UNIT IV(1450-1750)

Thanks To:Emily Nall-Crist

Piper DurrellPamela Hammond

Allison YoungHetal Patel

1. Which of the following demonstrates syncretic belief systems?I. When Protestantism led to different branches of Christianity.II. When the natives in Mexico adapted Catholicism, worshipping Catholic Saints

similarly to how they had worshipped their old gods.III. When Africans in the Caribbean mixed traditional African religion with

Christianity to create voodoo.IV. When the Jesuits were created to help spread Catholicism.

a. I and IIb. II and IIIc. III and IVd. I, II, and IV

KC: 4.1.VI T: 2: Development and Interaction of Cultures S: Contextualization

2. Fur trapping in Russia, cotton weaving in India, and silk making in China all led to a rise in peasant labor from 1450-1750 as a result of:A. Decreased control by the monarchy due to world conflicts.B. Increased demand for goods as the world economy expanded.C. Increased use of slave labor in these countries.D. Decreased use of merchants as people relied less on trade.

KC: 4.2.I T: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems S: Causation

3. What was the main reason why China did not claim new land in the Americas and elsewhere during the time period from 1450-1750?A. They lacked the technology necessary to transverse large stretches of ocean.B. The emperors of China thought exploration was not necessary and was a waste of

resources.C. They were struggling to hold onto their territory and put all their resources towards

holding their empire together.D. They were busy concentrating their trade across the Silk Road.

KC: 4.1.III T: Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems S: Contextualization

4. Which of the following is true of the merchant class during the time period 1450-1750?A. In Europe, merchants enjoyed prestige and privilege that previously had been enjoyed

only by the nobility.B. In China, merchants quickly became one of the most respected classes in the social

hierarchy.C. In India, the development of the merchant class undermined the caste system.D. In Africa, merchants disappeared as the slave trade grew.

KC: 4.2.II T: 5-Development and Transformation of Social Structures S: Contextualization

5. Innovations in art such as Renaissance Art if Europe, miniatures in the Middle East, and wood-block prints in Japan were encouraged because of:A. The need for art to keep people close to their faith.B. The increased funding available due to trade and taxes.C. The technological innovations with the industrial revolution that created a surplus of

farmers.D. The desire of monarchs to demonstrate their power.

KC: 4.1.VII T: 2-Development and Interaction of Cultures S: Causation

6. “As I know you will be rejoiced at the glorious success that our Lord has given me in my voyage, I write this to tell you how in thirty-three days I sailed to the Indies with the fleet that the illustrious King and Queen, our Sovereigns, gave me, where I discovered a great many islands, inhabited by numberless people; and of all I have taken possession for their Highnesses by proclamation and display of the Royal Standard without opposition…. Another island, I am told, is larger than Hispaniola, where the natives have no hair, and where there is countless gold; and from them all I bring Indians to testify to this. To speak, in conclusion, only of what has been done during this hurried voyage, their Highnesses will see that I can give them as much gold as they desire, if they will give me a little assistance, spices, cotton, as much as their Highnesses may command to be shipped, and mastic as much as their Highnesses choose to send for, which until now has only been found in Greece, in the isle of Chios, and the Signoria can get its own price for it; as much lign-aloe as they command to be shipped, and as many slaves as they choose to send for, all heathens.”

Letter from Christopher Columbus to Luis de Sant Angel Announcing His Discovery (1493)

Based on the passage above, one can assume that Columbus’s primary objective was:

A. To spread Christianity throughout the world.B. To make a profit for the throne.C. To gain personal wealth.D. To find slaves.

KC: 4.1.III and IV T: 2-Development and Interaction of Cultures and 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict S: Interpretaion

7. The picture above represents architecture from which empire?A. PersianB. RomanC. MughalD. Ottoman

KC: 4.3.1 T: 2-Development and Interaction of Cultures S: Contextualization

8. “The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth; for kings are not only God's lieutenants upon earth, and sit upon God's throne, but even by God himself are called gods. There be three principal similitudes that illustrate the state of monarchy: one taken out of the word of God; and the two other out of the grounds of policy and philosophy. In the Scriptures kings are called gods, and so their power after a certain relation compared to the divine power. Kings are also compared to fathers of families: for a king is truly Parens patriae, the politique father of his people. And lastly, kings are compared to the head of this microcosm of the body of man. Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth: for if you will consider the attributes to God, you shall see how they agree in the person of a king. God hath power to create or destrov make or unmake at his pleasure, to give life or send death, to judge all and to be judged nor accountable to none; to raise low things and to make high things low at his pleasure, and to God are both souls and body due. And the like power have kings: they make and unmake their subjects, thev have power of raising and casting down, of life and of death, judges over all their subjects and in all causes and yet accountable to none but God only. . . .I conclude then this point touching the power of kings with this axiom of divinity, That as to dispute what God may do is blasphemy....so is it sedition in subjects to dispute what a king may do in the height of his power. But just kings will ever be willing to declare what they will do, if they will not incur the curse of God. I will not be content that my power be disputed upon; but I shall ever be willing to make the reason appear of all my doings, and rule my actions according to my laws. . . I would wish you to be careful to avoid three things in the matter of grievances:First, that you do not meddle with the main points of government; that is my craft . . . to meddle with that were to lesson me . . . I must not be taught my office.Secondly, I would not have you meddle with such ancient rights of mine as I have received from my predecessors . . . . All novelties are dangerous as well in a politic as in a natural body. and therefore I would be loath to be quarreled in my ancient rights and possessions, for that were to judge me unworthy of that which my predecessors had and left me.And lastly, I pray you beware to exhibit for grievance anything that is established by a settled law, and whereunto . . . you know I will never give a plausible answer; for it is an undutiful part in subjects to press their king, wherein they know beforehand he will refuse them.” From King James I, Works, (1609)

The quote above illustrates which of the following concepts:A. That rulers rule because they are given the right by God but if they don’t act

accordingly they will lose power.B. That rulers are given power by God and thus can rule as they see fit.C. That rulers should be the head of the church in their respective states.D. That rulers should be worshipped and all other religions banned.

KC: 4.3.I T: 3: State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict S: Interpretation

9. “And that the Holy Ghost does manifestly express, saying: "I suffer not that woman usurp authority above man" (1 Tim. 2:12). He says not, "I will not that woman usurp authority above her husband;" but he names man in general, taking from her all power and authority to speak, to reason, to interpret, or to teach; but principally to rule or to judge in the assembly of men. So that woman by the law of God, and by the interpretation of the Holy Ghost, is utterly forbidden to occupy the place of God in the offices aforesaid, which he has assigned to man, whom he has appointed and ordained his lieutenant in earth, excluding from that honour and dignity all women… And therefore yet again I repeat, that which before I have affirmed: to wit, that a woman promoted to sit in the seat of God (that is, to teach, to judge, or to reign above man) is a monster in nature, contumely to God, and a thing most repugnant to his will and ordinance.” 

-The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, 1558, John Knox

“For Man and Woman were helps meet in the Image of God, and in Righteousness and Holiness, in the Dominion before they fell; but after the Fall, in the Transgression, the Man was to rule over his Wife; but in the Restoration by Christ, into the Image of God, and his Righteousness... they are helps meet, Man and Woman, as they were before the Fall .... And there are Elder Women in the Truth, as well as Elder Men in the Truth; and these Women are to be teachers of good things; so they have an Office as well as the Men, for they have a Stewardship, and must give account of their Stewardship to the Lord, as well as the Men. Deborah was a judge; Miriam and Huldah were prophetesses; old Anna was a prophetess .... Mary Magdalene and the other Mary were the first preachers of Christ’s Resurrection to the Disciples... they received the Command, and being sent, preached it: So is every Woman and Man to do, that sees him risen, and have the Command and Message .... And if the Unbelieving Husband is sanctified by the Believing Wife, then who is the Speaker, and who is the Hearer? Surely such a Woman is permitted to speak and to work the Works of God, and to make a Member in the Church; and then as an Elder; to oversee that they walk according to the Order of the Gospel. What, are Women Priests? Yes, Women Priests. And can Men and Women offer Sacrifice without they wear the holy Garments? No: What are the holy Garments Men and Women must wear?.., the Priest’s Surplice? Nay.... It is the Righteousness of Christ .... this is the Royal Garment of the Royal Priesthood, which everyone must put on, Men and Women.” - Quaker views, from George Fox, A collection of many select and Christian epistles, 1672

The above quotes illustrate which of the following:A. After the Protestant Reformation women were encouraged to spread the word of God

by being preachers.B. After the Protestant Reformation there were multiple interpretations of scripture on

the same subject that led to different practices.C. After the Protestant Reformation although different churches developed, they had

very similar traditions and practices.D. After the Protestant Reformation women were not allowed to preach because they

should not be able to hold an office of God.

KC: 4.1.VI T: 2-Development and Interaction of Cultures S: Comparison, Historical Argumentation

10.

An Amerindian Depiction of their messengers’ encounter with the Spaniards, created in the mid to late 16 th century

Which of the following is a probable objective of the artist of these illustrations?A. To illustrate how the Aztecs were unfairly enslaved by the Spaniards.B. To illustrate how the Spaniards treated the Aztecs with respect.C. To illustrate that the Aztecs came to initiate war.D. To illustrate why the Spaniards were far superior.

KC: 4.1.IV T: 2-Development and Interaction of Cultures S: Interpretation, Use of Relevant Historical Evidence

10.1. Which of the following technological innovations most contributed to the military success of empires in Egypt, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia in the period 1500 – 1000 BCE?

a. city walls and castlesb. chariots and compound bowsc. catapults and crossbowsd. canals and warships

11. Question 11

Timelines of indigo prohibitions in Europe France1598 Importation of indigo banned

1609 King Henry VI’s edict sentencing to death any person found using “the deceitful and injurious dye called inde (indigo)”

1737 French dyers officially free to use imported indigo

Germany1557 First prohibition banning indigo “the devil’s dye” on grounds that it was “pernicious, deceitful, eating and corrosive”

1650 Dresden decree against indigo

1661 Prohibition of “corrosive” dyes, especially indigo

1664 Prohibition of indigo by the government of the Duchy of Wurtemburg

1700 Nuremberg magistrates still forcing dyers to swear annually, under oath, not to use indigo under threat of the death penalty

1800 Nuremberg edict rescinded

Britain1532 Imported indigo denounced as “food for the devil” and subject to various prohibitions

1581 Queen Elizabeth I authorizes use of indigo only in addition to woad. Indigo used for other purposes is to be confiscated and burned. Soon after, indigo is declared to be poisonous, and any use of it is forbidden

1640 Dyers are encouraged to switch to indigo, as it is believed to produce a better dye than woad

1660 Ban forbidding use of indigo lifted

1664–94 During this period, the British export 1,241,967 lbs. of indigo from Bombay and Surat alone through the English East India Company

11. What would be the reason Germany was the last to lift the ban on indigo?

(A) The woad workers guild was powerful.(B) Germany was not trading in Southeast Asia.(C) The Pope had issued a ban against indigo.(D) German chemists believed woad was a better dye than indigo

Primary source: Father Isaac Jogues, "Novum Belgium," travel narrative, 1643. 

New Holland, which the Dutch call in Latin Novum Belgium—in their own language,Nieuw Nederland, that is to say,

New Low Countries—is situated between Virginia and New England. . . The channel is deep, fit for the largest ships, which ascend to Manhattes Island, which is seven leagues in circuit, and on which there is a fort to serve as the commencement of a town to be built here, and to be called New Amsterdam. . . 

On the island of Manhate, and in its environs, there may well be four or five hundred men of different sects and nations: the Director General told me that there were men of eighteen different languages; they are scattered here and there on the river, above and below, as the beauty and convenience of the spot has invited each to settle: some mechanics however, who ply their trade, are ranged under the fort; all the others are exposed to the incursions of the natives, who in the year 1643, while I was there, actually killed some two score Hollanders, and burnt many houses and barns full of wheat. . . 

Shortly before I arrived there, three large ships of 300 tons each had come to load wheat; two found cargoes, the third could not be loaded, because the savages had burnt a part of the grain. These ships had come from the West Indies, where the West India Company usually keeps up seventeen ships of war.

No religion is publicly exercised but the Calvinist, and orders are to admit none but Calvinists, but this is not observed; for besides the Calvinists there are in the colony Catholics, English Puritans, Lutherans, Anabaptists, here called Mnistes [Mennonites], etc.

When any one comes to settle in the country, they lend him horses, cows, etc.; they give him provisions, all which he returns as soon as he is at ease; and as to the land, after ten years he pays in to the West India Company the tenth of the produce which he reaps.

12. The cultural diversity of New Amsterdam is later reflected in the city now known as

(A) New York (B) Boston (C) Philadelphia (D) Newark

This excerpt comes from Onna daigaku, or Greater Learning for Women, which is commonly attributed to Kaibara Ekiken (1630-1714), a Japanese botanist

Girl’s Instruction

It is a girl’s destiny, on reaching womanhood, to go to a new home, and live in submission to her father-in-law… Should her parents, through her tenderness, allow her to grow up self-willed, she will infallibly show herself capricious in her husband’s house, and thus alienate his affection; while, if her father-in-law be a man of correct principles, the girl will find the yoke of these principles intolerable. She will hate and decry her father-in-law, and the end of these domestic dissensions will be her dismissal from her husband’s house and the covering of herself with ignominy…

II. Demarkation Between the Sexes

From her earliest youth a girl should observe the line of demarkation separating women from men, and never, even for an instant, should she be allowed to see or hear the least impropriety. The customs of antiquity did not allow men and women to sit in the same apartment, to keep their wearing apparel in the same place, to bathe in the same place, or to transmit to each other anything directly from hand to hand. A woman... must observe a certain distance in her relations even with her husband and with her brothers. In our days the women of lower classes, ignoring all rules of this nature, behave themselves disorderly; they contaminate their reputations, bring down reproach upon the head of their parents and brothers, and spend their whole lives in an unprofitable manner… [A] woman must form no friendship and no intimacy except when ordered to do so by her parents or middlemen. Even at the peril of her life must she harden her heart like rock or metal and observe the rules of propriety.

III. “Seven Reasons For Divorce”

In China marriage is called “returning,” for the reason that a woman must consider her husband’s home as her own, and that, when she marries, she is therefore returning to her own home. However low and needy her husband’s position may be, she must find no fault with him, but consider the poverty of the household which it has pleased Heaven to give her as the ordering of an unpropitious fate… With regard to this point, there are seven faults which are termed the “Seven Reasons for Divorce”:

(i) A woman shall be divorced for disobedience to her father-in-law or mother-in-law. (ii) A woman shall be divorced if she fails to bear children, the reason for this rule being that women are sought in marriage for the purpose of giving men posterity. A barren woman should, however, be retained if her heart be virtuous and her conduct correct and free from jealousy, in which case a child of the same blood must be adopted; neither is there any just cause for a man to divorce a barren wife if he have children by a concubine. (iii) Lewdness is a reason for divorce. (iv) Jealousy is a reason for divorce. (v) Leprosy or any like foul disease is a reason for divorce. (vi) A woman shall be divorced who, by talking overmuch and prattling disrespectfully, disturbs the harmony of kinsmen and brings trouble on her household. (vii) A woman shall be divorced who is addicted to stealing. All the “Seven Reasons for Divorce” were taught by the sage. A woman once married, and then divorced, has wandered from the “way,” and is covered with great shame, even if she should enter into a second union with a man of wealth and position.

13. The Greater Learning for women reflects what important influence in Japanese culture?(A) women (B) nature (C) Buddha (D) ConfuciusFrom Father Monserrate, S.J., Commentary on his Journey to the Court of Akbar from 1580 to 1583, edited by S.NBanjerjce, translated by J.S. Hoyland (London: Oxford University Press, 1922)

This Prince [Akbar] is of a stature and of a type of countenance well-fitted to his royal dignity, so that one could easily recognise, even at the first glance, that he is the King. He has broad shoulders, somewhat bandy legs well-suited for horsemanship, and a light-brown complexion. He carries his head bent towards the right shoulder. His forehead is broad and open, his eyes so bright and flashing that they seem like a sea shimmering in the sunlight. . . .

Contrary to the custom of his race he does not cut his hair; nor does he wear a hat, but a turban, into which he gathers up his hair. He does this, they say, as a concession to Indian usages, and to please his Indian subjects. He limps in his left leg, though indeed he has never received any injury there. His body is exceedingly well-built and is neither too thin nor too stout. He is sturdy, hearty and robust.

When he laughs, his face becomes almost distorted. His expression is tranquil, serene and open, full also of dignity, and when he is angry, of awful majesty. . . . It is hard to exaggerate how accessible he makes himself to all who wish audience of him.

For he creates an opportunity almost every day for any of the common people or of the nobles to see him and converse with him; and he endeavours to show himself pleasant-spoken and affable rather than severe toward all who come to speak with him. It is very remarkable how great an effect this courtesy and affability has in attaching to him the minds of his subjects. For in spite of his very heterodox [against accepted beliefs of a particular religion] attitude towards the religion of Muhammad, and in spite also of the fact that Musalmans [muslims] regard such an attitude as an unforgivable offence, . . . Akbar . . . has not yet been assassinated. He has an acute insight, and shows much wise foresight both in avoiding dangers and in seizing favourable opportunities for carrying out his designs. Yet all these fine qualities both of body and mind lose the greater part of their splendor because the lustre of the True Faith is lacking. . . .

He is a great patron of learning, and always keeps around him erudite men, who are directed to discuss before him philosophy, theology, and religion, and to recount to him the history of great kings and glorious deeds of the past. He has an excellent judgment and a good memory, and has attained to a considerable knowledge of many subjects by means of constant and patient listening to such discussions. Thus he . . . makes up for his ignorance of letters (for he is entirely unable either to read or write). . . . He can give his opinion on any question so shrewdly and keenly, that no one who did not know that he is illiterate would suppose him to be anything but very learned and erudite. . . .

14. Which one of these traits of Akbar, as described by Father Monserrate, is his most important legacy to the culture of the Mughal Empire?

(A) his religious tolerance (B) his ability to listen to the people (C) his love of reading (D) his temper

Italian Jesuit Matteo Ricci (1562-1610) made the following observations about the system of astronomy in China: The present Emperor supports two separate schools of astronomy at a very great expense .…One of these schools follows the method of the Chinese who claim to possess the knowledge of determining the calendars and the eclipses. The other follows the Saracens [Muslims],reducing the same facts to the tables which have been introduced from abroad. The results arrived at by each school . . . are always compared so that one may be aided and corrected by the other for a final decision (Ho 1969: 153)They (the Chinese) divide the heavens into constellations in a manner somewhat different from that which we employ. Their count of the stars outnumbers the calculations of our astronomers by fully four hundred, because they include in it many of the fainter stars which are not always visible.And yet with all this, the Chinese astronomers take no pains whatever to reduce the phenomena of celestial bodies to the discipline of mathematics . . . Finally they center their whole attention on that phase of astronomy which our scientists term astrology, which may be accounted for by the fact that they believe that everything happening on this terrestrial globe of ours depends on the stars..”15. Astronomy was of great importance to the Chinese emperor and culture because of

(A) the planting of the crops (B) the emperor is the Son of Heaven (C) burial requirements (D) religious rituals related to the sun

16. Answer the following questions using the picture below:

©AKG images

Whose beard is being cut in the picture above?

(A) a French army officer during the French and Indian War (B) a German mercenary during the American Revolution (C) a Russian boyar during the reign of Peter the Great (D) a Spanish naval officer during the conquest of his Annada

17. What is the main reason that the individual's beard is being cut?

(A) to make him comply with an official order intended to make his country modernize

(B) to make him pay homage to a conquering ruler (C) at his request, to enable him to be named by his ruler as a member of the

highest elite group

(D) as a requirement for all men who fight in the military

Key Concept 4.2 New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production; Theme 5: Development and transformation of social structures; Skill: Causation, Use of EvidenceSource: Ethel Wood’s AP World History Examination 2nd edition

India World. com

18. The main reason that this building was constructed between 1632 and 1649 was to serve as

(A) a place of worship for people of many faiths

(B) a palace for the ruler (C) a mausoleum for the ruler's dead wife (D) an administrative building for the government

19. The building was constructed in a place ruled by the

(A) Ottoman sultan (B) Gupta emperor (C) Mongol khan (D) Mughal emperor

Key Concept 4.3 State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion; Theme 2 Development and interaction of cultures; Skill: Use of Evidence; Source: Ethel Wood’s AP World History Examination 2nd edition

Animated by the spirit of this fatwa, conforming to the Quran, the code of divine laws, and wishing on one side to strengthen Islam, on the other to liberate the lands and peoples who writhe under your yoke, we have resolved to lay aside our imperial robes in order to put on the shield and coat of mail [armor]...

20. The letter above written by the Sunni Ottoman Sultan Selim I to the Shia Safavid Shah Ismail highlights

A. the intensification of the split between Sunni and Shia sects of IslamB. a strong desire to use the Quran to resolve differences nonviolentlyC. an increasing tension between Muslims and Jews in the Ottoman EmpireD. a growing united front among Muslims against the spread of Christianity

Key Concept 4.3 State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion; Theme 3 State-building, expansion, and conflict; Skill: Argumentation, Interpretation, Use of Evidence; Source: I borrowed this from Rob Plunkett; downloaded from APWH Teachers FB page 1/22/13

In recent decades, many world historians have challenged the commonly held view that Europeans controlled the largest share of world trade in the seventeenth through the eighteenth centuries.

21. Which of the following evidence from the period would best support this historical reinterpretation?

A. Prices for Chinese goods were much higher in Europe than in China.B. European trading companies often backed their long-distance trading ventures with the

threat of military force.C. Asian trading companies dominated trade in the Indian Ocean region.D. European merchants transported only a fraction of the goods shipped globally.

Key Concept 4.3 State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion; Theme 3 State-building, expansion, and conflict; Skill: Argumentation, Interpretation, Sythesis; Source: I borrowed this from Rob Plunkett; downloaded from APWH Teachers FB page 1/22/13

The following questions are based on the following observation, made by Venetian Ambassador, Bernardo Navagero in the year 1553:

"The Turkish Court is a superb sight, and most superb is the Sultan himself. One's eyes are dazzled by the gleam of gold and jewelry. Silk and brocade shimmer in flashing rays. What strikes one about Suleiman the Magnificent is not his flowing robes or his high turban. He is unique among the throng because his demeanor is that of a truly great emperor." http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/ 196402/

22. The Sultan referred to in the quote above was one of the most famous rulers of the A. Mughal Empire B. Ottoman Empire C. Mongol Empire D. Abbasid Caliphate

23. To his people, the Sultan referred to in the quote above is remembered as the: A. Lawgiver B. Universal One C. Great D. Peace Maker

Key Concept 4.3 State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion; Theme 3 State-building, expansion, and conflictSkill: Conceptualization; Source: Ethel Wood’s AP World History Examination 2nd edition

"Generally, an adult male had to spend 1/7 of his time working for the ruler, a few months at a time. When his obligation to the state was complete, he would return home until his service time came up again. The Spanish adopted this system, but when so many natives died, the Spanish had to increase the time natives committed to projects that it became impractical. "

24. The passage above describes the mita labor system originally used in the western hemisphere by the

A. Aztecs in Mesoamerica B. Anasazi in North America C. Inca in South America D. Maya in Central America

Key Concept 4.2 New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production; Theme 4 Creation, expansion, and interaction of economic systems; Skill: Conceptualization; Source: Ethel Wood’s AP World History Examination 2nd edition

Chinese Naval Expeditions, 1405-1433

25. The Voyages of Zheng He expanded official maritime activity for the purpose of(A)Searching for converts to Buddhism(B) Enhancing Chinese prestige (C) Conquering new territories(D)Establishing a sea route to Europe

Key Concept: 4.1.III.A; Theme: 2, Development and Interaction of Cultures; Skill: Historical Argumentation

26. The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent?(A)The Mongol Empire(B) The Russian Empire(C) The Byzantine Empire(D)The Ottoman Empire

Key Concept 4.3.II.B; Theme: 3 State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict Skill: Use of Evidence

27. The map represents the maritime empire of the(A)Portuguese(B) Spanish(C) French(D)British

Key Concept 4.3.II.C; Theme 3 State-Building, Expansion, and Conflict Skill: Use of Evidence

28. As a result of cotton textile production in India what type of labor intensified?(A)Gentry(B) Peasant(C) Slave(D)Elite

Key Concept 4.2.I.A; Theme 4 Creation, Expansion, and Interaction of Economic Systems; Skill: Chronological Reasoning

29. “Without doubt there is in these lands a very large quantity of gold . . . And also there are stones, and there are precious pearls and infinite spicery . . . And also here there is probably a great quantity of cotton; and I think that it would sell very well here without taking it to Spain but to the big cities belonging to the Grand [Mongol] Khan.”

What does the quote above reveal about Columbus?A) That he was partially loyal to the Mongol Khans.B) That his beliefs, both about the resources and location of the Caribbean Islands, were

grossly inaccurate.C) That he was concerned more about material wealth than about spreading Christianity.D) That he placed a high priority on establishing friendship with the natives over trading with

them.E) He was barely literate.

KC: 4.1.3, Theme: Interaction, Skill: Quote Interpretation

30. “To give the monopoly of the home market to the produce of domestic industry, in any particular art or manufacture, is in some measure to direct private people in what manner they ought to employ their capitals, and must, in almost all cases, be either a useless or a hurtful regulation. If the produce of domestic can be brought there as cheap as that of foreign industry, the regulation is evidently useless. If it cannot, it must generally be hurtful.”

The quote above is a critique of which economic theory?A) MercantilismB) Laissez-FaireC) CapitalismD) Socialism.E) Communism.

KC: 4.1.4, Theme: Political, Economic, Interaction, Skill: Quote Interpretation

31. Whose philosophy is expressed in the quote above (question #2)?A) ConfuciusB) Matteo RicciC) John LockeD) Adam SmithE) Ibn Khaldun

KC: 4.1.4, Theme: Political, Economic, Interaction, Skill: Quote Interpretation/ contextualization

32. All of the following were reasons for the European interest in finding a maritime trade route EXCEPT A) the spread of the bubonic plague made the silk roads more dangerous. B) Mongol domination had caused trade along the Silk Roads to stop. C) the high prices charged by Muslim merchants. D) the demand in Europe for items such as Indian pepper and Chinese ginger. E) the desire to expand the boundaries of Christianity.

KC: 4.1.1, 4.1.3, Skill: contextualization, Theme: Economic, Political, Interaction

33. All of the following explain the decline of the Islamic empires EXCEPT A) a series of weak rulers. B) cultural conservatism towards foreign inventions and knowledge. C) rising tensions between different religious groups. D) European control of trade in the Indian Ocean. E) the high cost of maintaining a military and administration.

KC: 4.3.3, Skill: Historical causation, contextualization, Theme: Political

34. In an effort to stabilize China internally the Ming emperors A) accepted the Yuan traditions which had been in place for a century. B) stressed Chinese traditions from the Tang and Song period. C) followed the more successful Indian centralization model. D) adopted the methods used by the powerful early modern European states. E) copied the centralizing techniques which had proved so successful in Japan.

KC: 4.1.1, 4.1.3, Theme: Political, Skill: contextualization

35. “The first object that saluted my eyes when I arrived on the coast was the sea, and a slave ship which was then riding at anchor and waiting for its cargo. These filled me with astonishment, which was soon converted into terror when I was carried on board. I was immediately handled and tossed up . . . by some of the crew, and I was now persuaded that I had gotten into a world of bad spirits and that they were going to kill me.”

This quote above is most likely from A) an abolitionist.B) an African.C) a freed slave.D) an autobiography.E) all of the above.

KC: 4.2.1, Skill: Quote Interpretation, causation, Theme: Interaction