Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1

** there are a lot of daily observations showing the motion of objects. Such as >>> motion of ball on pushing it and it stops on catching it. >>> motion of bicycle by pushing it and stops on pressing the brakes.

** the objects need an effect to change its state.

Activity >>> motion of a car and its rest. Materials: A table – a toy car.

Procedure;

- stand at one side of table and ask your classmate to stand in the other side.

- Put the toy car in front of you on the table then push it by your hand in the direction of your classmate.

- Ask your classmate to put his hand in the path of car.

What do you observe?! …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Conclusion: The motion of the car and its stopping needs an effort.

Activity >>> motion of a bicycle and its rest:Look at this picture then answer the following questions:

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Force and Energy

Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1

- how can you move the bicycle? - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………- How can you stop the bicycle? - …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Motion of bicycle and its stopping needs an effort.

Changing of objects state from rest to motion or from motion to rest needs an effort and this effect is called ((force)).

Force : It is an effect that may change the state of the object an it is measured by ((Newton)).

** We know before that measuring unit of length is meter, so the measuring unite of force is Newton related to the scientist (( Isaac Newton )).

Activity>>> pulling of the rope game Look at this picture that shows two teams A and B

Which team that you expect its win? Why? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………

The motion increases by increasing the force.

- perform a pulling of rope game with your classmates in school.Activity >>> Balloon and rocket

- Blow a balloon as shown in figure then catch its opening by your hand tightly.

- make the opening of balloon downwards then leave it.

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Games depend on the effect of force

Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1 - What do you observe? - …………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Conclusion: Force of pushing air downwards moves the balloon upwards like the rocket.

Since 4000 years, ancient egyptian successed in depending on the effect of force in transferring heavy stones from south of Egypt (Aswan) to Giza and rising of them for building pyramids although there were no modern technology as these days!!

Note Idea of action of the rocket depends on pushing of gases produced from burning of fuel to downwards, so the rocket ruches to upward.

Activity >>> the effect of force on motion of an object:

Materials : - large wooden ruler. - A larger rubber - A book.

Procedures: - put a ruler at its middle on the rubber. - Put the book over one end of the ruler. - Press by your hand on the other end of the rubber.

What do you observe?

Conclusion: Force causes the motion of objects and their rising.

There are a lot of technological applications that depend in its motion on the effect of the force :

Such as :

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Moving of heavy objects and their rising:

Technological applications

Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1 Home equipments (( mixer – electric fan ))

Means of transport (( Cars – underground ))Heavy objects rising machines (( Crane, electric lift , pulleys and electric ladder ))

Notes : **your body parts are machines and equipments .

**try to match your body parts to some machines and equipments :

Such as You heart like………………………………………

The eye like..……………………………………… The brain like..…………………………………… Your arm like.………………………………………

**this machines contain : pulleys that make the motion easy and gears that transfer the motion.

Note **lever is a simple machine to rise object by effect of force .

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Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1 **by increasing weight (force) the length of the spring

increase more.

Summary **Force is the effect that change the state of object .

**measuring unit of force is Newton.

**force that move a body is ((pushing force)) and that stop it is ((stopping force)).

**motion increase by increasing force .

**most electric machines depend on motor pushing force .

**car and train depend on ((engine pushing force))

**Crane and escalator and electric lift depnd on effect of force in rising heavy objects.

Glossary Forceقوه Rocketصاروخ Restسكون Kickيشوط

Motionحركه Effectتأثير Pushيدفع Measuring unitوحدة قياس

Stopping forceقوه الايقاف Rideيقود Brakesفرامل Pedalبدال

Applicationsتطبيقات Pressيضغط Pulling ropeلعبة شد الحبل

game Rocketصاروخ

Magnetic forceقوة مغناطسيه Tightlyبأحكام Pyramidsالاهرام Burning of fuelحرق الوقود Risingيرفع Heavy stonesاحجار ثقيله

Electric liftالمصعد الكهربى Home equipmentمعدات المنزل Fishing toolسنارة السمك Pumpمضخه Craneونش Pulleysكرات Gearsتروس Leverرافعه Springزنبرك Hangيعلق Tieيربط Weightثقل

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Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1

Questions on lesson : Complete the following statements :

1 – The objects need an ……………………. To change its state .

2 – The motion of car and its stopping needs an ………………………

3 ..……………………… - is the effect that may change the state of the object .

4 ..……………… – is the unite of the force .

5 – the measuring unit of force is Newton related to the scientist ..……………………………

6 – the motion …………………………… by increasing the force .

7 – force of pushing air downwards move the balloon ………………………. Like .……………………

8 – idea of action of rocket depends on pushing gases to ………………………… so the rocket ruches to upward .

9 – Force causes the ……………………… of objects and their rising.

10 – From home equipments, ………………………….. and electric fan .

11 – Your heart like a pump, and your brain like ……………………….. , while your arm like..……………

Choose the correct answer : 1 – force is an effect that change :

a. the motion of object. b. state of object. c. rest of object. d. all the previous .

2 – force measuring unit is the .………………… a. kilogram b. meter c. Newton d. second .

3 – electric fan rotates by the effect of ………………… force a. water pushing b. air pushing c. motor pushing d. hand

pushing .

4 – idea of action of rocket depends on pushing gases …………………………… a. upward b. downward c. in the space d. no correct answer.

5 – force causes the …………………… of objects .a. motion b.stopping c. no action d. a and b

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Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1

6 – the object need an ……………………….. to change its state .a. gas b. effect c. crane d. all the previous

write the name of force that moves these things from rest ?

The effect force.The tool No

A bicycle 1 A wheel barrow 2A kite 3

A car4

State the function of each of the following ?

1 – Pulley ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………

2 – Gear ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………

3 – Crane .……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Put true or false in front of the following statements: 1 – the motion of any object and its stopping force need force ) ( .

2 – kite flies by the effect of air stopping force ) ( .

3 – force is measured by kilogram unit ) ( .

4 – the motion is decreasing by increasing force ) ( .

5 – washing machine depend in their motion on effect of motor pushing force) ( .

6 – pulleys are used to transfer the motion of bodies ) ( .

Give reasons ?

1 – the kite rise up in the sky ?

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Science 4th primary 2nd term unite2 lesson 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………

2 – Gears are important in machines ?……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3 – toy car move when you push it ?……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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