Science 24 – Energy Conversion in Nature

WHERE DOES THE SUGAR COME FROM?________________________________________________________

Photosynthesis is the reaction that occurs when plants create sugar and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. This reaction is (write a balanced reaction and what parts of the plant are used):

What parts of the plants are used in photosynthesis?

Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain why

Where does this reaction happen? -___________________________________________

Contain green photoreceptor pigment, _________________________________. Found in the leaves and stems. The site of photosynthesis

How does the cell use the sugar? ·_____________________________________

·For energy that cells can use to function·Energy released by ·_____________________________________

·Occurs in ·_____________________________________

Cellular Respiration Reaction:

What kind of reaction is cellular respiration?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy ATP

Compare and Contrast Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Think About it:What would happen if plant cells would not have cellular respiration?

What happens when there isn’t sunlight for the plants to use?

1. Fill in the blanks on the diagram below using the following terms. You may need to use some terms more than once.

photosynthesis carbon dioxide oxygen

water sugar source of energy

Process:Process:

2. The chemical equation for respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy ATP (energy storage molecule)

Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.

3. Do photosynthesis and respiration occur at the same time or at different times?

4. Circle either “production” or “loss” to make each statement correct.

(a) During photosynthesis plant cells have a net production/loss of oxygen and a net production/loss of carbon dioxide.

(b) During respiration plant cells have a net production/loss of oxygen and a net production/loss of carbon dioxide.

Can Respiration occur without oxygen? What is it called?

What are the products?

List examples of anaerobic respiration and what the products are

Energy Transfers in Nature:How is the energy converted in plants?

How is the energy converted in animals?

Let’s Compare Cellular Respiration to Combustion. What is similar in these reactions?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy ATP – Cellular Respiration

How is energy converted from plants to animals? The ecological pyramid.https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5w6k5GgZZEiODYyWXBTa0xjWFk/edit?usp=sharinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCHdhXMFhcU http://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/a687-flow-of-energy-through-an-ecosystem

Describe the Energy Transfer found from Animals to Plants

How efficient is the energy transfer

Think about it – Is there a way that the energy transfer could be more efficient?

Humans and Energy TransferWhat is Homeostasis

Explain what metabolism is

How do we increase or decrease our metabolism?

What does it mean if a person is said to have a high metabolism?

Think about it – Why is our body temperature consitantly around 37°C?

Daily Temperature Changes look at page 124

Graph the information found on the page, follow the information found in step 1 of what to do

Analysis:

At which hour(s) does the lowest body temperature occur? When during the day is this?

Examine your graph. At which times does this person do rigorous physical activity?

Is there a relationship between normal eating times and temperature? What do you think is accountable for the changes?

How do homeostasis and metabolism work together to keep an organism alive

How do animals, like cats, stay warm in cooler temperatures?

Daily Temperature Changes Graph

Food & Food MoleculesAll of the energy we use in a day must come from our food. From the point of view of energy, the bulk of our food falls into categories: protein, carbohydrates, and fats.

Protein

Carbohydrates

Fats

Carbohydrates Turn to page 125 of the textbook and read the introductory paragraphs of "Sources of Energy."

1. What percentage of your diet do health experts recommend be carbohydrates?

2. Which simple carbohydrate is the main source of energy for the human body?

3. What is the glucose your body does not immediately need converted into?

Fat Read "Fat: There When You Need It" on page 126 of the textbook.

4. Why do people need body fat?

5. What are the two categories of fat people eat? Name the main source of each category.

6. Which contains more energy ½ a gram of fat or a gram of carbohydrates? How many times more?

Protein Read "Protein: The Last Choice" on page 127 of the textbook.

7. When does your body make use of protein as an energy source?

8. What are the main sources of dietary protein?

9. Some people go on extreme diets to lose weight. Why are extreme diets dangerous?

Energy found in Foods: The Calories

What is a calorie?

How Many Calories are found in the following:

Protein =

Carbohydrates =

Fats =

Example

A 30-g serving of shredded wheat contains 3.5 g of protein, 0.7 g of fat, and 24 g of carbohydrates. About how many calories are there in a serving of shredded wheat?

Solution

Write down what you know.

calories = ?carbohydrates = 24 gfats = 0.7 gprotein = 3.5 g

Use the formula.

Calories = 4(carb grams)+ 9(fat grams) + 4(protein grams)

There are about 116 kcal in a serving of shredded wheat.

WAFER BAR

Source of Energy

16-g Serving (g)

Per 10 g (g)

Calculate the Calories found in each of the foods.

carbohydrates

10 6.25

fat 4.3 2.69

protein 1.2 0.75

POTATO CHIPS

Source of Energy

16-g Serving (g)

Per 10 g (g)

carbohydrates 15 5.36

fat 10 3.57

protein 1.7 0.61

MIXED NUTS

Source of Energy

16-g Serving (g) Per 10 g (g)

carbohydrates 5.7 1.90

fat 15 5.00

protein 7.8 2.6

What Affects Metabolism?

Turn to page 130 of the textbook and read the introductory information of "Human Energy Needs Change."

1. How does a developing fetus get nutrition?

2. Why are breast-fed babies less likely to get sick?

3. What is meant by metabolic needs?

4. Why do young people require large amounts of energy during puberty?

5. Why do breast-feeding mothers have a high metabolism? 

Read "What Affects Metabolism?" on page 131 of the textbook.

6. List the factors that affect metabolism.

7. List two ways to avoid gaining unnecessary weight