€¦ · web viewpart 1ai of this question required candidates to list important considerations...

1. Product ‘Life Cycle Analysis’ (LCA) is an important consideration for designers.

Complete the table below by adding the LCA considerations in the correct order.

One has been done for you. Selection of raw material Recycling of materials

Ease of disassembly Energy use during operation

1

2 Energy used in manufacturing

3

4

5

[4]

2. A headphone manufacturer wants to introduce a new pair of headphones into its product range.Fig. 1 shows an example pair of headphones.

Fig. 1

© OCR 2017. You may photocopy this page. of 46 Created in ExamBuilder

Shown below are five client requirements.

Join each client requirement to the correct suggested product feature.

One has been done for you.

[4]

3. Legislation and safety are important considerations when designing new products.

i. The table below shows a range of signs and symbols commonly seen on products.

Complete the table by stating what each symbol indicates.


Symbol The symbol indicates:

1

2 That products have been tested and are deemed safe to use.

3


4

5

iii.

iv. Give one reason, other than safety, why signs and symbols are applied to products.

[1]

4. Fig. 1 shows some children’s plastic building blocks.

Fig. 1

Give two safety factors that should be considered when designing the children’s building blocks.

1 2

[2]

5.

Give two reasons why designers must consider safety regulations when designing new products.


[2]

6. Describe how ease of disassembly can contribute to sustainable design.

[3]

7. Fig. 5 shows some common standard components.

Fig. 5

Give two benefits to a manufacturer of using standard components in their range of products.

[2]

8.

Familiar iconic products, such as the Mini Cooper and Lego are often modernised and updated by designers.

Give two reasons why designers choose to base new ideas on previously successful products.1


2

[2]

9. A headphone manufacturer wants to introduce a new pair of headphones into its product range.Fig. 1 shows an example pair of headphones.

Fig. 1

State two methods of research that the headphone manufacturer could use to identify the needs of the target market.1

2

[2]

10. Fig. 3 shows a one piece moulded plastic school chair.


Fig. 3

Describe the product lifecycle considerations that have influenced the design of the school chair.

[2]

11. Explain why high volume production is used in the manufacture of plastic products.

[2]

12. Give two methods a designer could use to identify the needs of the market.1

2

[2]

13. Fig. 3 shows a plastic ice cube tray.


Fig. 3

Testing takes place during the validate phase of the design cycle.

i. State two ways that a designer could test the ice cube tray.

1

iii.

2

v.

vi. Explain why testing is important when developing a new product.

[3]

14. Fig. 2 shows a bicycle.


Fig. 2

Describe how the bicycle design could be influenced by ergonomics.

[2]

15(a). i. Draw the symbol for the ‘European Conformity’ mark below.

ii. State two other examples of symbols that may be included on a product.

1 2

(b). Explain the difference between a registered design and a patent.


[3]

16. Scale of production can have an impact on the design of new products.

i. State two different scales of production.

1 2

ii. Give two reasons why the scale of production should be considered during the design phase.

1 2

17(a). Give two product requirements that should be included in a design specification for the scissors shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 11 2

[2]


(b). Fig. 3 shows two symbols.

Fig. 3

State the names of these two symbols.

Symbol 1

Symbol 2

[2]

18. Shown below are three scales of production.

Join each scale of production to the example given.



[2]

19. Fig. 1 shows an example of a computer mouse.

Fig. 1

Shown below are four user needs.

Join each user need with the correct suggested product feature.



[3]

20(a). Fig. 2 shows a modern multi gym.

Fig. 2

Give four ways in which the design of the multi gym could ensure that it is suitable for a wide range of users.

1 2 3 4

[4]


(b). Describe one benefit to the manufacturer of making the multi gym suitable for a range of users.

[2]

21. Fig. 3 shows an electric fan heater.

Fig. 3

Describe how each of the following could influence the design of an electric fan heater.

i. appearance

[2]

ii. ergonomics


[2]

iii. life cycle

[2]

22(a). Describe why designers consider the ease of assembly when designing products.

[2]

(b). Explain why product parts that were traditionally made of metal are now often made of plastics.

[2]


23. Give one example of each of the following materials and explain how they can benefit the design and use of a product:• modern materials• sustainable materials

modern materials

[3]

sustainable materials

[3]

24. Fig. 2 shows an electric toothbrush.

Fig. 2

One design specification point for the electric toothbrush would be that it must be


comfortable to hold when in use.

i. Identify two further design specification points for the electric toothbrush.

1

iii.

2

v.

vi. Explain how your design specification points could influence the design of an electric toothbrush.

Specification point 1

x.

Specification point 2

25.

Standard components are commonly used in engineered products.

i. Give two examples of standard components.

1

iii.

2iv.

v.

vi. Explain how the use of standard components can reduce production costs.


[2]

26. Explain why it is important for manufacturers to make sure products are safe before being put on sale.

[3]

27. Error proofing can be used to optimise designs.

Explain what is meant by the term ‘error proofing’.

[2]

28. Fig. 2 shows two mobile phones. You have been asked for advice on design by the manufacturer of phone A.


Fig. 2

i. Give two strengths of the design of phone A compared with phone B.

Strength 1 Strength 2

v.

vi. Give two ergonomic requirements that must be considered when designing a mobile phone.

[2]

29. Fig. 3 shows a microwave oven.


Fig. 3

Explain how each of the following would have to be considered when designing a microwave oven.

i. Size

[2]

ii. Life cycle

[2]

iii. Working environment


[2]

30.

* Discuss the effect of cultural and fashion trends on the aesthetic design of new products.

[6]


31. Explain why designers may validate a design before final production commences.

[3]

32. Fig. 2 shows the British Standard Kitemark™.

Fig. 2

Explain what the British Standard Kitemark™ means when displayed on a product.

[2]

33. Fig. 6 shows a remote control.


Fig. 6

Give two ergonomic user needs that would be considered during the design of a remote control.

1 2

[2]

34.

Describe, using an example, the impact of sustainable design on the development of new products.

[3]

35.

Name the four phases of the design cycle in the correct order.1 2 3 4


[4]

36(a). Manufacturers consider ease of manufacture when designing new products or components.

The table below shows a range of products and the manufacturing processes used.

Complete the table by adding the most relevant statement given below about ease of manufacture. Allows the use of pre-manufactured and standard components Allows for cost effective metal component production Can create one-off components rapidly Creates high volume, complex plastic parts in a single processOne has been done for you.

Example product Manufacturing process Ease of manufacture

1Plastic school chair

Injection moulding

2 CNC machined bearing housing

Machining Creates very accurate parts with a high surface finish

3Automotive assembly line

Final assembly on production

line

4Cast pump housing

Sand casting

5 Prototype prosthetic hand 3D printing

[4]


(b). Name one manufacturing process, other than those given in part (a), that could be used to produce a product.

[1]

END OF QUESTION paper


Mark schemeQuest

ionAnswer/Indicative content

Ma

rksGuidance

1

One mark for each product sustainable design consideration

listed in the correct order

1 Selection of raw material

2 Energy used in manufacturing

3 Energy use during operation

4 Ease of disassembly

5 Recycling of materials

4

Examiner’s Comments

Part 1ai of this question required candidates to list important considerations of

a product ‘Life Cycle Analysis’ (LCA) in order. On the whole, the question was

answered well with a large majority of candidates achieving full marks. Where

candidates have failed to achieve full marks they had clearly not covered LCA

in detail or had simply not given due care and attention to the options given

and their logical order of consideration.

Total 4

2

One mark for each correctly joined client requirement with

suggested product feature

4

No marks for more than one line to one product feature


Part a of this question requires candidates to join client requirements to

product features for a pair of headphones. On the whole candidates

answered this question successfully but as per previous sessions it is

advised that candidates spend time carefully looking at the criteria before

joining the options together. Some candidates appear to have made

decisions on their selections very quickly which resulted in lots of lines drawn

on the question, making the identification of marks difficult, or resulting in

mistakes being made and marks being lost. In general however, the question

was answered well.

Total 4


3 i

One mark for each correct statement given in the table.

Symbol The symbol indicates:

1That a product is made

from recyclable material

2

That a product has been tested and

proven to meet the recognised industry

standard and is safe to use.

3That a product is not suitable for children

under 3 years.

4“Conformité

Européene” – European Conformity

mark

5That a product is or

may contain material that is flammable.

4

Do not award symbol 2 as this is given in the question.

Accept reference to ‘European Standard) for answers related to the CE mark.


Part ai of this question required candidates to identify common symbols that

would appear on products. On the whole, the question was answered well

with a large majority of candidates achieving full marks. Where candidates

have failed to achieve full marks they did not know the CE mark.

i

i

One mark awarded for a valid reason.

show the consumer that the product is fit for purpose

/ been approved / is to standard (1)

show the consumer that the product has been

appropriately tested (1)

show the consumer that the product meets all

appropriate regulation (1)

alert the consumer to any potential hazards

associated with the product (1)

can inform the consumer about care, storage,

maintenance and safe disposal of product (1)

1


In part aii, candidates were required to give one reason, other than safety,

why signs and symbols are applied to products. This was generally answered

well with most candidates able to give suitable reasons for adding symbols to

products. In some cases however, candidates may not have paid full attention

to the question and gave responses related to safety.

Total 5

4 One mark for each valid factor up to a maximum of two:

Blocks should be big enough to avoid choking (1)

Blocks should not have sharp edges (1)

Blocks should be strong enough not to break when

used and create sharp edges (1)

2


Question number 3a required candidates to give two safety factors that

should be considered when designing children’s building blocks. Overall, this


They must be made from a non-toxic material (1)

Should not be coated in any toxic materials (1)

question was answered well with the vast majority of candidates having a

good understanding of safety within the development of child’s toys which,

was generally applicable to this question. However, in addition to this,

candidates on the whole, were able to give responses that were specific to

the building blocks with some consideration of how they will be used and the

manufacturing process that has created them.

Total 2

5

One mark for each valid reason.

The design of new products must consider any breaches in

current regulations (1), designs could face financial penalties

(1) and be banned from further production (1) or pay royalties

(1)

Some products need to pass safety tests before they can be

sold (1),

(Producing/selling unsafe products) can damage a company or

designers reputation (1)

The designer/company could face legal action, unsafe designs

could face financial penalties (1) designs could be banned

from further production (1)

(2×1)

2

Total 2

6

Up to three marks for a description e.g.

Materials can be separated for recycling

Parts that fail can be removed and replaced

Less waste overall

Allows for re-use of parts

Use less energy to disassemble / process

Could lead to a reduction in the number of

components

within the product

Reduces process time at the end of life

Regular maintenance could improve life span

3

Accept any valid alternative answers.


In part c of question 1, design for disassembly had to be considered with

candidates asked how the ease of disassembly can contribute to sustainable

design. Many candidates focused on the requirement for maintenance or

repair of the product. This point is valid and provided some excellent

responses. In addition, candidates achieving full marks considered how the

separation of materials allowed for more effective recycling and disposal of

materials at the end of life.

Total 3

7 Up to two marks from the list below.

– Reduction of stock components need to be made or bought in

– less mistakes made in production assembly due to one size used

–

Components can be made/purchased in volume Components available at reduced unit price

– Made to very high guaranteed

2


standard

– Components are reliable and result in little waste or scrap after assembly

– Reliable availability of parts, reduced risk of inability to source parts

(2×1)

Total 2

8

One mark for each valid reason.

Successful designs are recognisable/have customer base and

will sell

Have generated successful revenue in the past

Iconic designs have normally had a long period of success and

represent good design

Customers are interested and find retro design trendy

(2×1)

2

Total 2

9

One mark awarded for each valid point

o Customer surveys (1)

o Questionnaires (1)

o Focus groups (1)

o Interviews with possible customers (1)

o Analyse existing products (1)

o Market research (1)

o Investigate current fashion trends (1)

o Investigate current buying trends (1)

o Online research (1)

2

Do not award “Primary / Secondary”.


In part c, candidates were asked to state two methods of research that could

be used by the headphone manufacturer. This was a strongly answered

question. Most candidates were able to consider and provide multiple

methods of gathering research. The question required responses that gave

specific activities. Where candidates did not achieve full marks, responses

were related to the overall categories such as primary and secondary

research and therefore not specific enough to gain all the marks.

Total 2

1

0

Up to two marks for a clear description.

The product is to be used daily for long periods of

time and must therefore be designed to be durable

(1) and last for a long length of time (1)

The plastic utilised in its production is sourced from

recycled material (1) and is subsequently recyclable

again at the end of its life (1)

The product can be produced in high volumes (1)

with small levels of energy consumption per product

(1)

The product can be easily recycled at the end of its

life (1)

The product can be stacked for reducing

transportation and impact on the environment.

2

Accept other feasible and valid response


Part b required candidates to describe the product lifecycle considerations

that have influenced the school chair. It is clear that candidates understood

product lifecycle and the considerations associated with it. There are

increased opportunities for candidates to consider the wider considerations of

product lifecycle management such as the sourcing of raw material or use

and operation. Candidates’ answers were generally focused on the end of

use and disposal or recycling of the product.

Total 2


1

1

Up to two marks for a clear explanation.

High cost of tooling (1) is offset by large quantity of

components produced at low cost (1)

Initial investment is high (1) but cost per product is

cheap (1)

Machinery is expensive (1) so high volume

production offsets the capital investment (1)

The cost of material becomes cheaper when parts

are produced in large quantities (1) because the

material can be ordered in larger amounts. (1)

High volume production is used in the production of

plastic products in order to reduce unit costs (1) by

creating mould tools that allow for the replication of

large quantities of components (1))

High volume production allows for bulk buying of

materials (1) this reduces manufacturing costs. (1)

2



Part c, candidates were asked to explain why high-volume production is

suitable for the manufacture of plastic products. As per responses to 4b, this

question was not answered well by a large number of candidates. Responses

again focused on cost but failed to quantify how the cost only reduces per

unit once the high initial investment in tooling has been offset.

Total 2

1

2

One mark awarded for each of two valid methods e.g.:

Focus groups (1)

Surveys (1)

Assessing existing products (1)

Review market / sales data (1)

Interviews with customers (1)

Monitoring of trends and fashions (1)

2

Accept other feasible and valid methods.

Do not award marks for ‘Research’ ‘Primary research’, Secondary research’


In this part, candidates were required to give two methods that designers can

use to identify the needs of a market. This question required responses

related to specific tools utilised to carry out research into the target market.

Candidates who gave general responses related to research did not achieve

the marks here. Where specific research techniques were given as

responses candidates were able to successfully achieve full marks.

Total 2

1

3i

Up to two marks for two valid tests e.g.:

Operational test – check the volume of liquid / ice

cube created (1)

Strength test (1) – subject the tray to an operational

twist / bend load (1)

Temperature test – ensure the ice cube tray can

withstand freezing temperatures / changes in

temperature. (1)

2

Accept other valid methods


Part ai required candidates to state two ways that an ice cube could be tested

during the development of its design. On the whole candidates were

successfully able to state two ways this would be possible by considering the

strength and temperature requirements of the product and the material.

i

i

Up to three marks for a clear explanation e.g.:

Testing is important to ensure that the product is

safe to put on sales. (1) This may involve testing for

toxic materials or that the component does not

break during operation (1). This will ensure the

3 Accept other valid features


In part aii, candidates had to explain why testing is important when

developing a new product. Most candidates were able to give responses that


customer is not injured by the project. (1)

Testing is important when developing a new product

as it ensures that it will function in the way it is

intended. (1) If a product fails during operation then

customers will be dissatisfied (1) and this may affect

future sales. (1)

Testing is part of quality assurance processes within

a business (1) that identifies whether a product is fir

for purpose (1) and matches the design

specification / brief set by the client before being put

on sale. (1)

explained the need to ensure that products are safe before being put on sale

and the subsequent implications and consequences should this not be the

case. Overall candidates were able to access multiple marks in this question.

Total 5

1

4

Up to two marks for a description e.g.:

The bicycle seat is adjustable (1) allowing for use by

a range of different size users (1)

The positions of the seat, handle bars and pedals

have all been optimised (1) to allow the user to sit

comfortably on the bicycle (1)

The height of the bicycle from the ground has been

set (1) so that it is easy to get on and off for users of

varying heights (1)

The seat has been designed so that it follows the

contours of the body (1) making it more comfortable

to sit on (1)

The handle bars incorporate brake handles that are

within easy reach (1) so that they can be operated

without the need to remove hands from the bike (1)

2

Accept other feasible and valid responses


This part required candidates to describe how the bicycle could be influenced

by ergonomics. On the whole this question was answered well clearly

showing that candidates understanding of ergonomics is far greater

developed than their knowledge of anthropometrics. A large number of

responses focused on the comfort of the bike, which although valid in part is

achieved through the effective positioning of key features of the bicycle.

Total 2

1

5

a i Award one mark for the correct symbol 1 Only accept the symbol in this mark scheme. Not variations e.g. EC. Letters

should be capitals, curved, and in the correct order ‘CE’

Do NOT award marks if the E is not curved.

Award:

Do NOT award:



Question 2bi required candidates to draw the symbol for the ‘European

Conformity’ mark. Responses to this answer varied. Candidates were only

awarded marks for representations close to the symbol below.

i

i

Award one mark for each valid symbol e.g.:

Recycling symbol (1)

Age guidance e.g. not suitable for children under 3

(1)

Flammability / toxicity (1)

Disposal instructions (1)

Trademark (1)

Registered Trademark R (1)

Copyright (1)

Patent (1)

Safety (1)

Fair trade (1)

British toy and hobby association (LION mark) (1)

British Standards / ISO (1)

2

Award other valid examples

Do NOT accept ‘European Standard’ as repeat of (b)(I)


In part ii of question 2b, candidates then had to name two other examples of

symbols that may be included on a product. Most candidates were able to

identify at least one, if not two symbols, that would be used on a wide range

of products. This was, on the whole, a well answered question.

b

Award up to three marks for an explanation of the difference

between a registered design and a patent. e.g:

A registered design protects the appearance of a

product whilst a patent protects inventions /

processes (1).

A patent stops other companies copying the way

something works or is carried out whilst a registered

design only protects the appearance or shape of a

design. (1)

A patent lasts for 20 years from the date it is

approved (1) A patent should be renewed every

year after its fourth year. (1) A registered design has

to be renewed every 5 years / up to a total of 25

years. (1)

3

Award maximum of one mark for reference to preventing the copy of a design

but no more unless the distinct difference between ‘registered design’ and

‘patent’ is made.

Total 6

1

6i

Award one mark for each valid response.

One-off (1)

Batch (1)

Mass / continuous production (1)

2Examiner’s Comments

Question 6ai required candidates to state two scales of production. Almost all

candidates were able to access this question and subsequently gain marks.


i

i

Award one mark for each valid reason e.g.:

Scale of production may define what manufacturing

process can be used (1)

Scale of production may affect the final selling

price / cost of production (1)

Is the material / materials being used in appropriate

supply. (1)

Design geometry would depend on the

manufacturing process requiring consideration

during development (1)

Designs need to consider the manufacturing

process and therefore scale of production to ensure

they can be produced (1)

2

Do NOT award marks for ‘to know how many they need to make.’


Question 6aii, required candidates to develop their understanding of scales of

production by giving reasons why these would be considered during the

design stage. This question gave more varied responses than part i.

Candidates focused on cost again without giving consideration to how the

scale of production, and associated manufacturing method, would impact on

component geometry.

Total 4

1

7a

One mark awarded for each valid product requirement

function – the scissors must be able to cut paper

and other materials (1)

features – scissors should include long sharp blades

(1) and comfortable ergonomic handles / grip (1)

performance – the blades should remain sharp even

with consistent use (1)

target group / intended users – the scissors should

be able to be used by a range of users (1)

working environment – must be resistant to liquids

and corrosion (1)

limitations and constraints, size, weight, functional

limitations – should be lightweight but durable (1)

appearance – should be highly polished with a

smooth finish on the handles (1)

ergonomics – should be comfortable to hold (1) / be

able to be used for extended periods (1) / have a

comfortable grip (1) / be available in left and right

handed versions (1)

lifecycle – should be recyclable at the end of its life

(1) / should be able to be disassembled (1)

2

Accept other valid or feasible responses.

Award only one mark for duplication of the same answer with different

terminology e.g. comfortable to use, ergonomic for the user, safe to store

when not in use.

Do not accept single word responses such as ‘ergonomics’ or ‘aesthetics’ or

‘safety’.


A similar, pattern of responses occurred in part b of question 2. The question

asked candidates to consider design specification points for a pair of

household scissors. On the whole again, candidates were able to access

marks here but in some cases vague or generic responses without

exemplification were listed which failed to achieve marks.

b

Up to two marks awarded for accurate identification of the

symbols

Symbol 1 – Copyright (1)

Symbol 2 – Trademark (1)

2


In question 2d candidates had to correctly identify copyright and trademark

symbols. Overall, most candidates answered this question correctly. It was

clear that where candidates did not achieve the marks they were simply

unfamiliar with the symbols.

Total 4

1

8One mark awarded for each link made 2

Award one mark for each correctly drawn line shown.


Scale of production Example

Batch production

Bread

Mass Production

Nuts and bolts

One-off production

Sport stadium

Do not award one-off production drawn to the sports stadium as is given in

the question.


In part 3d, students were required to join images of products or components

to the appropriate scale of production. On the whole candidates were able to

access the marks here and correctly joined the components and scale

together. Centres are reminded to encourage candidates to think about their

responses to this style of question prior to drawing on the paper as multiple

lines can be added and this causes confusion when marking.

Total 2

1

9

One mark awarded for each correctly joined answer

3


The question required candidates to join the user need with the correct

product feature. On the whole, candidates were able to make the correct links

and achieve maximum marks on the question. Where candidates were not

credited with the maximum mark, they had missed a connecting line therefore

only gaining two of the three possible marks; or in some cases, candidates

had drawn multiple lines making it difficult to identify which ‘User need’ was

linked to which ‘Product feature.’ Overall, the question provided a positive

opening to the paper.

Total 3

2

0

a Up to four marks for valid ways in which the design of the multi

gym could ensure that it is suitable for a range of users.

– Adjustable weights

– Strength for advanced/overweight persons

– Adjustable seat position/ heights– Adjustable handlebars width

4 The answers must be qualified with ‘adjustable/range’ which will make the

particular feature suitable for different size/shape/ability of user.


– Range of weights for all abilities– colour coding easy identification

– Angles of backrest to modify the impact of the exercise

(4×1)

b

Benefits– Wider target audience– Increase sales of multi gyms– Streamlined product range– Optimise production– Cost effective productionSupporting description– Suit users of different heights & sizes

– Unisex/suitable for males and females

–Can be adjusted for comfort (e.g. longer/shorter arm reach or more upright sitting position)

– Suits children/young people as it can be adjusted as they grow

– More flexibility could make it stand out against other products

–can manufacture one product to meet the needs of multiple customers

– Reduced product cost due to optimised production processes

(2×1)

2One mark awarded for an identified benefit followed by any relevant

supporting point to complete the description for the second mark.

Total 6

2

1

i Appropriate appearance point relating to the design of an

electric fan heater, e.g.

The body of the fan heater will be an attractive colour (1) to

integrate into the home/suit different tastes/matches other

appliances (1)

It is a compact unit and occupies a small footprint (1) /can be

stored away more easily (1)

Texture smooth(1) nice to touch whilst interacting with it(1)

Shape of the body will be appealing (1) describe its style -

sleek/modern/curved (1)

Material is attractive (1) glossy finish/matt finish/ colour/smooth

/textured (1)

Appearance can effect sales of the product (1)

2 Simple answer 1 mark, qualified answer 2 marks

Points relating to the five senses are creditable, i.e. ‘people finding sound

made by fan as soothing’, ‘smell of burning dust on heater makes user

uncomfortable’.

Appealing, attractive, aesthetically pleasing is too vague.

Must be linked to a specific product attribute e.g. colour, style, shape or

material

Could be used as a justification for a number of other points


Good quality materials used to improve appearance (1)

i

i

Appropriate ergonomic point relating to the design of a fan

heater, e.g.

The fan heater will feature a handle (1) so that it can be

carried/moved around comfortably (1)

The fan heater will be as lightweight as (1) so that it is easy to

move around (1)

The fan heater will feature a dial for control(1) easy adjust

on/off switch with hand (1)

The fan heater will feature a dial for control(1) easy adjust heat

settings with hand (1)

Heat directed and diffused(1) comfortably heat without hotspot

(1)

2 Simple answer 1 mark, justified answer 2 marks

i

i

i

Appropriate life-cycle point relating to the design of a fan

heater, e.g.

At the end of the products life it can be recycled or reused (1)

Component parts easily disassembled and recyclable (1)

minimizing the impact on the environment at end of product

life.(1)

Use of standard components (1) to make production more

energy/resource efficient (1)

Design so that it can be repaired (1) so that replacing

components can prolong overall product life (1)

Minimum packaging will be used to package the fan heater (1)

using less non-recyclable materials/creating less waste for

disposal/making it lighter/smaller to transport. (1)

The fan heater will transfer energy efficiently (1) it is cheaper

so that it is more environmentally friendly. (1)

2

Simple answer 1 mark, qualified answer 2 marks

One mark awarded for reference to

recycle/reuse/sustainability etc… in general reference to the product.

For two marks, the second mark needs to come from more specific reference

to the design of the product

Total 6

2

2a

Up to two marks for a clear description.

– Speed of assembly– increased production output

– Easier assembly methods will be better to control quality

– means no need for specialist skilled workers

2

Only award 1 mark where 2 credible answers given with limited description.

Accept answers relevant to the ease of assembly for the end user


b

Up to two marks for a clear explanation.

Easy to mould complex shapes (1) which makes manufacture

less expensive (1)

Can make large quantities of complex geometry (1) very

quickly (1)

The casing can be melted and reused through recycling (1)

which is better for the environment (1)

Easy to make and mould in any colour (1) no need for

expensive paints (1)

Plastics material provides better insulation properties (1) so no

need to add an earth connection (1)

2Do not accept plastic is ‘cheap’ or ‘cheaper’ unless justified e.g. scale of

production, or processes

Total 4

2

3

Up to three marks

Modern Materials:

Composites e.g. carbon fibre

Carbon fibre has less weight and higher strength,

energy savings and lower storage space

Smart materials

Smart materials which enable to add safety features

to products, i.e. super elastic alloys, photochromic

dyes, shape memory alloys, less components need

in production

Advanced metal alloys e.g. aerospace applications

Environmentally safe materials e.g.

Starch based polymers biodegradable and don’t

give off toxic fumes when burnt, makes manufacture

more environmentally friendly

Use of environmental safe materials that are

biodegradable/easily recycled, giving production a

lower carbon footprint

Benefits –

Properties e.g. strength, weight, ability to be

formed/processed.

Benefit to the product e.g. improved performance,

ease of use, additional feature.

Sustainable materials:

Biodegradable e.g. sustainable forest material

Starch based polymers

Low carbon production

More sustainable materials may be chosen, instead

of the cheapest

3

One mark awarded for identifying a material. Up to 2 marks for how it could

benefit a product.


Consumers may pay more for sustainably designed

products

Different material choices by producers

Resource depletion may make it necessary to find

other sustainable materials

Using sustainable methods is good PR for

companies which produce products

One mark awarded for identifying a material. Up to 2 marks for how it could

benefit a product.

BOD if recycled ‘non-sustainable’ materials are listed e.g. recycled

plastic/metal

Total 6

2

4i

Award one mark for valid responses that may include;

must be easy to charge up

must be easy to keep clean

must be lightweight

must be easy to switch on and off

must stand up when not in use

must be waterproof

must be energy efficient / long battery life /

rechargeable

must have changeable / replaceable head

must have texture to make easy to grip

could come in different head sizes i.e. 1 for children,

and 1 for adults

must be available in a range of colours

2

Only accept answers related to the topics listed

Generic points such as ‘looks good’, ‘not too heavy’, ‘appealing to the target

market’, should be quantified with reference to specific features, usability or

design specification topics listed in indicative content.

Marks can also be awarded for points related to the areas below:

User needs

Product requirements

Manufacturing considerations

Production costs

Regulations and safeguards

Do not award marks for being able to clean teeth or fit in the mouth.


In part 2ai of this question, candidates had to give two design specification

points for an electric toothbrush. On the whole this question was answered

relatively well, but as per other questions in the paper when answers were

not awarded marks, candidates gave very general or vague responses or

statements that were not specific enough to qualify as a specification point.

Candidates tended to focus on the size of the head or handle of the product

rather than focusing on the specific features or design.

i

i

Up to four marks awarded for a clear explanation that

exemplifies any of the points listed above.

For example:

The electric toothbrush has a charging station and

clip on charging port (1) therefore it can be easily

located in the dock when charging. (1)

The casing of the toothbrush is made from smooth

plastic that can be wiped with ease (1) and the head

is removable to allow the user to wash it (1).

The toothbrush features an easy to operate push

button (1) that is easy to reach and allow the user to

change modes / settings.

The electric toothbrush is easy to switch on and off

because the press button is easily reached by the

thumb, (1) textured for feel and different sizes for on

and for off for easy recognition without looking. (1)

4 Up to three marks for a clear explanation of 1 design specification point.

Do not award marks for being able to clean teeth or fit in the mouth.

Allow “ECF” from 2(a)(i) where the specification point was not valid.


Part 2aii, asked candidates to develop the specification points given in part

2ai. Candidates were awarded marks here for good explanations of

specification points even if answers in part 2ai may have been too vague. On

the whole answers given here were good but full marks were not always

awarded as candidates failed to action the ‘explain’ command verb in the

question and gave shorter statements as responses rather than written

explanations.


Easy to stand up when not in use because it has a

smooth flat, relatively wide base, (1) and a low

centre of gravity (heavy battery is at the bottom). (1)

Total 6

2

5i

One mark awarded for each valid point

Nuts

Bolts

Screws

Bearings

Washers

Gears

Bushes

Motors

Fuses

Pins

Cable / wire

Electronic components.

2


Any fastener, connectors, terminals.

Do not accept “plug”.


Part ai required candidates to give examples of standard components. It is

clear that in this series, candidates had a better understanding of standard

parts with the vast majority of responses containing valid examples.

i

i

Up to two marks for a clear explanation

Standard tools like drills or taps can be used in

production (1) this means that tooling is easy to

source / replace at reasonable cost. (1)

Reduction of the numbers of parts that need to be

produced (1) meaning inventory and tooling /

machining costs are optimised. (1)

Components can be produced or purchased in high

volume (1) which reduces the cost per component

(1)

Components are available at a reduced price (1)

due to the large quantities they are produced in. (1)

Components are reliable (1) and result in little waste

or scrap after assembly (1)

Parts are reliably available which means less time is

lost in production (1) due to inability to source

components (1)

Standard components are made in large quantities

by one manufacturer (1) so they are extremely

accurate and reliable (1) and available to bulk buy at

low unit cost.

It is not cost effective for a manufacturer to produce

their own little components (1). This would require

work space, storage, skilled labour, machinery and

quality checking. (1) This could lead to higher

manufacturing costs, possible wastage and rejects

(1)

2

Accept other valid responses


Part aii extended the knowledge of standard parts required for part 5ai by

asking candidates to explain why the use of standard components in design

can reduce production costs. On the whole candidates were able to answer

this question well, showing an understanding of how the bulk purchase and

associated large scale manufacture with guaranteed quality were useful

factors in the management of costs when assembling or producing products.

Where answers were less successful, candidates gave responses stating that

standard parts were cheap and as with previous answers qualify the

response with reference to the quantity of manufacture and the subsequent

ability to purchase in bulk, reducing the unit cost of individual components.

Total 4


2

6

Up to three marks for a clear explanation e.g.:

It is important for manufacturers to ensure products

are safe so that their customers do not get injured

when using the product. (1) If customers suffer an

injury because of the product then the manufacturer

would be liable (1) and face prosecution or trial. (1)

Manufacturers must ensure their products are safe

because they have to meet regulations and

standards for their product to be sold. (1) If their

product does not meet the standards set by a

country or standards body then they will not be able

to be sold (1) affecting the reputation of the

company. (1)

Manufacturers have a legally defined (1) duty of

care to retailers and customers. (1) Products must

be ‘fit for purpose’. (1)

3

Accept other feasible and valid responses


This part required candidates to explain why it is important for manufacturers

to ensure that products are safe. This was answered well with candidates

clearly grasping how safety issues in products may cause harm to customers

and therefore create financial or legal problems for companies. Where

candidates missed marks it was usually due to a lack of extended response

and one word or one-sentence responses.

Total 3

2

7

One mark for each valid point about error proofing.

-

Design features / processes in products so that manufacture / assembly / use cannot be carried out incorrectly (2)Stops errors in manufacture / assembly / use by designing in specific features / processes (2)Stops errors in manufacture / assembly / use (1)

(2x1)

2

Do NOT accept references to testing / finding faults / checking designs

Two marks for a full explanation or one simple response with a valid

explanation / example

One mark for a simple response

Total 2

2

8i

Up to two marks for two strengths the clients’ product,

compared with the competitors product.

Strengths

- Touch screen keyboard / no push button keyboard (1)

- Larger screen (1)- No moving parts / sliding parts (1)- Phone has rounded corners (1)- No keyboard (1)- No buttons (1)

2

Do NOT accept;

- Larger speaker- Quantity or quality apps- More modern or similar

-Lighter / thinner

Award two marks for two valid responses given in one statement

i

i

- Size of handset

- Accessibility of functions offered by a touch-screen

- Accessibility to reach / select icons- Accessibility of sockets / switches on

2 Curved edges must be qualified e.g. so it is comfortable hold / nicer to grip

Do NOT accept generic responses;

- User friendly


the sides- Feel of material

- Fits into owners’ hand / usability with one hand

- Feel and grip / comfort / texture / required touch pressure

- Curved edges so it is more comfortable to hold

- Lightweight

- Position of speaker / microphone / buttons

- Volume control- Screen brightness

- Supports repetitive use without strain

- Clarity of screen / icons / commands / apps

- Easy to use- Easy to setup

- Aesthetic qualities

Responses related to ‘how it feels’ must be qualified e.g. how it feels in the

users hand.

Total 4

2

9i

Appropriate size point relating to the design of a microwave.

e.g.

- Microwavable volume adequate for domestic kitchen (1)

-Large enough for microwave ready meals / plates / jugs / bowls / kitchen glassware (1)

- Must be a suitable weight (1) so it is able to be transported (1)

-It is a compact unit and occupies a small footprint (1) fits into a kitchen / on a unit / environment / worktop (1)

- View window adequate size to be viewed(1) from different angles(1)

- Shape and size of handle adequate (1) for a range of age groups (1)

- Controls large enough (1) so a range are able to operate(1)

- Displays large enough and visible (1) from a distance in a kitchen(1)

-

Big enough to accommodate a 1 litre Jug(1) for making soups, sauces and porridge, and heating up baked beans(1)

2Simple answer one mark, qualified answer two marks. Also award two marks

for two valid responses.

i

i

Appropriate lifecycle point relating to the design of a

microwave.

e.g.

- Electrical item cannot be disposed of in general waste (1) must be

2 Simple answer one mark, qualified answer two marks. Also award two marks


Do NOT accept; ‘last long’, ‘last as long as possible’, ‘If it has a long life cycle

it is more reliable’ or similar.


disassembled and recycled(1)

-Consider resources used in manufacture (1) and their sustainability / replenishment (1)

-Return of recyclable / hazardous material to supplier / manufacturer / WEEE / take back laws (1)

-

Consideration of component weight / packaging for distribution / transportation (1) to reduce emissions (1)

- Reduction of materials (1) easier to recycle(1)

-The microwave will be energy efficient (1) so that it is more environmentally friendly. (1)

-

Component parts easily disassembled and recyclable (1) minimizing the impact on the environment at end of product life.(1)

-Use of standard components (1) to make production more energy / resource efficient (1)

- Design so that it can be repaired (1) so that replacing

- components can prolong overall product life (1)

-Reduction of non-renewable / hazardous materials(1) makes product more sustainable(1)

Reference to ‘recyclable’, ‘sustainable’ is only with one mark unless each is

qualified.

Do NOT accept references to; ‘pay more’ or ‘good PR.’

i

i

i

Appropriate working environment point relating to the design of

a microwave.

e.g.

Surface of worktops slippery (1) anti slip feet to stop slipping /

movement on worktops (1)

Distance of power points (1) length of cable (1)

Areas radiating heat (1) prevent damage to body of microwave

(1)

Areas with moisture / water (1) protection / guards preventing

damage to electrics (1)

Microwaves leaking out of unit (1) make sure seals and hinges

secure (1)

Easy to clean (1) to improve the hygiene (1)

The size of the microwave should be suitable for the type

2 Simple answer one mark, qualified answer two marks. Also award two marks


Reference to ‘harm’, ‘safety’ must also include ‘leakage of microwaves.’


working environment i.e. commercial microwave for

restaurant / compact microwave on planes (1)

The microwave should not make excessive noise (1)

Adequate alert noise when timer complete (1)

Total 6

3

0

Award up to six marks for a discussion of the impact which

improvements in materials and production processes can have

on the development of a new product.

Level 3 (5–6 Marks)

Learners provide a thorough discussion of materials and

production processes and show a clear understanding of the

required question material. Specialist language and terms

would be used in the appropriate areas being discussed and

the required information will be well structured in its

presentation. Good examples used to justify both materials

and production process impacts. Learners will demonstrate an

accurate level of spelling, punctuation and grammar.


Learners provide an adequate discussion which shows a

reasonable level of understanding of materials and production

processes impact. Some examples used to justify materials

and production process impacts. Some evidence of the use of

specialist language although not always in the appropriate

areas being discussed. Information, for the most part, will be

reasonably structured but may contain occasional errors in

spelling, punctuation and grammar.


Learners provide a basic discussion which shows some

understanding of the question material but uses little or no

specialist language. Few or no examples used to justify

materials or production process impacts. Answers may be

ambiguous or disjointed. Contains obvious errors in spelling,

punctuation and grammar.

0 marks = no response or no response worthy of credit.

Annotate as ‘Seen’ at end of the response.

6 Examples and relevant points could include:

Global trade means that companies / manufacturers carrying out business

across the world must understand that aesthetics are interpreted in different

ways in different cultures. Aesthetics acceptable in one country may be seen

as unacceptable in another. When designing a product or its packaging

designers often produce a variety of designs to match the preferences of

different countries.

AESTHETICS - Colour, Shape and Form

The shape and form of the product may determine the look of a product.

Products are often designed to look stylish. The style applied to the outside of

a product can quite easily influence the technology inside it. Aesthetics can

also alter the production / manufacturing techniques through which it is made.

CULTURE – Values and Beliefs

Some products are aimed at different cultures and countries. A product

acceptable in one culture may be looked as offensive or less desirable in

another. The use of colours and colour schemes are a good example of this.

e.g

-Importance of colour schemes in different countries is linked to the success or failure of a product.

- In China black is associated with evil, dirt, sin, disasters and bad luck.

-

In general, in China, colours are characterised by their lightness or darkness. For instance, white is regarding as a pure colour and reflects honesty. Red is associated with good luck. Elsewhere in the world red is used to represent danger.

One example of cultural influence would be the Shell Petrol sign, developed

for use initially in California, which at the time had a very much Hispanic

culture, so Phillip Lowie considered pure red and bright yellow colours

appropriate. So successful was the final colour choice that it was copied many

times by other companies (for example the McDonald’s logo colours).

As a result of European interest in Japanese culture and beliefs in the early

1900’s, the influence of the rising sun, geometric shapes, circles and straight

lines and block colours were manifest in many of the iconic designs of Art

Deco, particularly ceramics and decorative items.


Earlier, in the 18th century, with extensive trade with China, there developed

a now typically English preoccupation with the drinking of tea. The British

ceramic industry flourished with the popularity of making and drinking tea.

Even the Georgian furniture makers began an affair with everything Chinese:

Chippendale, for example, created many chair and room screen designs

based on interlaced geometric patterns in wood.

More recently, because of the global success of Japanese electronic

products, the influence of Japanese culture has had an impact in logo design

and font design. Many forward looking UK companies have adopted the

sleek, space age, often incomplete letter style for their trademarks and brand

symbols inspired by Japanese origins.

Total 6

3

1

Award up to 3 marks for an explanation e.g.:

Designers would test a design to ensure all

elements of the product function correctly (1). This

will stop issues during production (1) which, could

be costly to the manufacturer. (1)

Designers will want to ensure that the design meet

expected requirements / standards (1) before it

goes into production to avoid costly modifications

(1).

Production setup costs are extremely high (1).

Designers would want to ensure that all errors are

removed from the product prior to commencing

production (1) to ensure costly changes or delays in

the production process are avoided (1)

Designers will want to check the design to ensure it

functions properly (1), is safe to use (1) and is ready

to be produced on a large scale. (1)

3

Answers must refer to final production issues. Issues such as ergonomic,

aesthetic issues would have been addressed prior to this part of the process.

Award marks for reference to function.


In question 3d, candidates were asked to explain why designers may validate

a design before final production commences. The vast majority of candidates

were able to achieve marks here with some understanding that testing or

checking of the final design was important to ensure that large amounts of

investment was not lost during production due to a faulty or substandard

product.

Total 3

3

2

Up to two marks for a clear explanation

BSI Kitemark™ or Kitemark shows that the product has been

tested / checked (1) against particular product standards /

requirements and has been found to meet the standards. (1)

The Kitemark means BSI has independently tested it (1) and

has confirmed that the product conforms to the relevant British

Standard, (1)

Manufacturers pay for the BSI service. (1) Their product is

tested, (1) and the manufacturing process is assessed, at

regular intervals. (1)

The Kitemark is the symbol that gives consumers the

assurance (1) that the product they have bought really does

2 Do not accept answers related to an ability to be sold.


Part 2c asked candidates to explain what the British Standard Kitemark

means when displayed on a product. It is clear that almost all candidates had

an understanding of British standards and the principles represented by the

kitemark. Where marks were lost candidates gave answers related to the

kitemark providing permissions for sale which is not always the case.


conform to the appropriate British Standard (1) and should

therefore be safe and reliable. (1)

Manufacturers are not legally required to display a Kitemark on

their products, (1) but many everyday products and appliances

such as fridges, electrical plugs and crash helmets have them.

(1)

Total 2

3

3

One mark awarded for each ergonomic factor.e.g.

Size of the remote control (1)

Weight of the remote control (1)

Fits in the hand (1)

Button positioning logically laid out. (1)

Circumference / external dimensions of the remote

control (1)

Casing should have tactile feel (1)

Buttons should be clearly visible / easily readable (1)

2

Accept any other valid examples and products

Do not accept the simple statement “easy to use”.


Part 6b, gave candidates an image of a remote control and asked them to

give two ergonomic user needs that must be considered in its design. Almost

all candidates were able to select two ergonomic considerations including

such things as the position of the buttons, size of the buttons and shape of

the controller.

Total 2

3

4

Award up to three marks for a detailed description

Sustainable design may result in products being

manufactured from different materials due to some

materials becoming scarce (1). This could impact on

the production process (1) and possibly increase

product cost. (1)

Designers may consider the manufacturing process

used (1) to ensure that renewable energy is used to

power factories during manufacture (1) reducing the

overall products carbon footprint. (1)

Designers may consider the packaging of the

product. (1) Recycled packaging could be used (1)

to ensure appropriate disposal at the end of life. (1)

Designers may use recyclable materials in the

product. (1) Allowing the product to be

disassembled (1) and disposed of with minimal

impact on the environment. (1)

3

Do not award marks for ‘making the product more durable’ unless reference

to improved maintenance, reuse or repair is made

Award reference to the consideration of ‘renewable energy sources,

recyclability, use of non-finite resources.’


This question required candidates to give an example of a legislative design

requirement followed by a description of why the legislation was important

when designing and developing new products. Some candidates were able to

gain credit in the description part of the question, even though they may not

have given an appropriate legislative design requirement as an example.

Very few candidates were able to gain credit for a specific example. Centres

are advised to ensure that the specification is covered in depth. For this

example, candidates should be aware of specific legislation that affects

design requirements. Centres should use available resources and past mark

schemes from previous papers to support candidates’ development of

knowledge.

Total 3

3

5

Award up to 4 marks for each correct phase

1. Identify phase

2. Design phase

3. Optimise phase

4 Do not award marks if the cycle is in the wrong order


This question required candidates to list the four phases of the design cycle.

Responses to this question had to match the design cycle detailed in the

specification and also be in the correct order. The order of the phases is


4. Validate phase

clearly important in the process of developing a new product so candidates

could only gain credit if they put the appropriate phase in its corresponding

place in the order.

Exemplar 3, on the next page, shows a response that gained maximum

credit.

Exemplar 3

Total 4

3

6

a Award one mark for each correct answer

Example product

Manufacturing process

Ease of manufacture

1 Plastic school chair

Injection moulding

Creates high

volume, complex plastic

parts in a single

process

2CNC

machined bearing housing

Machining

Creates very

accurate parts with

a high surface finish

3Automotiv

e assembly

Final assembly

on production

line

Allows the use of pre-manufactu

red and

4


Overall candidates were generally able to gain credit on this question and

demonstrated a good understanding of sustainable design. Candidates

presented good responses that demonstrated understanding of multiple

factors that impact on the sustainable design of new products. Areas

included; the use of energy during production and use; the sourcing of

sustainable materials; and end of life considerations such as recycling and

disposal. In some cases, candidates did not gain full credit because they did

not support responses with a suitable example. Where candidates did not

gain credit, their responses related to products being sustainable by being

made to last longer. This is not always true and could only be accredited if the

length of a products life was further qualified by considerations such as

maintenance and repair extended the products lifecycle before disposal.


linestandard

components

4 Cast pump housing

Sand casting

Allows for cost

effective metal

component production

5Prototype prosthetic hand

3D printing

Can create one-off 3D components rapidly

b

Award one mark for a valid process e.g.

Laser cutting

Forging

Vacuum forming / thermoforming

Laminating

Blow / rotational / compression moulding

Composite production

Sintering

Die casting

Manual machining – turning / milling

Using hand tools

CNC machining

Extrusion

1

Accept other suitable processes

Only award marks for different ‘casting’ or ‘moulding’ methods if specific

applications are given e.g. die casting, blow moulding

Do not award secondary processes such as ‘brazing’ or ‘welding’


This question required candidates to match a manufacturing process to

statements related to how the process assists the ease of manufacture.

Overall, candidates were able to achieve credit on this question with many

gaining maximum marks. In some cases, candidates did not match the

correct process to the appropriate statement which demonstrated a limited

understanding of particular manufacturing processes. Other candidates, who

did not gain any credit, either did not make one successful match or, more

commonly, had not read the question in detail and instead of populating the

table with the statements provided, wrote their own responses which gained

no credit. Candidates are advised to read the question in detail to ensure

they have the appropriate information and guidance to provide a response

worthy of credit.

Total 5


€¦ · web viewpart 1ai of this question required candidates to list important considerations...

Documents