HBS Midterm Study Guide Name: ________________________

Unit 1 Key Terms

Anterior

Deep

Directional Terms

Distal

Dorsal

Identity

Inferior

Lateral

Medial

Posterior

Proximal

Regional Terms

Superficial

Superior

System

Ventral

Adipose tissue

Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton

Connective Tissue

Epithelial Tissue

Femur

Forensic Anthropology Humerus

Pelvis

Skull

Tibia

Tissue

Agarose

Biometrics

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Gel electrophoresis

Restriction enzyme

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs)

Unit 2 Key Terms

Brain Stem

Central nervous system

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Gyrus

Limbic System

Lobe

Peripheral nervous system

Phrenology

Sulcus

Action Potential

Axon

Dendrite

Ion

Myelin sheath

Neurologist

Neuron

Neurotransmitter

Reaction Time

Reflex

Synapse

Endocrine Gland

Endocrine System

Exocrine Gland

Gland

Glucagon

Hormone

Hypothalamus

Insulin

Pituitary gland

Accommodation

Astigmatism

Blind spot

Cone

Cornea

Depth Perception

Hyperopia

Iris

Lens

Myopia

Optic nerve

Pupil

Refraction

Retina

Rod

1.1

How can directional terms and regional terms help describe location in the body? (Human Body System Graphic Organizers)

What features of structure and function are common to all humans?

Humans can be told apart by the <0.1% that is different about us. That’s what gives us each our unique identity.However, we share most of our features in common. Here are examples.

1.2

What are the main types of tissue in the human body?

How does the structure of a type of human tissue relate to its function in the body?

Epithelial Muscle Nervous ConnectiveFunction & Location: Function & Location: Function & Location: Function & Location:

Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics: Characteristics:

How does the distribution and structure of different types of tissue in the body contribute to personal identity?

What are the functions of the human skeletal system?

What is forensic anthropology and how does this field relate to human body systems?

1.3

What is the structure and function of DNA?

How does DNA differ from person to person?

What role does DNA play in our identity?

How can the field of biometrics be used to verify and protect identity?

How can tools of molecular biology be used to compare the DNA of two individuals? (PCR)

What are restriction enzymes?

What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms?

What is gel electrophoresis and how can the results of this technique be interpreted?

2.1

What is communication?

What are ways communication occurs in machines and in the human body?

Machines Humans

What are consequences of miscommunication in the body?

How do the central nervous system & the peripheral nervous system work together to control the body?

Sensory Input Motor Output

How do scientists determine which areas of the brain are associated with specific actions, emotions or functions?

Earliest Attempts Then & Now Now

What are the functions of the main regions of the brain?

The cerebellum mostly controls fine motor movement & balance. The cerebrum is higher thought. The gyri arethe ridges between grooves/furrows (sulci) and get deeper with learning. The limbic system controls emotions & motivation. There are 4 major lobes (divisions)—frontal, occipital, temporal & parietal.

2.2

How does communication happen within the body?

Electrical Signals Nervous System Chemical Signals Endocrine System

What is the basic structure and function of a neuron?Function StructureDendrites –

Axon –

Myelin Sheath –

Nodes of Ranvier –

Axon Terminals –

Synapses –

Synaptic Cleft –

Neurotransmitters –

How do the different types of neurons work together to send and receive signals?

Sensory Neuron Interneuron Motor NeuronFunction: Function: Function:

Location: Location: Location:

How are electrical impulses created in the human body?

Action Potential

How do neurons convey information using both electrical and chemical signals?

What factors impact our ability to react to a stimulus?

How and why does reaction time differ in reflex and voluntary actions?

Reflex Voluntary

How do errors in communication impact homeostasis in the human body?

Epilepsy

Parkinson’s

Huntington’s

Alzheimer’s

Multiple Sclerosis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s)

How can biomedical professionals help treat, cure and improve the quality of life of those suffering from nervous system disorders?

2.4

How do humans communicate with the world around them?

How does the power of sight allow humans to communicate with the outside world?

How is light focused by the eye?

Be able to identify/label/explain the parts of the eye on a diagram.