I. BAB I (NARRATIVE) Speaking

A. Compliment, Congratulation, and Gratitude

You often compliment and congratulate others many ways. When they do the same to you, you also respond to them. Following are some ways to express compliment and congratulation, gratitude and the respones.

Number Expression Functions

1.

Congratulations on winning ...I think you’re very talented .Well done .You’re wonderfu on ...I must congratulate you on your ...

Congratulating

2.

What a.... !That’s a very nice ...I like your ...You’re looking good !You’re great !

Complimenting

3.

Thanks .You’ve made my day .Oh, not really .It’s nice of you to say so .How kind of you to say so .

Responding to compliments and congratulations

4.Thank you .Thanks for everything .Thanks for do it .

Gratituding

5.That’s OK .Don’t mention it .It was nothing .You’re welcome .

Responding to gratitude

B. Likes and DislikesDuring the course of many conversations discussing you likes and

dislikes may come up with someone you don’t know well but you want to find out that, there are several expression that can be used to ask things. Examples to expressions likes and dislikes and the respons :

1

Expressions ResponseDo you like (..football) ? Yes, I love them .

No, not really .What do you think of (..cheese)?

I can’t eat it .It’s so delicious .

Which do you prefer (...reading comic or reading novel) ?

I prefer reading comic .Actually, I don’t like either, I prefer... (adventuring)

What is your favorite (...cartoon) ?

My favorite cartoon is Doraemon .

How do you like about (..basketball) ?

I think it’s a boring game .I’m crazy about watching it, and I happy if I can play it !

C. Direct and Indirect SpeechDirect Speech Indirect Speech

Present Continous TenseS + is/am/are + V + ingShe had said “Ellin is waiting for you”

Past Continous TenseS + was/were + V + ingShe had said that Ellin was waiting for me.

Simple Present TenseS + V1Ryan said “I help my father after school”

Simple Past TenseS + V2Ryan said that he helped his father after school.

Simple Past TenseS + V2They said “We studied english yesterday”

Past Perfect TenseS + had + V3They said that they had studied the day before.

Pressent Perfect TenseS + has/have + V3He had said “My sister has played doll”

Past Perfect TenseS + had + V3He said that his sister had played doll.

Simple Future TenseS + will + V1Aya said “I will be a teacher next year”

Past Future TenseS + would + V1Aya said that she would be a teacher the following year.

Future Past TenseS + should/would + V1Arie said “I would walk if I were you”.

Past Future PerfectS + should/would +V3Arie said that he would have walked if he had been me”.

Modals CanMayMustNextToday...agoTonight

Modals CouldMightHad toFollowingThat day...beforeThat night

2

YesterdayTomorrow

The day beforeThe next day

Reading

A. Narrative TextA narative text is a text that entertains and

intructs the readers. It entertains because it deals with the unusual and unexpected development of events. It intructs because it teaches readers that problems should be confronted,and attempts made to resolve them.

Purpose : to amuse or entertain the reader with actual / imaginary exprience in difference ways. Narrative always deal with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the probem.

Text Organization :Orientation : who were involved in the story, when and where (beginning).Evaluation : a stepping back to evalute the flight.Complication : a problem arises followed by other problems (middle).Resolution : solution to the problem (ending).Re-orientation : optional.

Languange Features :The use of noun phrases.The use of connectives (first, second, then ...)The use of adverbs phrases of time and place (in the..., at...)The use of simple past tense (S + V2)The use of action verb (run, drink, ...)The use of saying verb (say, tell, ...)The use of thingking verb, feeling verbof series.

3

Example Narrative Text :

Rabbit and Bear

Once upon a time, there lived as neighbours, a bear and a rabbit. The rabbit is a good shot. In contrary, the bear is always clumsy ad could not use the arrow to good advantage.

One day, the bear called over the rabbit and asked the rabbit to take his bow and arrows and came with bear to the other side of the hill. The rabbit was fearing to arouse the bear's anger so he could not refuse it. He consented and went with the bear and shot enough buffalo to satisfy the hungry family. Indeed he shot and killed so many that there was lots of meat left after the bear and his family had loaded themselves and packed all they could carry home.

The bear was very gluttonous and did not want the rabbit to get any of the meat. Th e rabbit could not even taste the blood from the butchering as the bear would throw earth on the blood and dry it up. The poor rabbit would have to go home hungry after his hard day's work.

The bear was the father of five children. The youngest child was very kind to the rabbit. He was very hearty eater. The mother bear always gave him an extra large piece of meat but the youngest child did not eat it. He would take it outside with him and pretended to play ball with the meat. He kicked toward the rabbit's house and when he got close to the door he would give the meat with such a great kick. The meat would fly into the rabbit's house. In this way, the poor rabbit would get his meal unknown to the papa bear.

4

Writing

A. AdvertisementAdvertisement is announcement which tries to make sure that

people know that something is forsale, that something is going to happen, that a show is on. Advertisement is commonly abbreviated as “ad”.

Example :

B. Past Simple TenseOne of significant lexico grammatical features in wrting a narrative

is using the past tense. We also use the Past Simple Tense to talk about :

Single events in the pastEx : a.He met her yesterday.

b. They went to Bandung in 2010Repeated events in the past

5

Ex : a. We went to school everyday except at Sunday.Past statesEx : a. When I was a child, I lived in Sidoarjo.Positive and negative forms

IYou LikedHe Didn’t like The Japanese foodShe SawWe Didn’t see Conan Movie

They

Wh-Question

YouWhen did They Leave school ?

HeShe

Yes / no questionExample :a. at 9 o’clock

b. on Monday c. in April

Short AnswerExample : a. Yesterday

b. ago c. Last (next, week, years, etc)

- We leave Surakarta at 11 p.m on Monday.Directions and instructions :- You take the P2 to Bandung.

We often use present tenses and connectors showing sequence in a simiar ways to give instructions, demontrations, and directions. (procedural text)First, I put an once of butter into a frying pen and light the gas ; then while the butter,s melting, I break three eggs into a bowl ...

First and then are connectorsof sequence that we use to show he structure of what we are saying. Another example of connectors are next, last, finally, first(ly), second(ly), third(ly).

A. Reflexive PronounHere are the reflexive pronoun types and function :a. There are two types of reflexive pronoun :

Singular : myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself. Plural : ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

6

C. Reflexive pronoun can be used to emphasize the person or thing you Simple Sentence (Transitive and Intransitive)

When the predicate is followed by an object is called transitive. Predicate that is followed by noun, an adjective, and an adverb it is call intransitive. Example :

a) You have doraemon comics.(transitive)b) I enjoyed playing kite. (transitive)c) My sister is working. (intransitive)d) Duck can swimm. (intransitive)

D. AdverbsPhrase and Adverb ClausePrepositions begin most adverbs, such as to, in, at, out, of, on, for,

until, etc. Dverb can take the form of phrase or clause with conjuction, as, before, although, etc.

a. Adverb phrase to go to Bali. He play basket ball in the school yard. Rahma go to school at 9 o’clock.

b. Adverb clause Although this morning, Rani go to school. Before we go to school, we always breakfast.

E. Action WordsWhen we looked at the languange features of narrtives, we saw that

action words arre used to describe what is happening. Action words are called “verbs”. By using the right verb, the narrator can give the audience a better description of the action. Compare the following :

She moved sideways She darted sideways He ate his lunch quickly He gobbled his lunch He said quietly He whispered

Here is a list of verbs that give the audience a better description of the action.

a. Raced f. Comandedb. Deposited g. Ponderedc. Loitered h. Lecturedd. Chuckled i. Trudgede. Collapsed j. Was flogged

II. BAB II (DESCRIPTIVE)

Speaking

A. Expressing and Asking about Surprise or Amazement

7

When we see surprise or amazement something, we usually expressing that, and we also asking the surprise or amazement that when we don’t understand.

Asking Surprise or Amazement

Expressing Surprise or Amazement

Do you know what ? Incredible !Is this a surprise/amazing?

What a surprise !

Can you believe it ? Amazing !Isn’t this incredible ? Oh ! wow !What’s so surprising ? Huh ?? What ??What’s so surprising ? I’m really surprise/amazed

at Are you amazed ? That’s unbelieveable ! Etc

Reading

A. Descriptive text Purpose : to describe a paricular person, place, or thing. Text organization :

Identification : identifies phenomenon to be decribed (mention the special participant)Description : describes parts, qualities, characteristics

Languange features :The use of adjectives and compound adjectives.The use of relating verb.The use of siple present tense.The use of degree of comparison.The use of attributive and identifying process.Focus on specifies participans

Example Descriptive Text :

The ElephantThe African Elephant is described as the Loxodonta africana of

Africa. They are very large, grey, four-legged herbivorous mammals. They have almost hairless skin, a distinctive long,

8

flexible, prehensile trunk. Its upper incisors form long curved tusks of ivory. African elephants have large fan-shaped ears and two “fingers” at the tip of its trunk, compared to only one in the Asian species. Furthermore, the Indian Elephant is described as Elephas maximus of south-central Asia. The ears of Indian elephants are significantly smaller than African elephants.

Elephants are herbivores and eat all types of vegetation such as grasses, leaves, fruits, and bark. The facts tell that despite the size of ears the elephant’s hearing is poor, because elephants ears are used to aid ventilation. One of the softest parts of their body is at the back of the ears, which is called the knuckle. In a zoo, elephant trainers, called Mahouts, use their feet to steer or give commands to the animal via the knuckle at the back of the ears. 

Some other facts about the elephants are : The elephant is the largest of all land mammals; Life Span - elephants can live for up to 70 years; Elephants normally walk about 4 mph; Elephants are able to swim for long distances; Elephants spend about 16 hours a day eating; They consume as much as 495 pounds of food per day; They live in tight social units led by an older matriarch; Males leave the herd between the ages of 12 and 15; Their tusks are of ivory and are actually enormously enlarged incisors; The elephant's eyes are small and its eyesight is poor, They have the largest brains in the animal kingdom.

9

Writing

B. Personal LetterExample ;

C. The Simple Present TenseWe use the present simple to tak about :

Personal information :- I school in SMAN 1 Waru.General statements of truth :- The sunset in the west.

10

Permanent situation :- Water boils at 1000 Celsius.Routines and habits :- My family usually visit my grand mother at feast day.Fixed times and schedules :- Spongebob movie starts at seven o’clock.

b. Details of fixed future plans :are talking about. Ex : The tower itself is very tall, but very clean. I myself have never traveled to Semarang.

c. We can also use reflexive pronoun to emphasize that something was done without help from anybody else.

Nesya wrote the novel herself. He plans with the car himself.

d. We can use by + reflexive pronoun to show that somebody is on their own (alone).

The cat found its way home by itself. My aunt, although she is rather rich prefers to live by herself.

D. Describing ThingsWhen describing the things we see, we wil see descriptive

adjectives. We use them to describe condition of a noun. The usually, come before the nouns or after certain verb. Let’s have a ook at the folowing table.

Description

Size Age Temperature

Shape

Colour

Classifying

Head/noun

a.Excellent

Huge

Young

English Student

b.Beatiful

Tall New Hot Circular

Red Javanese

Apple

c. Expensive

Big Old Cold Mountain

River

E.Phrase FormationThere are four kinds of phrases to be functioned in the sentence.

1) Noun phrase is a phrase with a noun as the head, added with some adjectives as the modifiers. Example :

Long snake. Cold weather. Short hair.

2) Verb phrase is a phrase with a verb as a head, added with one or two words as the modifiers. Example :

Is not painted.

11

Really like. Is located.

3) Adverbial phrase is a phrase with preposition as the head, which is then followed by another phrase showing place, time, purpose, etc. Example :

To hear the sound of the following water. About 30 kilometers east of the villa . Down to small lake.

4) Adjective phrase is a phrase with adjective as the head, functioning to complete the predicate that takes the form of “be”. Example :

Always diligent. Always nice. Very good for health

III. BAB III (NEWS ITEM)

Speaking

A. Inviting someone to come your house for ...(informal)

Wanna come over for party tonight? Wanna pop over for a quick party?How about coming over for party tonight?Care to come over for party tonigh ?

B. Inviting someone to come your house for ...(formal)

Would you like to come over for party tonight?Would you care to join us for party at our house tonight?I was just wondering if you would like to come over for party tonight.Please come over for party tonight.We’d be delighted to have you over for party tonight.

C.Accepting an Invitation (informal)Sure. What time?Why not? When do you want me to be there?Sure. When should I be there?Yes! Want me to bring something?I’d love to. I’ll bring dessert.

12

D.Accepting an Invitation (more formal)Thank you! I’d love to. Would you like me to bring anything?Thank you very much! I’d be delighted to. What time should I be there?Oh, certainly1! Thankl you. Do I need to bring anything?

E. Declining an Invitation (informal)I can’t. I have to work.Tonight’s no good. I have an appointment.I’m busy tonight. Can I take a raincheck on that?(*raincheck : if someone invites you to dinner on a night that you are busy, you can say, “can I take a raincheck?” this means that you hope they will invite you again on another night.)

F. Declining an Invitation (more formal)I’d love to., but I’m afraid I’m busy tonight.I’d love to, but I already have plans tonight.

Reading

A. News Item Purpose : to inform readers, listenes, or viewers about events

of the day which are considered news worthy or important. Text Organization :

News worthy Events : tells the events in a summary form.Background Events : elaborate what happened, explains, what caused the incident.Sources : comments by participant in, witnesses to and authories expert on the event.

Languange Features :The use of action verbs.The use of saying verbs.The use of passive sentences.The use of adverbs in passive sentences.Focus on circumstance.Short, telegraphic, information about story captured in headine.Use of material processes to retell the event.

Example News Item :

13

News ItemAceh – Hundreds of homes in the three sub-districts in North Aceh district, Aceh (NAD) is currently flooded. However, until now residents are not displaced, still survive.

Floods were caused by high rainfall in inland areas and the overflow of Krueng Keurutoe Gayo, Thursday (04/19/2012) afternoon until evening.

Gather information on the AFP, flooded hundreds of homes that were located in three districts in North Aceh, the district that includes the village of Tanjong Matangkuli, Meuria, West Tempok, Alue Thoe, Lawang, and Hagu village. Alue Thoe.While the district Pirak Timu, floods hit the village of Tanjong Serkuy, Meunasah Krueng, Rayek Pange, Pange, Bungong, Gelumpang, and Hasan Krung Kreh.While in the District Lhoksukon, floods inundate the fish market complex and several houses in the village of Kampung Baru and Dayah. PMI branch chairman, Usmanur, admitted that the three districts is a subscription area flood victims. “Until this evening the water level remained 50 cm, but if it rains in the mountainous highlands, water will continue to grow, residents likely to be displaced,” said Usmanur when hubunggi AFP.

Menuru Usmanur, floods also inundated some schools have an impact, such as in MTsN Matang Kuli. But flooding is not to interfere with the teaching and learning. “The flood is merely the school yard and have not entered into the study,” said Usmanur.

Citizens expect the government to take immediate North Aceh dam to flood the end of the year when the rainy season. Until tonight, people still continue to keep vigil at his house each follow-up to the threat of flooding that may occur in the region.

Writing

A. Invitation LetterHere are writing plan for invitation letter :

Greeting :- Dear ....Opening paragraph (say why you are writing)Main part (describe what you are going to do)Closing paragraph (restate your invitation and ask for reply)

14

Signature endings :- Best,- Love,- All my love,- Best wishes,

Example Invitation letter :

Dear Rismada,Hi my best friend, what are you doing right now ? Keep

busy, right ? I write the letter because i miss you so much friend and i want invite you to come in my house at 1st June.

Hm, i want visit to your house friend at long holiday. I want know your new house and i want also meet your friend. But, before i want invite you to my house at 1st June. Can you remember it ? i hope you remember. Come in my house at 7p.m. i hope you can come. And you can meet Amaliya, Cristiani, and friends at junior high school.

I hope you can reply friend, i always wait your reply.....Best,Yayuk sayyidatul H

B. Adjective ClauseAn adjective clause modifies a noun. It describes or gives information about a noun WHO refers to a person. Ex :

The girl is my sister.She is talking with Rianty.

- The girl who is talking with Riyanty is my sister.WHOM is used as the direct or indirect object of a verb. Ex :

The man is very famous actor.You have just helped me.

- The man whom you have just helped me is very famous actor.

WHICH refers to thing. Ex : The box was very beautiful.

She put in the crown.- The box which she put in the crown was very beautiful.

WHOSE shows possessions. Ex : I know the girl.

15

His sister is a singer.- I know the boy whose sister is a singer.

C. Present Perfect Continous TenseWe form the present perfect continous tense with have (has) been and the present participle of the main verb.

S + has / have been + V.ingExamples :

Singular subject I have been studying. You have been playing. He has been sleeping. She has been reading magazine. It has been working.

Plural subject We have been waiting. You have been listening. They have been wandering.The present perfect continous tense describe an action that began

in the past and has continued up the present. In many cases it can be used interchangeably with the present perfect tense. Beside, both of them use time marker since and for. Examples :

They have been living here for five years (present perfect continous tense)

They have lived here for five years (present perfect tense)

I have been studying english since three years ago (present perfect continous tense)

I have studied english since three years ago (present perfect tense)

Some form of present perfect continous tense :Positive sentence (+) Ristyan has been studying for three hours.Negative sentence (-) Ristyan has not been studying for three hours.Interrogative sentence(?) Has Ristyan been studying for three hours ?If we want to know the duration of the activity, we can use the following form :

How long + have/has + been + V.ingExample :

- We have been talking for more than an hour.- We have not been talking for more than an hour.- Have we been talking for more than an hour ?

16

17