Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Biology Week #13Week of: November 10th – 14th

Day Root Words In-Class Homework

11/10: Monday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture: -Organize Binder/Goals-Notes on Homeostasis-Grade Graph-Begin movie “Contagion”

11/11: Tuesday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:

-NO SCHOOL!VETERANS DAY!

11/12: Wednesday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:

- Movie “Contagion”

11/13: Thursday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Finish “Contagion”-Review how diseases and viruses spread

11/14: Friday

Word:Definition:

As in:-

Picture:-Quiz over Diseases!-Turn in week 13 packet

Need Help? Talk to me in class. I’m available during periods 4, 5 and 8. You can call me at 708-434-3616 or email clundgren@oprfhs.org Also, Mr. Hill is in the Tutoring Center before school on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Be sure to use the website

mrlscience.weebly.com

Why Should I Care About Germs?

1

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Germs are tiny organisms that can cause disease — and they're so small that they can creep into your system without you noticing. To stay healthy, it helps to give some thought to germs.

What germs do you already know about? __________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Germs Basics

The term germ is really just a generic word for four different types of organisms: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.

Bacteria are tiny, single-celled organisms that are found throughout nature, including in the bodies of human beings. A certain number of bacteria are good for our bodies — they help keep the digestive system in working order and keep harmful bacteria from moving in. Some bacteria are even used to produce medicines and vaccines.

But bacteria can cause trouble, too — ever had a urinary tract infection or strep throat? These infections are caused by bacteria.

Good Use of Bacteria in body Bad Use of Bacteria in body

Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and can't live on their own. In order to survive, grow, and reproduce, they need to be inside other living organisms. Most viruses can only live for a very short time outside other living cells. For example, they can stay on surfaces like a countertop or toilet seat in infected bodily fluids for a short period of time, but they quickly die there unless a live

2

Name: ___________________________Period: _______host comes along. But some viruses, such as the kind that cause hepatitis (an infection of the liver), can survive on surfaces for a week or longer and can still be able to cause infections.

Once they've moved into your body, viruses spread easily and can make you quite sick. Viruses are responsible for not-so-serious diseases like colds as well as extremely serious diseases like smallpox.

Viruses can also keep you sick because you cannot take medicine or antibiotics to help your body kill a virus (unlike bacteria in which you can take medicine or antibiotics to kill the bacteria). When you have a virus you just have to wait for your body to natural fight it off!

Since viruses can’t live on their own, how can they survive? _____________________

_________________________________________________________________

What is one strategy that you could use that could prevent you from picking up a virus? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Which type of germ is killed by medicine or antibiotics? _______________________

How can you kill a virus? ______________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Fungi (pronounced: FUN-jye) are multi-celled, plant-like organisms that usually aren't dangerous in a healthy person. Fungi can't produce their own food from soil, water, and air; so instead, they get nutrition from plants, food, and animals in damp, warm environments.

3

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Two common fungal infections are athlete's foot and ringworm. People who have weakened immune systems (from diseases like AIDS or cancer) may develop more serious fungal infections.

What types of infections are caused by a fungus? ___________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Protozoa (pronounced: pro-toe-ZO-uh) are one-celled organisms like bacteria. Protozoa love moisture, so intestinal infections and other diseases they cause are often spread through contaminated water.

How are protozoa spread? _____________________________________________

Once organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa invade your body, they get ready to stay for a while. These germs draw all their energy from you! They may damage or destroy some of your own healthy cells. As they use up your nutrients and energy, most will produce waste products, known as toxins.

Some toxins cause the annoying symptoms of common colds or flu-like infections, such as sniffles, sneezing, coughing, and diarrhea. But other toxins can cause high fever, increased heart rate, and even life-threatening illness.

If you're not feeling well and visit your doctor, he or she may order testing to examine your blood and other fluids under a microscope or do cultures to figure out which germs (if any) are making you sick.

What is a toxin? ____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

What are some symptoms caused by toxins? _______________________________

_________________________________________________________________

4

Name: ___________________________Period: _______How Can I Protect Myself From Germs?

The best way to prevent the infections that germs cause is by protecting yourself. Most germs are spread through the air in sneezes or coughs, or through bodily fluids like saliva, semen, vaginal fluid, or blood. If you or someone else is sick, your best bet is to limit contact with those substances.

Washing your hands often is absolutely the best way to stop germs from getting into your body. When should you wash? After using the bathroom, after blowing your nose or coughing, after touching any pets or animals, after gardening, or before and after visiting a sick relative or friend. And of course you should wash your hands before eating or cooking.

Besides the times listed above, when you should you wash your hands? _____________________________________________________________________________

There's a right way to wash hands, too — you need to soap up well using warm water and plenty of soap, then rub your hands vigorously together for 20 seconds (away from the water). Rinse your hands and finish by drying them thoroughly on a clean towel. It's a good idea to carry hand sanitizer with you for times when you are eating out or not near a sink.

If you spend any time in the kitchen, you'll have many opportunities to get rid of germs. Be sure to use proper food-handling techniques, like using separate cutting boards, utensils, and towels for preparing uncooked meat and poultry.

Another way to fight infections from germs is to make sure you have the right immunizations, especially if you'll be traveling to other countries. Getting a flu vaccination yearly is strongly recommended, unless your doctor tells you otherwise.

With a little prevention, you can keep harmful germs out of your way!

5

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Besides washing your hands, how else can you prevent germs from making you sick? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What are three things you learned about germs from reading this article?

1. ____________________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________________3. ____________________________________________________________

“Contagion” Movie Guide1. The first scene of the movie starts out on DAY 2. Why do you think this

is/predict what you think happened on DAY 1?

2. In the first scene, where is patient zero waiting? _______________________

3. Why is this location important?

4. Which organization is located in Atlanta, Georgia?_______________________

5. List 4-5 symptoms victims’ experience.

6. What was the differential diagnosis of patient zero?

6

Name: ___________________________Period: _______7. Which organization is located in Geneva, Switzerland?____________________

8. When the doctors at the CDC were talking about the outbreak in Minnesota, what did he say was the single most important objective when trying to contain an outbreak?

9. Initially, the disease was thought to be transmitted through respiratory routes and ____________________.

10. The average person touches their face _______________________ times a day.

11. For every person who gets sick, how many other people do they infect with the following diseases:

a. Flu_____b. Smallpox _______c. Polio ____________

12. The rate at which a virus multiplies depend on several factors including:

a. The ___________________ periodb. How long a person is _____________________c. How big the population of people which are susceptible

13. Why is the US Department of Homeland Security talking to the CDC about this outbreak?

14. When they sequenced the genome of the virus, some of the origins came from what animal sources?

15. The virus attaches to human respiratory/nervous cells like a “__________ slipping into a lock.”

16. What is the mortality rate of this virus at this point? ________%

17. With the meeting with the WHO, why did CDC say they cannot grow the virus in cells?

18. Why is it such a concern that the researcher was able to grow the virus in a BSL3 (Bio Safety Level 3)?

7

Name: ___________________________Period: _______

19. What is the name of the virus? _______________________

20. Where was patient zero when she spread the virus to the Ukrainian woman and Hong Kong man? _____________________

21. In 1918 _____% of the population died from the Spanish Flu. With our population today, that means that ________________ would die.

22. What effects are seen in the towns with the following places:a. Pharmacies which have supplies of Forsythia

b. Grocery stores

c. Buildings on fire

d. Banks

e. State borders

23. How are people buried when they die?

24. Who is used to test experimental vaccines? ___________________

25. How long will it take to manufacture and distribute a vaccine to the world? ___________

26. How did the government start the distribution of the vaccine to citizens in the US?

27. What type of vaccine is it if it is administered through the nose?

28. Explain the source, transmission, and epidemiology of the outbreak and transmission to patient zero.

Ebola8

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Problem: Before reading tell me what you already know about Ebola.

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Now read the following article on Ebola and answer the questions that

follow.

Answers About EbolaAUGUST 13, 2014By Nicoletta Richardson with TIME and AP Reporting

You may have heard a lot about Ebola lately. A new outbreak of this disease has spread through the West African countries of Liberia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, and, most recently, Nigeria. Researchers think this outbreak began in December 2013. Since then, nearly 2,000 people have become infected with the Ebola virus, and more than 1,000 have died from it. Scientists and doctors are working to stop its spread, and to care for the people who are infected.

This article was written in early August, therefore the number of people infected and who have died from Ebola has drastically changed. Use the Internet and find out as of the beginning of November,

How many people in the world are infected with Ebola? ___________________

How many people in the world have died from Ebola? ____________________

How many people in the US are infected with Ebola? ____________________

How many people in the US have died from Ebola? ______________________

In late July, two American aid workers in West Africa became infected with Ebola. They were brought back to the United States for treatment. Many Americans are wondering if the virus could become a problem here. Experts say there is no need to worry. Read on to find out why, and to learn the answers to some other common questions about Ebola. 

9

Name: ___________________________Period: _______What is Ebola?

Ebola, or Ebola hemorrhagic fever (Ebola HF), is a contagious and life-threatening disease. It affects humans and other primates, including monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees. Ebola gets its name from the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The disease was first reported in a village on the river in 1976.

Where did Ebola get its name from? _____________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

What other animals can get ebola? ______________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

What are the symptoms of Ebola?

The early symptoms include fever, headache, joint and muscle aches, weakness, chills, difficulty breathing, and a sore throat. As the disease becomes worse, diarrhea, vomiting, and bleeding inside and outside of the body may start to occur. The first signs of infection can appear anywhere from 2 to 21 days after exposure to the virus.

How does Ebola spread?

Experts are not sure how an Ebola outbreak starts. The virus spreads from direct contact with bodily fluids—including blood, saliva, sweat, and urine—of infected people and animals. Animals in Africa believed to carry Ebola include other primates, fruit bats, porcupines, and forest antelope.

Doctors and nurses are at a high risk of infection because they come into physical contact with Ebola patients. Also, family members who care for infected relatives are more likely to catch the disease, especially if they don’t wear proper protective equipment, such as gloves and masks.  

What are some symptoms of Ebola? ______________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

10

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Could you get Ebola from breathing the same air as someone with Ebola? Explain. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What are three things you can do to protect yourself from getting Ebola? _________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Can Ebola be treated?

Yes. Most people who become infected with Ebola need special care in a hospital. Treatment includes making sure they get plenty of liquids and oxygen, keeping their blood pressure steady, and addressing symptoms and complications as they come up. Patients also need to be kept from the public to help prevent the disease from spreading.

There is no cure for Ebola, but doctors are working on a vaccine to prevent it. Some experimental drugs have been developed to treat the disease. They have been effective in animals, but have not yet been approved for testing on humans.

Can Ebola be treated? ________ How? ___________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Is there a cure for Ebola? _____ Is there an approved Ebola vaccine for humans? ___

Are we safe in the United States?

Yes. There have been no reported cases of Ebola spreading to the U.S. The two American aid workers who recently became infected with Ebola in West Africa were flown back to the U.S. and hospitalized immediately. While Ebola is contagious, it is not as contagious as the flu. Special medical planes and vehicles were used to transport the infected patients to prevent the disease from spreading.

11

Name: ___________________________Period: _______Can the Ebola outbreak be stopped?

Yes. Experts know how to control Ebola. They are now working to stop the outbreak in West Africa, which is the best way to protect people in the U.S. and around the world. Once Ebola is brought under control in the infected countries, there will be no new cases and the virus will stop spreading. However, experts are unsure of how long it will take to end the current Ebola outbreak.

How is the U.S. helping?

Disease specialists have been sent to West Africa by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to help slow the spread of Ebola.

What is something new you learned about Ebola from this article? _______________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What can you do to prevent the transmission of Ebola? _______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Are you afraid of getting Ebola, why or why not? ____________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

InfographicsAn infographic is a visual image such as a chart or diagram used to represent information or data. Below is an infographic about infographics. Read through the infographic and answer the following questions.

12

Name: ___________________________Period: _______

Is the infographic easy to follow and read? ____________________

Is the infographic interesting to look at? ___________________

What are the three parts of an infographic? _______________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Why would someone use an infographic, instead of just reading an article? _________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Below is an infographic about Ebola. Read it and answer the following questions.

13

Name: ___________________________Period: _______

According to the infographic, how is Ebola transferred? ______________________

________________________________________________________________

What is the total number of deaths in Sierra Leone? _________________________

Early symptoms are similar to what other disease? ___________________________

What is the probable origin of the virus? __________________________________

What is the name of the American who died from Ebola? ______________________

Where did the information come from in this infographic? _____________________

_________________________________________________________________

Below is another infographic about Ebola. Read it and answer the following questions.

14

Name: ___________________________Period: _______

What are three reasons why this infographic is not as helpful as the infographic on the previous page? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

What three pieces of advice would you give someone making an infographic about a disease? __________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

15