution

n 9,400 MW of power plant capacity

We Energies Michigan Gas Utilities Corporation Minnesota Energy Resources Corporation North Shore Gas Company The Peoples Gas Light and Coke Company Wisconsin Public Service Corporation

Service Territory Company Statistics

5

Coal Trains

Coal Pile

Coal Crusher House

Unit Coal Silos

Coal Pulverizers

Unit Boiler

Main Furnace

Boiler Backpass

Fabric Filter or Precipitator

(Removes > 99.9% of the Fly Ash)

Bottom Ash for use

Fly Ash SiloChimney

FGDScrubber

Fly Ash for use

Spray Dryer

Absorber

Lime/ReagentAddition

Gypsum for use

Limestone/ReagentAddition

Steam to Turbine Generator

Coal Feeders

6

Tail Wagging the Dog

7

Bottom Ash “Sand”

FGD Gypsum

Combustion Products

Fly Ash

8

We Energies / WPS Combustion Products Approximate Annual Production (Tons)

Plant Fly Ash Bottom Ash Gypsum n Weston 127,000 23,000 - n Pulliam 14,000 5,000 - n Presque Isle 44,000 9,000 - n Pleasant Prairie 182,000 40,000 64,000 n Elm Road 172,000 26,000 180,000 n Oak Creek 84,000 15,000 32,000 n Rothschild 13,000 18,000 - Total 636,000 136,000 276,000 *Production varies with Fuel sources and electrical demand

9

Waste or Resource?

“A WASTE is not a waste until you waste it.” Dr. Tarun Naik (UWM Center for Byproducts Utilization)

Better option is to find productive uses for materials that provide resources and benefits to society.

10

Be a positive impact - do not leave problems

11

Combustion Product Regulations n Federal – Coal Combustion Products (Residuals)

n Non-Hazardous waste when going to disposal n Self implementing rules related to management of CCR in disposal

setting (landfills and surface impoundments) n Ability for states to manage disposal permits n Language identifying beneficial use of CCR

n State – Michigan, Wisconsin and other states n Most have rules allowing specific beneficial uses including

ingredient in product (concrete, cement, wallboard), structural fill, stabilization agent, and some agricultural applications

n Test byproducts to categorize for allowable uses

Well thought out regulations are protective of the environment and help facilitate beneficial use.

12

Landfilling

13

Beneficial Use of Combustion Products

n Goal is to maximize the productive beneficial use of combustion products and minimize the need to landfill materials

-Improve sustainability practices -Reduce need for mining materials -Improve construction practices/products -Save money n National average for beneficial use of

combustion products is approximately 52%

14

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Com

bust

ion

Prod

ucts

(Ton

s)

We Energies/WPS Combustion Products*Production & Utilization (1980 - 2016)

CP Produced (Tons)

CP Utilized (Tons)

* Includes WPS starting in 2015

Chart1

19801980

19811981

19821982

19831983

19841984

19851985

19861986

19871987

19881988

19891989

19901990

19911991

19921992

19931993

19941994

19951995

19961996

19971997

19981998

19991999

20002000

20012001

20022002

20032003

20042004

20052005

20062006

20072007

20082008

20092009

20102010

20112011

20122012

20132013

20142014

20152015

20162016

CP Produced (Tons)

CP Utilized (Tons)

Combustion Products (Tons)

We Energies/WPS Combustion Products* Production & Utilization (1980 - 2016)

399300

18200

524000

12300

458600

8300

495780

14980

488006

41375

427545

83500

378065

143058

412628

243708

542812

239727

564045

239181

499842

232878

512652

221175

521778

225336

633890

265318

701824

337427

725880

362910

708360

400513

712949

428497

680796

445333

680155

544654

681084

577312

694385

586896

664224

632004

662400

646400

705900

657400

714000

638000

684000

682000

774000

764740

791300

756745

671677

649039

795368

871104

915562

906547

615199

608780

818229

1015485

978920

1001673

1102189

970699

1060121

1061853

Sheet1

YearCP Produced (Tons)Fly Ash Produced (Tons)Bottom Ash Produced (Tons)CP Utilized (Tons)Fly Ash Util. (Tons)Bottom Ash Util. (Tons)RecoveredFGD ProducedFGD UtilizedToxecon ProducedToxecon Utilized% Utilization

1980399,300341,20058,10018,20018,20000.05

1981524,000445,50078,50012,30012,30000.02

1982458,600389,80068,8008,3008,30000.02

1983495,780423,66072,12014,98014,98000.03

1984488,006402,99885,00841,37541,37500.08

1985427,545363,67163,87483,50069,95213,5480.20

1986378,065318,69159,374143,058132,10810,9500.38

1987412,628345,65266,976243,708231,40512,3030.59

1988542,812441,859100,953239,727226,86412,8630.44

1989564,045446,553117,492239,181221,78917,3920.42

1990499,842393,406106,436232,878207,63325,2450.47

1991512,652413,85198,801221,175211,3759,8000.43

1992521,778419,457102,321225,336217,1968,1400.43

1993633,890516,419117,471265,318247,97717,3410.42

1994701,824581,388120,436337,427297,69739,7300.48

1995725,880603,399122,481362,910309,68353,2270.50

1996708,360586,064122,296400,513345,33955,1740.57

1997712,949581,256131,693428,497326,669101,8280.60

1998680,796559,016121,780445,333333,707111,6260.65

1999680,155553,900126,255544,654430,696113,9580.80

2000681,084549,349131,735577,312441,127136,1850.85

2001694,385564,583129,802586,896463,518123,3780.85

2002664,224538,299125,925632,004484,209125,62022,1750.95

2003662,400554,900107,500646,400430,90084,30028,2000.98

2004705,900590,400115,500657,400547,800104,8004,8000.93

2005714,000597,000117,000638,000523,000108,0007,0000.89

2006684,000565,000117,000682,000531,000117,00032,0002,0002,0001.00

2007774,000574,000127,000764,740556,000126,0009,74073,00073,0000.99

2008791,300585,900127,400756,745543,000123,30012,44578,00078,0000.96

2009671,677476,898106,339649,039438,963101,68520,68388,44087,7080.97

2010795,368519,568105,573871,104491,426100,481109,934170,227169,2631.10

2011915,562534,131103,140906,547532,800100,996411278,291272,3400.99

2012615,199368,91076,228608,780357,31072,9859,906169,696168,57936500.99

2013818,229480,13698,2951,015,485471,87596,714208,950239,414237,94638401.24

2014978,920525,797121,0291,001,673523,456111,28637,842331,590329,08950401.02

20151,102,189687,369159,990970,699563,774154,2790254,206252,64662400.88

20161,060,121636,346139,4261,061,853599,382180,9220283,049281,5491,30001.00

Total through 201423,337,34418,476,3263,950,04916,473,19412,404,7852,571,056504,0861,967,9131,952,1203,17700.71

2015

WE904,288526,349123,109894,587524,364117,577- 0254,206252,646624- 00.99

WPS197,901161,02036,88176,11239,41036,7020.38

TOT1,102,189687,369159,990970,699563,774154,279- 0254,206252,646624- 00.88

2016

WE890,521494,941111,231875,773493,074101,150- 0283,049281,5491,300- 00.98

WPS169,600141,40528,195186,080106,30879,7721.10

TOT1,060,121636,346139,4261,061,853599,382180,922- 0283,049281,5491,300- 01.00

Sheet2

Sheet3

Sheet4

15

Bottom Ash Utilization

Base/subbase/structural fill under roads, buildings, and parking lots

Mineral ingredient in cement manufacture

16

Gypsum Utilization

Gypsum wallboard

Agricultural soil amendment

17

Calatrava Art Museum

Miller Park

Marquette Interchange I-794

Fly Ash Utilization -Concrete -Cement production -Stabilization

18

Fly Ash Use in Concrete

n Replace a percentage of Portland Cement in mix designs

n Reduce use of mined materials (conserve resources)

n Improve durability of concrete structures and products

n Lower cost of concrete n Improve sustainable practices (“Green

Concrete”)

19

Roman Concrete Structures – Volcanic Ash

20

Green Concrete

21

Green Concrete

22

Common sense in design?

23

Specification Title Application

ASTM D242-04 Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving Mixtures Asphaltic concrete

AASHTO M 172 Mineral Filler for Bituminous Paving Mixtures Asphaltic concrete

ASTM C593-06 Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for Use with Lime Soil stabilization

ASTM D 5239-04 Practice for Characterizing Fly Ash for Use in Soil Stabilization Soil stabilization

ASTM E2277-03 Guide for Design and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills Structural fill

ACI 232.2R Use of Fly Ash in Concrete Portland cement concrete

ASTM C311-05 Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans in for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete Portland cement concrete

AASHTO M 295 ASTM C618

Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in Concrete

Portland cement concrete

ASTM C6103-04 Test Method for Flow Consistency of Controlled Low Strength Material (CLSM) Flowable fill

ACI 229R Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM) Flowable fill

ASTM D6024-02 Ball Drop on Controlled Low Strength Material to Determine Suitability for Load Application Flowable fill

Industry Specifications

24

Fly Ash Quality Assurance Testing n Ash handling and sales handled by LafargeHolcim n Fly ash regularly tested for loss on ignition, strength

development, size, consistency, and conformance with specifications for use

25

Feedback Loop Key to success: n Results of Fly Ash quality testing are regularly

shared with Plant Operating, Maintenance and Engineering Teams

n When possible, Plant personnel consider

byproduct quality impacts and balance multiple priorities of Plant operation with consideration for maintaining beneficial use of byproducts

26

Feedback Loop

27

Overcoming Obstacles: Presque Isle Fly Ash Quality Challenge

n Change to PIPP Unit operation resulted in development of rock like material mixed in with fine powder fly ash

n While percentage of oversized material was small, it caused problems for the main customer that was utilizing the ash (plugged lines and process)

28

Overcoming Obstacles: Presque Isle Fly Ash Quality Challenge n Customer looked to other sources of material to

meet their needs n PIPP Plant Team and Combustion Products

Team investigated options to improve quality, find other uses for the fly ash, or landfill the ash

n Based on interest of satisfying and maintaining the ash customer, avoiding landfilling of the material and overall improved economics of beneficial use, the Team implemented a high capacity screening process that could handle large volume transfers

29

Success!!

Overcoming Obstacles: Presque Isle Fly Ash Quality Challenge

30

Overcoming Obstacles: Winter Fly Ash Production Storage

31

Fly Ash Storage

32

When byproducts do not meet specifications for use – Beneficiate (Make them better)

n Economics n Quality = Customer Satisfaction n Supplement Supply n Avoid Landfilling and Expense n Sustainability

33

Reburn High Carbon Ash

34

Ash Fuel Reburn Process

Coal

High Carbon Ash From Other Plants

Power Plant

Energy

Building Materials

35

Reburn Ash – Recover Fuel Value and Produce High Quality Fly Ash

36 Coal Combustion Products

Reburn and Displaced Coal Annual Totals

Displaced more than 2,900 railcars of coal since 2000!

336,000 Tons coal equivalent

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

Ash Reburned

Coal Displaced

37

Overcoming Obstacles: Invest in technology and process – Air Emission Control

38

Overcoming Obstacles: When things do not seem easy – Innovation may be the key

39

Demonstrate uses on in-house projects

40

Future Challenge and Opportunity n Production versus demand for materials Resource recovery: Develop safe and economical ways to recover previously landfilled materials for beneficial use in a resource constrained society.

41

Research

n Recovery/production of rare earth elements and precious metals from combustion products (DOE project)

42

Keys to Success

n Plant employee engagement – view materials as PRODUCTS

n Bring stakeholders together and welcome variety of expertise (industry, regulators, marketers, customers and researchers)

n Work to get past challenges and obstacles n Be active in and fund research and innovation

efforts n Be active in industry associations and work

groups

43

Beneficial Use of Byproducts – Can the tail wag the dog?

44

n http://www.we-energies.com/environmental/recycle_coalash.htm

Resources - Questions

http://www.we-energies.com/environmental/recycle_coalash.htm

Slide Number 1AgendaSlide Number 3WEC Energy GroupSlide Number 5Tail Wagging the DogBottom Ash “Sand”We Energies / WPS Combustion Products �Approximate Annual Production (Tons)Waste or Resource?Be a positive impact - do not leave problemsCombustion Product RegulationsLandfillingBeneficial Use of Combustion ProductsSlide Number 14Bottom Ash UtilizationGypsum UtilizationSlide Number 17Fly Ash Use in ConcreteRoman Concrete Structures – Volcanic AshGreen ConcreteGreen ConcreteCommon sense in design?Industry SpecificationsFly Ash Quality Assurance TestingFeedback Loop Feedback Loop Overcoming Obstacles: Presque Isle Fly Ash Quality ChallengeOvercoming Obstacles: Presque Isle Fly Ash Quality ChallengeOvercoming Obstacles: Presque Isle Fly Ash Quality ChallengeOvercoming Obstacles: Winter Fly Ash Production Storage�Fly Ash StorageWhen byproducts do not meet specifications for use – Beneficiate (Make them better)Reburn High Carbon Ash Ash Fuel Reburn ProcessReburn Ash – Recover Fuel Value and Produce High Quality Fly Ash Slide Number 36Overcoming Obstacles: Invest in technology and process – Air Emission ControlOvercoming Obstacles: When things do not seem easy – Innovation may be the key Demonstrate uses on in-house projectsFuture Challenge and OpportunityResearch Keys to SuccessBeneficial Use of Byproducts – Can the tail wag the dog?Resources - Questions