UNIT 2 EXAM- AP Biology

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

1. Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?

a. The chloroplastb. The Golgi Apparatusc. The nucleusd. The nucleoluse. The mitochondrion

2. A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decides that it is a plant cell becausea. Ribosomes are visibleb. An endoplasmic reticulum can be seenc. A cell membrane is presentd. It has a large central vacuolee. Centrioles are present

3. Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?

a. Mitochondria and bacteria possesses similar ribosomesb. Mitochondria and bacterial posses similar nucleic. Glycolysis occurs in both mitochondria and bacteriad. Both mitochondria and bacteria have microtubulese. Neither mitochondria nor bacteria possess chloroplasts

4. Which of the following pairs of functional groups characterizes the structure of an amino acid?

5. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?a. A membrane-bound nucleusb. A cell wall made of cellulosec. Ribosomesd. Flagella or cilia that contain microtubulese. Linear chromosomes made of DNA and protein

6. Which of the following is best observed by using a compound light microscope?a. A eukaryotic cellb. A virusc. A DNA sequenced. The inner structure of a mitochondrione. A nuclear pore

7. All of the following are typical components of the plasma membrane of an eukaryotic cell EXCEPT a. Glycoproteinsb. Cytochromesc. Cholesterold. Phospholipids e. Integral proteins

8. Which of the following is an example of active transport across a membrane?a. The movement of water from a nephron into the collecting duct of the kidneyb. The movement of glucose by facilitated diffusion into a liver cellc. The movement of water from the inside of a cell into a surrounding hypertonic mediumd. The movement of Na+ into a neuron as a nerve impulse is generatede. The movement of H+ into a thylakoid disc during photosynthesis

9. Which of the following cellular processes is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP?a. Facilitated diffusionb. Active transportc. Chemiosmosisd. Osmosise. Na+ influx into a nerve cell+

10. All of the following contribute to the unique properties of water EXCEPTa. Cohesionb. Adhesionc. Polarityd. Capillary actione. Low heat capacity

11. All of the flowing organelles are associated with protein synthesis EXCEPTa. Ribosomesb. Golgi bodiesc. The nucleusd. The rough endoplasmic reticulume. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum

12. A major difference between bacterial cells and animal cells is that bacterial cells is that bacterial cells havea. A plasma membrane made of phospholipidsb. Ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesisc. A cell wall made up of peptidoglycand. A nuclear membrane, which contains chromosomese. A large vacuole, which contains fluids

13. All of the following are methods of moving materials across cell membranes along a concentration gradient EXCEPT

a. Exocytosisb. Facilitated diffusionc. Osmosisd. Active transporte. Diffusion

14. A feature of amino acids NOT found in carbohydrates is the presence ofa. Carbon atomsb. Oxygen atomsc. Nitrogen atomsd. Hydrogen atomse. Phosphorus atoms

15. All of the following statements describe the unique characteristics of water EXCEPT:a. It is a polar solventb. It is relatively resistant to temperature changesc. It forms hydrogen bonds with disaccharidesd. It can dissociate into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ionse. It is a hydrophobic solvent

16. The principle inorganic compound found in living things isa. Carbonb. Oxygenc. Waterd. Glucosee. Carbon dioxide

17. A prokaryotic cell has which of the following?a. Centriolesb. Lysosomesc. Plasma membraned. Mitochondriae. Endoplasmic reticulum

For questions 18-20 refer to an experiment in which a dialysis-tubing bag is filled with a mixture of 3% starch and 3% glucose and placed in a beaker of distilled water, as shown below. After 3 hours, glucose can be detected in the water outside the dialysis-tubing bag, but starch cannot.

18. From the initial conditions and results described which of the following is a logical conclusion?a. The initial concentration of glucose in the bag is higher than the initial concentration of starch in the bagb. The pores of the bag are larger than the glucose molecules but smaller than the starch moleculesc. The bag is not selective permeabled. A new movement of water into the beaker has occurrede. The molarity of the solution in the bag and the molarity of the solution in the surrounding beaker are

the same.

19. Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?a. The bag will contain more water than it did in the original conditionb. The contents of the bag will have the same osmotic concentration as the surrounding solutionc. Water potential in the bag will be greater than water potential in the surrounding solutiond. Starch molecules will continue to pass through the bage. A glucose test on the solution in the bag will be negative

For question 20: The question is followed by 5 suggested answers or completions. Select one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet.

20. The resting membrane potential depends on which of the following?

i. Active Transportii. Selective permeabilityiii. Differential distribution of ions across the membrane

a. ii onlyb. iii onlyc. i and ii onlyd. ii and iii onlye. i, ii, and iii

For questions 21-24: Refer to different biologically important organic molecules. This group of questions consists of five lettered heading followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once, more than one, or not at all in each group.

(A) Nucleic Acids(B) Protein(C) Cellulose(D) Triglycerides(E) Glycogen

21. Lipid that consists of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol22. The stored form of sugar in humans23. A macromolecules that consists of a polymer of amino acids24. A substance that cannot be broken down by cows

Directions: For questions 25-28 refer to the following groups of biological compounds. This group of questions consists of five lettered heading followed by a list of numbered phrases or sentences. For each numbered phrase or sentence, select the one heading that is most closely related to it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Each heading may be used once, more than one, or not at all in each group.

(A) Proteins(B) Carbohydrates(C) Nucleic Acids(D) Lipids(E) Steroids

25. Synthesize at the ribosomes26. Includes glycogen, chitin, cellulose, and glucose27. Used for insulation and buoyancy in marine Arctic animals28. Used to carry the genetic code

Directions: For questions 30-34 refer to the following diagram of a plant cell.

29. Site of glucose synthesis30. Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose31. Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell32. Site of transport materials into and out of the cell33. Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote

34. In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is

a. the relative solubility of the component.b.

the size and weight of the component.

c. the percentage of carbohydrates in the component.d.

the number of enzymes in the fraction.

e. the presence or absence of lipids in the component.35. Which of the following cell components is not directly involved in synthesis or secretion?

a. ribosomeb. rough endoplasmic reticulumc. Golgi bodyd. smooth endoplasmic reticulume. lysosome

36. Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?a. ATP is produced.b. DNA is present.c. Ribosomes are present.d. B and C onlye. A, B, and C are correct.

37. The surface of an integral membrane protein would be best described asa. hydrophilic.b. hydrophobic.c. amphipathic.d. completely covered with phospholipids.e. exposed on only one surface of the membrane.

38. All of the following are functions of integral membrane proteins excepta. protein synthesis.b. active transport.c. hormone reception.d. cell adhesion.e. cytoskeleton attachment.

39. Which of the following is a reasonable explanation for why unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?

a. The double bonds form a kink in the fatty acid tail, forcing adjacent lipids to be further apart.

b. Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content.c. Unsaturated fatty acids permit more water in the interior of the membrane.d. The double bonds block interaction among the hydrophilic head groups of the lipids.e. The double bonds result in a shorter fatty acid tail

40. Which of the following describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?a. Maintains the cell’s resting potentialb. Regulates cellular volumec. Brings sodium into the celld. All of the abovee. A and B only

FRQ 2011

Answers must be in essay form. Outline form is not acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read each question completely before you begin to write. Write all your answers on the pages following the questions in the pink booklet.

1. During an investigation of a freshwater lake, an AP Biology student discovers a previously unknown microscopic organism. Further study shows that the unicellular organism is eukaryotic.(a) Identify FOUR organelles that should be present in the eukaryotic organism and describe the function of each organelle.(b) Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes. However, prokaryotes must perform many of the same functions as eukaryotes. For THREE of the organelles identified in part (a), explain how prokaryotic cells carry out the associated functions.(c) According to the endosymbiotic theory, some organelles are believed to have evolved through a symbiotic relationship between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Describe THREE observations that support the endosymbiotic theory.