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IBM WebSphere Front cover

WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

Martin BentancourLibor Cada

Jing Wen CuiMarcio dAmico

Ural EmekciSebastian Kapciak

Jennifer RicciutiMargaret Ticknor

Learn about Websphere Application Server V8

Configure and administer a WebSphere system

Deploy applications in a WebSphere environment

http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/ http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/

International Technical Support Organization

WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

November 2011

SG24-7971-00

Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2011. All rights reserved.Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP ScheduleContract with IBM Corp.

First Edition (November 2011)

This edition applies to WebSphere Application Server V8.

Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in Notices on page xvii.

Contents

Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiTrademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xixThe team who wrote this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xixNow you can become a published author, too! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiComments welcome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiStay connected to IBM Redbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxii

Part 1. Installation and profile management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Chapter 1. System management: Technical overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 System management overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.1.1 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.2 Directory conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.1.3 Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.1.4 System management tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1.2 System management in a stand-alone server environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.3 System management of multiple stand-alone servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81.4 System management in a distributed server environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

1.4.1 Centralized changes to configuration and application data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.4.2 Rules for process startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121.4.3 Distributed process discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141.4.4 Configuration and application data repository. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151.4.5 File synchronization in distributed server environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

1.5 Management of distributed and stand-alone servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251.6 Centralized installation manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271.7 Java Management Extensions (JMX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.7.1 JMX MBeans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301.7.2 JMX usage scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.8 IBM Support Assistant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Chapter 2. Installing WebSphere Application Server on distributed systems . . . . . . 332.1 IBM Installation Manager overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.1.1 Terminology overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342.2 Installation Manager installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

2.2.1 Installation options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352.2.2 Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2.3 Using the Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452.3.1 Various modes in Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

2.4 Working with the Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.4.1 Installation Manager preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502.4.2 Repository overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512.4.3 Repository configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522.4.4 Updating the Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542.4.5 Key features of Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.4.6 Listing packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.4.7 Examining the log files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 562.4.8 Uninstalling the Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Copyright IBM Corp. 2011. All rights reserved. iii

2.5 Installing WebSphere Application Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.5.1 Checking prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.5.2 Installing WebSphere Application Server using the GUI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582.5.3 Creating a response file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662.5.4 Installing silently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

2.6 WebSphere Customization Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.6.1 Embedded WebSphere Customization Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702.6.2 Stand-alone WebSphere Customization Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712.6.3 Overview of the tools in the WebSphere Customization Toolbox offerings . . . . . 712.6.4 Installing the stand-alone WebSphere Customization Toolbox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 722.6.5 Starting the WebSphere Customization Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742.6.6 WebSphere Customization Toolbox command line tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Chapter 3. Working with profiles on distributed systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773.1 Types of profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

3.1.1 Application server profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783.1.2 Deployment manager profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793.1.3 Custom profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793.1.4 Cell profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793.1.5 Administrative agent profile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.1.6 Job manager profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803.1.7 Profile generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

3.2 Planning for profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823.3 Building systems with profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

3.3.1 Starting the WebSphere Customization Toolbox Profile Management Tool . . . . . 823.3.2 Common windows and steps for all profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833.3.3 Creating an application server profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953.3.4 Creating a deployment manager profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033.3.5 Creating a cell profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073.3.6 Creating a custom profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083.3.7 Federating nodes to a cell. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1123.3.8 Creating an administrative agent profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193.3.9 Creating a job manager profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243.3.10 Registering nodes to an administrative agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1253.3.11 Deregistering a node from the administrative agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1293.3.12 Registering an administrative agent node with a job manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

3.4 Managing profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1353.4.1 Using the manageprofiles command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1353.4.2 Getting help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363.4.3 Getting a list of profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1363.4.4 Creating a profile with the manageprofiles command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1373.4.5 Deleting profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Chapter 4. Installing WebSphere Application Server on z/OS systems. . . . . . . . . . . 1414.1 IBM Installation Manager overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1424.2 IBM Installation Manager installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

4.2.1 Checking prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1444.2.2 Obtaining an Installation Manager installation kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1444.2.3 Installing Installation Manager on the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

4.3 Working with Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1464.3.1 Installation Manager preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1464.3.2 Repository overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1464.3.3 Updating Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147iv WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

4.3.4 Installing the WebSphere Application Server initial repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1474.4 Using Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

4.4.1 Key features of Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1484.4.2 Uninstalling Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

4.5 Installing WebSphere Application Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1514.5.1 Installing using the command line. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1514.5.2 Installing additional packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1534.5.3 Creating response files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1534.5.4 Installing silently . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1544.5.5 The post-installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1554.5.6 Service information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1554.5.7 Uninstalling packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1564.5.8 Preparing the base z/OS operating system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

4.6 WebSphere Customization Toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Chapter 5. Working with profiles on z/OS systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1595.1 Creating WebSphere environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

5.1.1 WebSphere Application Server for z/OS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1615.1.2 WebSphere DMZ secure proxy server for z/OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

5.2 Getting started with the Profile Management tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1625.3 Creating a sample z/OS Network Deployment cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166

5.3.1 Creating a deployment manager definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1665.3.2 Creating the base application server definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1865.3.3 Federating an application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1995.3.4 Uploading jobs and associated instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

5.4 Creating a job manager profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2045.4.1 Creating the customization definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2045.4.2 Uploading the jobs and the associated instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

5.5 Creating an administrative agent profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2125.5.1 Creating the customization definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2135.5.2 Uploading jobs and the associated instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220

Part 2. Administration and configuration techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221

Chapter 6. Administration consoles and commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2236.1 Introducing the WebSphere administrative consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

6.1.1 Starting and accessing the consoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2246.1.2 Logging in to an administrative console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2266.1.3 Changing the administrative console session timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2296.1.4 The graphical interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2296.1.5 Finding an item in the administrative console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2366.1.6 Updating existing items. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2406.1.7 Adding new items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2426.1.8 Removing items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2436.1.9 Starting and stopping items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2436.1.10 Using variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2446.1.11 Saving work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2456.1.12 Getting help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

6.2 Securing the administrative console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2476.2.1 Enabling security after profile creation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2486.2.2 Administrative security roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249

6.3 Job manager console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2516.3.1 Submitting a job with the job manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2536.3.2 Distributing files using the job manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 Contents v

6.4 Using command-line tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2616.4.1 Command location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2616.4.2 Key usage parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2626.4.3 Entering commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262

Chapter 7. Administration of WebSphere processes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2657.1 Working with the deployment manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266

7.1.1 Deployment manager configuration settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2667.1.2 Starting and stopping the deployment manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268

7.2 Starting and stopping an administrative agent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2717.3 Starting and stopping the job manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2717.4 Working with application servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

7.4.1 Creating an application server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2727.4.2 Viewing the status of an application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2827.4.3 Starting an application server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2847.4.4 Stopping an application server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2897.4.5 Viewing runtime attributes of an application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2927.4.6 Customizing application servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

7.5 Working with nodes in a distributed environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3017.5.1 Starting and stopping nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3017.5.2 Node agent synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3037.5.3 Removing a node from a cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3057.5.4 Renaming a node . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3077.5.5 Node groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

7.6 Working with clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3107.6.1 Creating application server clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3107.6.2 Viewing the cluster topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3207.6.3 Managing clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

7.7 Working with virtual hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3217.7.1 Creating and updating virtual hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322

7.8 Managing applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3237.8.1 Managing enterprise applications: Administrative console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3247.8.2 Deploying an enterprise application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3257.8.3 Uninstalling an enterprise application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3307.8.4 Starting an enterprise application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3317.8.5 Stopping an enterprise application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3317.8.6 Preventing an enterprise application from starting on a server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3317.8.7 Viewing application details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3327.8.8 Finding a URL for a servlet or JSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

7.9 Enabling process restart on failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3377.9.1 Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3377.9.2 UNIX and Linux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3397.9.3 z/OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339

Chapter 8. Administration with scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3438.1 Overview of WebSphere scripting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3448.2 Launching wsadmin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345

8.2.1 Scripting environment properties file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3468.2.2 Script profile file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3478.2.3 Connected versus local mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

8.3 Command and script invocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3488.3.1 Invoking a single command (-c) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3488.3.2 Running script files (-f) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348vi WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

8.3.3 Invoking commands interactively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3498.4 The wsadmin tool management objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349

8.4.1 Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3508.4.2 AdminControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3518.4.3 AdminConfig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3518.4.4 AdminApp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3518.4.5 AdminTask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3518.4.6 Properties file based configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352

8.5 Managing WebSphere using script libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3538.5.1 Invoking script libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3548.5.2 Displaying help for script libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3558.5.3 Application script library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3568.5.4 Resource script library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3588.5.5 Security script library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3628.5.6 Server script library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3628.5.7 System management script library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366

8.6 Assistance with scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3678.6.1 Enabling command assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3678.6.2 Building script files using command assist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369

8.7 Example: Using scripts with the job manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3718.7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3718.7.2 Creating the customized script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3738.7.3 Submitting the job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3768.7.4 Verifying the results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

8.8 Online resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378

Chapter 9. Accessing databases from WebSphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3799.1 JDBC resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380

9.1.1 JDBC providers and data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3809.1.2 WebSphere support for data sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

9.2 Steps in defining access to a database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3839.2.1 Creating an authentication alias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

9.3 Example: Connecting to an IBM DB2 database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3849.3.1 Creating the JDBC provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3859.3.2 Creating the data source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

9.4 Example: Connecting to an Oracle database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3919.4.1 Creating the JDBC provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3919.4.2 Creating the data source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 392

9.5 Example: Connecting to an SQL Server database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3949.5.1 Creating the JDBC provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3959.5.2 Creating the data source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

9.6 Example: Connecting to an Informix Dynamic Server database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3999.6.1 Creating the JDBC provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4009.6.2 Creating the data source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401

9.7 Configuring connection pooling properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4039.7.1 WebSphere Application Server data source properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4079.7.2 Extended DB2 data source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4099.7.3 JDBCProviderManagement group commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4099.7.4 DB2 Lock sharing between transaction branches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410

Chapter 10. Accessing EIS applications from WebSphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41310.1 JCA resource adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414

10.1.1 WebSphere Application Server JCA support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Contents vii

10.2 Resource adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41510.2.1 Connection factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41610.2.2 Installing and configuring resource adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

10.3 Configuring J2C connection factories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42010.4 Resource authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422

10.4.1 Container-managed authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42310.4.2 Component-managed authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423

Chapter 11. Configuring messaging providers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42511.1 Messaging providers introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42611.2 Configuring the default messaging provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426

11.2.1 Configuring a connection factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42611.2.2 Configuring JMS destinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42911.2.3 Configuring JMS activation specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431

11.3 Configuring the WebSphere MQ provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43211.3.1 Configuring a connection factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43211.3.2 Configuring MQ destinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43511.3.3 Configuring MQ activation specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439

11.4 Configuring a generic JMS provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44011.4.1 Configuring a connection factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44011.4.2 Configuring JMS destinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441

Chapter 12. Configuring and managing web servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44312.1 Web server support overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

12.1.1 Request routing using the plug-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44512.1.2 Web server and plug-in management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445

12.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44912.3 Web server configuration using WebSphere Customization Toolbox (WCT) . . . . . . 450

12.3.1 Configuration files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45112.3.2 Stand-alone server environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45112.3.3 Distributed server environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45412.3.4 Configuring a remote web server in a distributed environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

12.4 Working with web servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46412.4.1 Manually defining nodes and web servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46512.4.2 Viewing the status of a web server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46912.4.3 Starting and stopping a web server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46912.4.4 IBM HTTP Server remote administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47012.4.5 Mapping modules to servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 474

12.5 Working with the plug-in configuration file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47612.5.1 Regenerating the plug-in configuration file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47712.5.2 Propagating the plug-in configuration file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48312.5.3 Modifying the plug-in request routing options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484

12.6 IBM HTTP Server and Web Server Plug-ins for IBM WebSphere Application Server for z/OS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486

12.6.1 IBM HTTP Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48612.6.2 Web Server Plug-ins for IBM WebSphere Application Server for z/OS . . . . . . 487

Part 3. Managing distributed systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

Chapter 13. Performance tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49513.1 Performance tuning facts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49613.2 Using the queue analogy to tune WebSphere resource pools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 496

13.2.1 Upstream queuing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49813.2.2 Data source tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499viii WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

13.2.3 EJB container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50113.2.4 Web container tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50213.2.5 Web server tuning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50413.2.6 Determining the optimum queue sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50413.2.7 Estimating web container and ORB thread pool initial sizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506

13.3 JVM tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50613.3.1 Garbage collection policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50713.3.2 Setting maximum and minimum heap sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51013.3.3 Sizing the nursery and tenured space when using the gencon policy . . . . . . . 51013.3.4 Using compressed references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511

13.4 Other tuning considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51213.4.1 Dynamic caching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51213.4.2 The pass by reference parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51213.4.3 Large page support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51313.4.4 High Performance Extensible Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51313.4.5 Application tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514

13.5 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51413.5.1 Tivoli Performance Viewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51413.5.2 Collecting Java dumps and core files using the administrative console . . . . . . 51513.5.3 IBM Pattern Modelling and Analysis Tool for Java Garbage Collector . . . . . . . 51513.5.4 IBM Monitoring and Diagnostic tools for Java. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51513.5.5 IBM HTTP server status monitoring page. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51613.5.6 WebSphere performance advisors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 516

Chapter 14. Clustering, workload management, and high availability. . . . . . . . . . . . 51914.1 Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520

14.1.1 Clustering for scalability and failover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52114.1.2 Creating a cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

14.2 Workload management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52514.2.1 Components that can be workload managed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52614.2.2 WLM benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529

14.3 High availability and failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52914.3.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52914.3.2 WebSphere Application Server high availability and failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53014.3.3 How high availability features work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 536

Chapter 15. Monitoring distributed systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54115.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542

15.1.1 Monitoring scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54315.2 Enabling monitoring infrastructures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 545

15.2.1 PMI defaults and monitoring settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54515.2.2 Enabling request metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552

15.3 Viewing the monitoring data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55615.3.1 Starting TPV monitoring and configuring settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55615.3.2 Exploring Tivoli Performance Viewer data views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 560

15.4 Monitoring scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56615.4.1 Database interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56615.4.2 Threading resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56715.4.3 JVM memory usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57015.4.4 Request level details . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

15.5 IBM Tivoli Composite Application Manager for WebSphere Application Server . . . . 57715.5.1 Installing the data collector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57815.5.2 Configuring IBM Tivoli Composite Application Manager for WebSphere metrics . . Contents ix

57815.5.3 Viewing IBM Tivoli Composite Application Manager for WebSphere data . . . . 582

15.6 Additional resources for monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58615.6.1 Verbose garbage collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58615.6.2 Java dump and core files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58915.6.3 Basic logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59015.6.4 Advanced logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59215.6.5 Operating system monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59715.6.6 Summary of monitoring tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 597

Part 4. Managing z/OS systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599

Chapter 16. Performance tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60116.1 Introduction to WebSphere Application Server for z/OS V8 performance. . . . . . . . . 60216.2 External factors and z/OS specifics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

16.2.1 Getting the most benefit from collocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60316.2.2 Addressing hardware configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60316.2.3 z/OS tuning tips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603

16.3 Performance tuning templates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60616.4 64-bit considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607

16.4.1 Enablement of 64-bit mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60716.4.2 Effects of switching to 64-bit mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608

16.5 JVM tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61316.5.1 Default garbage collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61316.5.2 General JVM suggestions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614

16.6 Connection pool tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61816.7 Runtime provisioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61916.8 Pass by reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62016.9 Logging and tracing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

16.9.1 HPEL overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62116.9.2 Enabling HPEL mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62116.9.3 z/OS logging and tracing tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621

16.10 Tuning workload management on z/OS systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62516.10.1 The concept of workload management on z/OS systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62516.10.2 Classification rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62616.10.3 Classification XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62716.10.4 Commands and tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 628

16.11 Fast response cache accelerator and caching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62916.11.1 FRCA overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63016.11.2 Enabling FRCA in WebSphere Application Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63016.11.3 Cache specification XML . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63716.11.4 FRCA and RACF integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63816.11.5 Caching enhancements in WebSphere Application Server V8. . . . . . . . . . . . 63816.11.6 Using IBM Extended Dynamic Cache Monitor to supervise caching . . . . . . . 638

16.12 Using WebSphere for z/OS Optimized Local Adapters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63916.12.1 Introduction to Optimized Local Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63916.12.2 Enabling WebSphere for z/OS Optimized Local Adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641

16.13 IBM HTTP Server Status monitoring page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64416.14 Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644

Chapter 17. Clustering and high availability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64717.1 Clustering on z/OS systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648

17.1.1 Clustering for scalability and failover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64817.1.2 Creating a cluster on a z/OS system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648x WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

17.2 High availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65217.2.1 High availability manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65217.2.2 Core groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65517.2.3 High availability policies and groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673

17.3 Failover and failback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67617.3.1 High availability and failover of singletons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67617.3.2 Data replication domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68717.3.3 Session management replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68917.3.4 EJB stateful session bean replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69117.3.5 Cache replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69417.3.6 Resource workload routing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69517.3.7 High availability application update rollout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69917.3.8 Additional resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702

Chapter 18. Monitoring z/OS systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70518.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70618.2 Monitoring from the administrative console. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70718.3 IBM Tivoli Composite Application Manager for WebSphere Application Server . . . . 707

18.3.1 Installing the data collector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70818.3.2 Configuring IBM Tivoli Composite Application Manager for WebSphere metrics . .

70818.3.3 Viewing IBM Tivoli Composite Application Manager for WebSphere data . . . . 718

18.4 Additional resources for monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71818.4.1 IBM Support Assistant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71818.4.2 Verbose garbage collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71818.4.3 Java dump and core files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72118.4.4 Basic logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72218.4.5 Advanced logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72318.4.6 z/OS monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72918.4.7 Summary of monitoring tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733

Part 5. Working with applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

Chapter 19. New features for application development and deployment . . . . . . . . . 73719.1 Java Enterprise Edition 6 support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73819.2 Integrated standards-base programming models and extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739

19.2.1 Session Initiation Protocol applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73919.2.2 Java batch programming model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73919.2.3 OSGi applications programming model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74119.2.4 Communications enabled applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74219.2.5 Service Component Architecture programming model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74219.2.6 Extensible Markup Language programming model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74419.2.7 Integrated Web Services support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74419.2.8 Simplified development of server-side REST applications using Java API for

RESTful Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74419.3 Monitored directory support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74519.4 Development and deployment tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 745

19.4.1 IBM Assembly and Deploy Tools for WebSphere Administration . . . . . . . . . . . 74519.4.2 IBM Rational Application Developer Standard Edition for WebSphere Software

Version 8. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74519.4.3 IBM Rational Application Developer for WebSphere Software Version 8 . . . . . 746

Chapter 20. Understanding class loaders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74720.1 JVM class loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 Contents xi

20.2 WebSphere Application Server and Java EE application class loaders . . . . . . . . . . 75120.2.1 WebSphere extensions class loader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75320.2.2 Application and web module class loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75420.2.3 Handling Java Native Interface code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 755

20.3 Configuring class loaders for Java EE applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75620.3.1 Application server class loader policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75720.3.2 Class loading and delegation mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75920.3.3 Shared libraries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76120.3.4 Class loader viewer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762

20.4 Learning class loaders for Java EE by example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76220.4.1 Example 1: Simple web module packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76320.4.2 Example 2: Adding an EJB module and utility jar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76520.4.3 Example 3: Changing the WAR class loader delegation mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . 76620.4.4 Example 4: Sharing utility JAR files using shared libraries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768

20.5 OSGi class loaders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773

Chapter 21. Packaging and deploying Java EE applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77521.1 Java EE applications introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776

21.1.1 Java EE 6 EAR files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77621.1.2 Development tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77721.1.3 Enterprise applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77721.1.4 EJB 3.1 modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77821.1.5 JPA persistence units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78121.1.6 JPA access intents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78221.1.7 Resource adapters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78321.1.8 Web modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78321.1.9 WebSphere extensions to web modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78421.1.10 EJB 3.1 content in WAR modules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787

21.2 Preparing to use the sample application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78821.2.1 Downloading the application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78821.2.2 Importing the application to the development tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78921.2.3 Customizing the sample application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78921.2.4 Creating the ITSO Bank DB2 database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790

21.3 Configuring web module extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79121.4 Packaging recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79321.5 Creating WebSphere Enhanced EAR files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793

21.5.1 Configuring a WebSphere Enhanced EAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79421.5.2 Configuring application options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79521.5.3 Configuring the JDBC provider and data source for DB2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79621.5.4 Configuring a virtual host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80121.5.5 Setting the default virtual host for web modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80221.5.6 Examining the WebSphere Enhanced EAR file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803

21.6 Exporting an application project to an EAR file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80421.7 Preparing the runtime environment for the application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805

21.7.1 Creating an environment variable for the application file directory . . . . . . . . . . 80521.7.2 Creating the ITSO Bank application server. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80621.7.3 Defining the ITSO Bank virtual host . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80921.7.4 Creating the virtual host for IBM HTTP Server and Apache . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81021.7.5 Creating a DB2 JDBC provider and data source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811

21.8 Deploying the application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81821.9 Deploying business-level applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 822

21.9.1 Creating a business-level application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82521.10 Deploying application clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828xii WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

21.10.1 Installing application clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82921.10.2 Preparing the sample application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82921.10.3 Launching the J2EE client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 830

Chapter 22. Updating Java EE applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83322.1 Working with applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83422.2 Replacing an entire application EAR file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83422.3 Replacing or adding an application module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836

22.3.1 Replacing or adding single files in an application or module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83722.3.2 Removing application content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83722.3.3 Performing multiple updates to an application or module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83822.3.4 Rolling out application updates to a cluster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84022.3.5 Hot deployment and dynamic reloading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 843

22.4 Using a monitored directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84422.4.1 Setting up a monitored directory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84622.4.2 Working with a monitored directory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 846

Chapter 23. Working with SCA applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85123.1 SCA application introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 852

23.1.1 SCA component . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85323.1.2 SCA composite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85323.1.3 SCA contribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 855

23.2 Preparing to use the sample application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85623.2.1 Downloading the application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85623.2.2 Importing the application to the development tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85723.2.3 Completing the service definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 857

23.3 Packaging an SCA application for deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85823.3.1 Creating the contribution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85923.3.2 Exporting the SCA application for deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862

23.4 Deploying an SCA application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86323.4.1 Importing the SCA archive file as an asset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86323.4.2 Creating a new business-level application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86623.4.3 Adding the new asset to the business-level application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86723.4.4 Starting and verifying the business-level application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 870

Chapter 24. Working with OSGi applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87124.1 OSGi overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 872

24.1.1 OSGi application model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87224.1.2 OSGi application life cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87424.1.3 Enterprise OSGi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875

24.2 Using the sample application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87624.3 Packaging OSGi applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 879

24.3.1 Enterprise bundle archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87924.3.2 Composite bundle archives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88024.3.3 Common OSGi patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88024.3.4 Sample application packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880

24.4 Exporting OSGi applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88224.5 Deploying OSGi applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 883

24.5.1 Deploying the application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88424.6 Updating OSGi applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886

Chapter 25. Session management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88925.1 HTTP session management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89025.2 Session management configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890 Contents xiii

25.2.1 Session management properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89025.2.2 Accessing session management properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891

25.3 Session identifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89125.3.1 Choosing a session tracking mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89225.3.2 Cookies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89425.3.3 URL rewriting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895

25.4 Local sessions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89725.5 General properties for session management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89825.6 Session affinity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90025.7 Session affinity and failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90125.8 Persistent session management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 903

25.8.1 Enabling database persistence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90525.8.2 Memory-to-memory replication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90825.8.3 Session management tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91525.8.4 Larger DB2 page sizes and database persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92125.8.5 Single and multi-row schemas (database persistence). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92125.8.6 Contents written to the persistent store using a database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 923

25.9 Invalidating sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92525.10 Session listeners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92625.11 Session security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92725.12 Session performance considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 928

25.12.1 Session size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92825.12.2 Reducing persistent store I/O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93125.12.3 Multirow persistent sessions: Database persistence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93125.12.4 Managing your session database connection pool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93225.12.5 Session database tuning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933

25.13 Stateful session bean failover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93325.13.1 Enabling stateful session bean failover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93325.13.2 Stateful session bean failover consideration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 936

Part 6. Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939

Chapter 26. Managing your environment with the centralized installation manager 94126.1 The centralized installation manager prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942

26.1.1 Linux and UNIX target requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94226.1.2 Windows target requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94326.1.3 IBM i targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94326.1.4 Additional requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943

26.2 Planning considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94426.2.1 WebSphere Application Server V8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94426.2.2 WebSphere Application Server V6.1 and V7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

26.3 Working with the centralized installation manager and WebSphere Application Server Version 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 945

26.3.1 Installation Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94526.3.2 Accessing the centralized installation manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 947

26.4 Working with the centralized installation manager and WebSphere Application Server V6.1 and V7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948

26.4.1 IBM Update Installer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94826.4.2 The centralized installation manager repository structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94826.4.3 Package types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94926.4.4 Accessing the central installation manager. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950

26.5 Managing WebSphere Application Server V8 environment with the centralized installation manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952xiv WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

26.5.1 Adding new targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95226.5.2 Installing Installation Manager on remote targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95526.5.3 Installing a Secure Shell (SSH) public key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96126.5.4 Installing WebSphere Application Server binaries on remote host . . . . . . . . . . 96226.5.5 Creating a WebSphere Application Server profile on a remote target . . . . . . . 96526.5.6 Registering and unregistering the profile in the Job Manager console . . . . . . . 96726.5.7 Working with remote targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96926.5.8 Installing maintenance to remote targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97326.5.9 Using the centralized installation manager with a command line . . . . . . . . . . . 975

26.6 Managing WebSphere Application Server V6.1 and V7 with the centralized installation manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 976

26.6.1 Installing the IBM Installation Factory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97626.6.2 Creating the centralized installation manager repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97626.6.3 Adding packages to the centralized installation manger repository when the

deployment manager is connected to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97726.6.4 When the deployment manager is not connected to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . 98226.6.5 Adding and removing additional installation targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98426.6.6 Installing a Secure Shell public key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98526.6.7 Installing packages to the target systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98726.6.8 Product installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98726.6.9 Installing maintenance to a target system. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98926.6.10 Uninstalling packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99226.6.11 The centralized installation manager AdminTask commands. . . . . . . . . . . . . 993

Chapter 27. System recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99527.1 Backups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 996

27.1.1 Backing up a profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99627.1.2 Restoring a profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99727.1.3 Exporting and importing profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 998

27.2 Recovery of transactions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100027.3 Environment recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1001

27.3.1 Rapid node recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100227.3.2 Moving nodes to new environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100427.3.3 Recreating cells from a template. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1008

Related publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011IBM Redbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011Other publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011Online resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011Help from IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013 Contents xv

xvi WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

Notices

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Preface

This IBM Redbooks publication provides system administrators and developers with the knowledge to configure an IBM WebSphere Application Server Version 8 runtime environment, to package and deploy applications, and to perform ongoing management of the WebSphere environment.

As one in a series of IBM Redbooks publications and IBM Redpapers publications for V8, the entire series is designed to give you in-depth information about key WebSphere Application Server features. In this book, we provide a detailed exploration of the WebSphere Application Server V8 runtime administration process.

This book includes configuration and administration information for WebSphere Application Server V8 and WebSphere Application Server Network Deployment V8 on distributed platforms and WebSphere Application Server for z/OS V8.

The following publications are prerequisites for this book:

WebSphere Application Server V8.0 Technical Overview, REDP-4756

IBM WebSphere Application Server V8 Concepts, Planning, and Design Guide, SG24-7957

The team who wrote this book

This book was produced by a team of specialists from around the world working at the International Technical Support Organization, Raleigh Center.

Figure 1 Left to right: Margaret, Jennifer, Jing Wen, Martin, Ural, Libor, Marcio, and Sebastian

Martin Bentancour is a Senior WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Portal consultant for ISA LTDA, an IBM premier Business Partner located in Montevideo, Uruguay. He specializes in high availability and disaster recovery architectures for mission-critical environments. His main responsibility is to keep every component of each solution up and running 24x7, including WebSphere Application Server, IBM WebSphere Portal, OmniFind Enterprise Edition, IBM HTTP Server, and IBM DB2 HADR databases. Previously, Martin worked as a Java EE developer, a task he still performs on occasion for the Portal development team. Copyright IBM Corp. 2011. All rights reserved. xix

Libor Cada is a IT Specialist working for Integrated Delivery Center SSO, in Brno, The Czech Republic. He has 8 years of experience in the IT and banking industries on mainframe IBM eServer zSeries and Linux on System z environments. He previously held a position of IBM z/OS DBDC systems programmer for CICS, DB2, WMQ, and IBM IMS products. He currently supports customers from multiple geographies in his role as a WebSphere Application Server and z/OS system programmer.

Jing Wen Cui is a software engineer working for China Development Lab, in Beijing, China. She has four years of experience in testing IBM WebSphere Business Process Management products. She worked as functional verification tester and a functional integration verification tester for WebSphere Process Server, and is now working as a system verification tester for WebSphere Business Process Management. Her areas of expertise include service-oriented architecture (SOA), implementation, and problem determination for IBM WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Process Server. She is certified in WebSphere Application Server V6.1.

Marcio dAmico is a Senior IT Specialist for IBM Global Technology Services in Brazil. He has 18 years of experience in IT and has been supporting WebSphere Application Server for the past 4 years. Previously, Marcio worked in a services team providing solutions and support for mainframe networks, and security, host integration, and financial products. He holds a Bachelors degree in Systems Analysis from Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Campinas. He is certified in WebSphere Application Server and has co-authored another IBM Redbooks publication.

Ural Emekci is a Technical Sales Specialist for Software Group, IBM Turkey. He has been working on the WebSphere product portfolio for 7 years. His areas of expertise include infrastructure architecture, SOA, and WebSphere products. He has extensive industry knowledge and hands-on project experience in multiple sectors, such as finance, telecommunications, public, and healthcare. Currently, he is responsible for delivering frequent customer presentations, solution designs, technical workshops, large scale proof of concepts (POCs), proofs of technology (POTs), and technical training to customers and Business Partners. He holds a Bachelors degree in Computer Science from Sabanci University. He is certified in WebSphere Application Server, IBM WebSphere Lombardi Edition, and SOA.

Sebastian Kapciak is an Advisory IT Specialist working for IBM Global Technology Services in Warsaw, Poland. Sebastian joined IBM in 2007 and has over 6 years of experience in software architecture and development. His areas of expertise include system integration and JEE technologies. He also specializes in the WebSphere Application Server, IBM DataPower appliances, and IBM Tivoli Access Manager. Sebastian holds a Master's degree in Information Technology from the University of Technology of Warsaw.

Jennifer Ricciuti is a Course Developer and Instructor in WebSphere Education. She has 15 years of experience in developing and delivering education courses on various WebSphere products, including WebSphere Application Server, WebSphere Process Server, and IBM WebSphere eXtreme Scale. Jennifer has contributed to the development of several IBM Certification Tests for both WebSphere Application Server and WebSphere Process Server. Her areas of expertise include course design and development. She holds a Bachelors degree in Computer Science from Point Park University. She works and resides in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Margaret Ticknor is an IT Specialist at the IBM ITSO Center in Raleigh. She writes about WebSphere products and solutions. Prior to joining the ITSO in 1997, Margaret worked in Endicott, supporting internal VM customers. Margaret attended the Computer Science program at State University of New York at Binghamton. xx WebSphere Application Server V8: Administration and Configuration Guide

Thanks to the following people for their contributions to this project:

Carla Sadtler, Rich Conway, Bob Haimowitz, Tamikia Barrow, Debbie Willmschen, Stephen Smith, Karen Lawrence, Linda RobinsonInternational Technical Support Organization, Raleigh Center

Felix WongIBM Canada

Tom Alcott, Dave Follis, Tony GarciaIBM US

Thanks to the authors of the previous editions of this book.

Authors of the first editions of this book, WebSphere Application Se