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EES of 19Goal 2.1 Test – The Lithosphere M.Sewell rm #70

EES Goal 2.1 Lithosphere Test

1. The Appalachian mountain range in North America is similar in age and rock composition to mountain ranges in Britain and Norway. Similarly, a mountain range that runs east to west in South Africa matches a mountain range in Argentina. Which theory does this evidence support?

A. Continents that are now separated were once joined together.

B. Regions with similar climates show similar geological activity.

C. Mountain building occurred at the same time in different regions.

D. Erosion destroyed mountain ranges connecting separate continents.

2. Certain movements of oceanic plates cause the formation of new crust on the ocean floor. Which plate movement would result in the formation of new crust?

A. one oceanic plate sliding past another

B. one oceanic plate slipping beneath another

C. two oceanic plates colliding against each other

D. two oceanic plates pulling away from each other

3. Convection currents in the mantle are thought to be the driving force behind tectonic movement. At which location do the convection currents cause the plates to diverge?

A. strike-slip fault

B. subduction zone

C. mid-ocean ridges

D. folded mountains


4. Oceanic crust is composed mainly of basalt. Continental crust is composed mainly of granite. Why does oceanic crust generally tend to subduct under continental crust when plates collide?

A. The oceanic crust is thicker than the continental crust.

B. The continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust.

C. The oceanic crust is denser than the continental crust.

D. The continental crust is denser than the oceanic crust.

5. The movement of tectonic plates produces different geologic features on the surface of Earth. Which geologic feature is most likely formed from converging plate boundaries?

A. B. C.


6. Which of the following would be the least destructive to the land?

A. a magnitude 7.2 earthquake

B. a tropical storm surge

C. an electrical storm

D. a volcanic eruption

7. Use the diagram of the rock cycle to answer the question that follows.

What has to occur to change igneous rock into sediment?

D.


A. weathering, transportation, and deposition

B. heat and pressure

C. cooling and solidification

D. cementation and compaction


8. The formation of diamonds requires tremendous pressure that is generated

A. in deep ocean trenches.

B. high in the mountains.

C. in dry environments.

D. deep below the crust.

9. Intense heat and pressure in Earth’s crust can change sandstone into quartzite. During this metamorphosis, many properties of these rocks change. Which property of these rocks will most likely remain the same?

A. mass

B. volume

C. crystal structure

D. particle shape

10.

Radioactive isotopes inside Earth are constantly decaying. This process results in

A. an increase in Earth's mass over time.

B. the generation of heat energy inside Earth.

C. the slow formation of larger and larger molecules.

D. a slow rise in the mean atomic number of atoms on Earth.


11.

One process in the formation of sedimentary rocks is when rocks are

A. compressed by moving plates.

B. heated and subjected to high pressure.

C. broken up and deposited in layers.

D. moved up along fault planes.

12.

Why are fossils rarely found in metamorphic or igneous rock?

A. Chemicals toxic to living organisms are released during formation of these rocks.

B. Heat and pressure are great enough to destroy the structure of fossils found in these rocks.

C. Decay of radioactive isotopes changes the fossils into a different rock structure.

D. Intense magnetic fields found where these rocks form keep organisms from living there.

13.

Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas deposited millions of years ago. The phosphate contains the remains of animals that were deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which type of rock did the phosphate most likely become?

A. intrusive igneous

B. extrusive igneous

C. clastic sedimentary

D. organic sedimentary


14.

Tectonic motion caused tension between plates in Earth’s crust. A sudden release of this energy occurred. Based on this information, which event happened?

A. subsidence

B. earthquake

C. volcanic eruption

D. meteoroid impact

15.

The Theory of Plate Tectonics is based on

A. evidence of sea floor spreading.

B. topographic mapping of mountain ranges.

C. an analysis of soil at the plate boundaries.

D. volcanic activity along coastlines.

16.

The theory of plate tectonics provides the current explanation for the way in which

A. stars change.

B. continents move.

C. rocks are formed.

D. tides are produced.


17.

The diagram shows the formation of a subduction zone as two tectonic plates collide.

What will be the most likely formation at location Y?

A. island

B. lake

C. plateau

D. volcano

18.

What is one condition necessary to produce diamonds?

A. high altitude

B. intense pressure

C. quick cooling

D. low temperatures

19.

Divergent tectonic plate boundaries most commonly form

A. ocean ridges.

B. ocean trenches.

C. non-volcanic islands.

D. continental mountains.


20.

The drawings below show two different types of volcanoes.

Based on their overall structures, how are these volcanoes most likely different?

A. Volcano Type 1 erupts more often.

B. Volcano Type 2 produces thicker lava.

C. Volcano Type 1 has more violent eruptions.

D. Volcano Type 2 becomes extinct quicker.


21.

Fences are put along some beaches.

For which reason are the fences most likely placed along beaches?

A. to increase water erosion

B. to prevent wind erosion

C. to increase weathering

D. to prevent deposition


22.

The coastal plains of Florida are shown on the map.

Which process was primarily responsible for the formation of these plains?

A. wind erosion

B. tectonic activities

C. deposition of sediments by rivers

D. glaciers scraping the ground surface


23.

As rain falls on the top of a cliff, water seeps into the cracks of the rock. As the temperature reaches 0°C, the water expands and breaks the rock apart. Eventually, the rock falls to the ground.

Which statement best describes the process shown?

A. creep

B. abrasion

C. ice wedging

D. chemical weathering

24.

What contributes the most to beach erosion?

A. animal activity

B. evaporation

C. precipitation

D. wave action


25.

A rock has most likely traveled a long distance from its place of origin if it is

A. very small.

B. rounded and smooth.

C. partially faded.

D. rough and dense.

26.

A science class designed a poster to show how the barrier islands along the Florida coastline formed. The students showed the effects of wind, waves, and tides on the sand that formed these islands. In the poster, which pair of systems should the students say most affected barrier island formation?

A. the hydrosphere and atmosphere

B. the atmosphere and lithosphere

C. the biosphere and hydrosphere

D. the lithosphere and biosphere

27.

Which of the following is the best evidence that an area of land was once covered by a glacier?

A. limestone caverns

B. marine fossils

C. abrasion of surface rocks

D. peeling slabs of rock


28.

A mountain showed the following change in profile over millions of years.

What happened to most of the material removed from the mountain?

A. The material weathered to form new sediments.

B. The material was absorbed by plant roots.

C. The material disintegrated from exposure to sunlight.

D. The material was destroyed by chemical reactions.

29.

Some aquifers are composed of limestone and dolomite. Which process increases the open spaces of the aquifer formation?

A. wave action

B. wind erosion

C. tensional faulting


30.

Which is the best evidence that rocks found deep underground were once exposed at the surface?

A. The rocks have been melted by a magma.

B. The rocks have been broken by faults.

C. The rocks have been weathered by water.

D. The rocks have been folded by pressure.


31.

Which process accounts for the expansion and contraction of rocks?

A. mechanical weathering

B. organic decomposition

C. abrasion resistance

D. heat conduction

32.

Which action most often causes sinkholes to form on the surface of Earth?

A. removing groundwater

B. meteor impacts

C. plates colliding

D. mechanical weathering


33.

The arrows on the satellite image of a volcano point to features that radiate out from the crater found at the top of the volcano toward the base of the volcano.

These indicated features of the volcano suggest which conclusion?

A. The volcano is old enough to show erosion.

B. The volcano is located on a hot spot.

C. The eruption formed cracks in the side.

D. The eruption caused extensive local rainfall.


34.

Alluvial fans form at the mouths of steep canyons.

The formation of alluvial fans is most likely a result of which process?

A. wind erosion

B. flash floods

C. glacial erosion



35.

The picture below shows a rock structure.

Which characteristic of this rock structure results directly from the action of erosion?

A. color

B. type

C. shape

D. age

36.

Which of these natural disasters is least likely to cause major damage to a prairie ecosystem?

A. a flood

B. a tornado

C. a hurricane

D. an earthquake


37.

A farmer has a steeply sloping pasture that is eroding. Which is the best option to stop the immediate erosion of the topsoil?

A. Increase the amount of vegetation on the sloping pasture.

B. Plant trees and shrubs at the bottom of the sloping pasture.

C. Increase the soil thickness by adding five inches of sandy soil.

D. Increase the organic content of the topsoil by adding earthworms.

38.

Many houses are built on the sides of hills. Which of these actions would best prevent houses from sliding down hills after heavy rainfalls?

A. increasing the slope of the hill

B. spraying herbicides on the hill

C. adding plants to the hill

D. removing grass from the hill

39.

Which of these natural disasters are the most unpredictable?

A. earthquakes

B. hurricanes

C. tornados

D. blizzards

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